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English Glossary of Buddhist Terms
This glossary is only a partial list of technical terms found on the pages of the website. From time to time, as work progresses on the glossary project, new terms will be added to the list. Sanskrit equivalents for Tibetan terms have been provided only for select terms and all diacritical marks for transliterated Sanskrit have been omitted, for ease of display on all browsers.
Choose one of the letters below to see the glossary entries that start with this letter:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z everything
| English | Definition | Tibetan / Sanskrit / Pali |
|---|---|---|
| ultimate bodhichitta | See: deepest bodhichitta | |
| ultimate deepest level | See: ultimate level | |
| ultimate level | The final, most profound level of something. Sometimes also translated as "deepest level" or "ultimate deepest level." (Jeffrey Hopkins: [end-to-meet] final; complete) | Tib: mthar-thug |
| ultimate phenomenon, denumerable | ||
| ultimate phenomenon, nondenumerable | ||
| ultimate source of safe direction | The Buddhas, as the only ones with full sets of true stoppings and true pathway minds on their mental continuums. | Tib: mthar-thug-gi skyabs-gnas |
| ultimate truth | See: deepest truth | |
| ultimate vehicles of mind | According to the tenets of the Chittamatra Followers of Scripture, three vehicles of mind that lead to three different final goals -- shravaka arhatship, pratyekabuddha arhatship, and Buddhahood -- which, once one has been attained, do not allow for the person who has attained it to achieve one of the other two goals. Thus, shravaka arhats and pratyekabuddha arhats cannot attain enlightenment. (Jeffrey Hopkins: final vehicle) | Tib: mthar-thug theg-pa |
| unaffected | ||
| unaffected phenomenon | A phenomenon that is not affected by causes or conditions. A synonym for static phenomenon. Often rendered by other translators as "unconditioned phenomenon." (Jeffrey Hopkins: uncompounded; uncompounded [phenomenon]) | Tib: 'dus ma-byas Skt: asamskrtadharma |
| unartificial | See: uncontrived | |
| unassociated with confusion | See: untainted | |
| unawareness | (1) According to Vasubandhu and Asanga, not knowing. (2) According to Dharmakirti, knowing in an inverted (incorrect) manner. In both cases, unawareness is of either behavioral cause and effect, or of the lack of an impossible "soul" or voidness. Translators often render the term as "ignorance." (Jeffrey Hopkins: ignorance) | Tib: ma-rig-pa Skt: avidya |
| unawareness, automatically arising | ||
| unawareness, doctrinally based | ||
| unawareness, link of | See: link of unawareness | |
| uncommon equanimity | The mental factor of an equal attitude toward everyone, with which one has no feelings of close or far in the thoughts or actions involved in benefiting and helping all limited beings and eliminating their problems. The type of equanimity developed specifically in Mahayana in the context of equalizing and exchanging one's attitudes about self and other, and not taught in common with Hinayana. Also called "distinguished equanimity." | Tib: thun-mong ma-yin-pa'i btang-snyom |
| uncommon Mahayana equanimity | See: uncommon equanimity | |
| unconditioned phenomenon | ||
| uncontrived | A state of mind not mentally constructed by conceptual thought. Also translated as "unartificial." | Tib: bcos-med |
| uncontrollably recurring existence | See: samsara | |
| uncontrollably recurring samsara | See: samsara | |
| unhappiness | That feeling which, when it arises, one wants to be parted from it. (Jeffrey Hopkins: unhappiness; difficult) | Tib: mi-bde-ba Skt: du:kha (duhkha) |
| unified pair | A pair of items, joined inseparably, in which the initial attainment of both items occurs simultaneously. Sometimes used as a general term whether the initial attainment of both items occurs simultaneously or sequentially. (Jeffrey Hopkins: union) | Tib: zung-'jug Skt: yuganaddha |
| unimputed | ||
| universal | See: conceptual category | |
| universal, audio | See: audio category | |
| universal, collection | ||
| universal, kind | ||
| universal, meaning | See: mental category | |
| universal, object | ||
| universal, sound | See: audio category | |
| unlabored | A state of mind, such as bodhichitta, generated instantly without needing to work oneself up to it, with deliberate effort, through a series of steps, each of which entails a line of reasoning. | Tib: rtsol-med |
| unlabored bodhichitta | A bodhichitta aim that arises automatically and effortlessly, without need to build up to it through steps or by relying on lines of reasoning. | Tib: rtsol-med byang-sems |
| unmixed with confusion | See: untainted | |
| unspeakable action | An action that ripens into the experience of suffering by the person who commits it or into a hindrance to his or her spiritual practice. An action that cannot be spoken about with praise. (Jeffrey Hopkins: unseemliness; fault; blemish; blame) | Tib: kha-na ma-tho-ba Skt: avadya |
| unspeakable action, naturally | ||
| unspeakable action, naturally destructive | ||
| unspeakable action, prohibited | ||
| unspecified | ||
| unspecified phenomenon | A phenomenon that Buddha did not specify as being either constructive or destructive. Also called "ethically neutral." (Jeffrey Hopkins: not indicated in scripture; not prophesied; neutral) | Tib: lung ma-bstan Skt: avyakrta |
| unspecified phenomenon, nonobstructive | ||
| unspecified phenomenon, obstructive | ||
| untainted | Something that does not derive from a disturbing emotion or attitude, or is not related in any way with a disturbing emotion or attitude. Also translated as "unmixed with confusion" or "dissociated from confusion." Many translators render this term as "uncontaminated." (Jeffrey Hopkins: uncontaminated; non-contaminated; untainted; non-polluted) | Tib: zag-med Skt: anashrava |
| untainted aggregates | Aggregate factors of someone's experience that do not include the causes that will obtain for that being any further samsaric rebirths. | Tib: zag-med-kyi phung-po |
| upsetting | A way of being aware of something that shares five congruent features with craving for one's own tainted, obtainer aggregate factors of experience. (Jeffrey Hopkins: things; objects; disarranged; confused; various things) | Tib: zang-zing |
| urge | See: mental urge |
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z everything