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Tibetisches Glossar Buddhistischer Fachbegriffe
Dieses Glossar enthält bislang nur einen Teil der Fachbegriffe, die auf unserer Webseite verwendet werden. Mit weiterem Fortschreiten der Arbeit am Glossar werden wir weitere Begriffe hinzugefügen. Die Definitionen liegen bislang noch nicht in der deutschen Übersetzung vor, wir haben daher in diese Fassung des Glossars die englischen Definitionen aufgenommen.
Nur für einige ausgewählte tibetische Begriffe wurden auch die Entsprechungen des Sanskrit aufgenommen, außerdem wurden die diakritischen Zeichen für die Transliteration des Sanskrit weggelassen, um eine Anzeige in allen Browsern zu ermöglichen.
Wählen Sie einen der folgenden Buchstaben. Es werden dann alle Glossareinträge mit diesem Anfangsbuchstaben angezeigt:
' A B C D G K L M N P R S T Y Z alles
| Tibetisch | Deutsch | Englisch | Sanskrit / Pali | Definition (Teilweise Englisch) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rang bces-par 'dzin-pa | Selbstbezogenheit / sich nur um das eigene Wohl kümmern | self-cherishing | The attitude with which one considers oneself as the most important being and has affection for and takes care of only oneself. | |
| rang-byung ye-shes | selbstentstehendes tiefes Gewahrsein | self-arising deep awareness | In Nyingma, the aspect of pure awareness (rigpa) that automatically arises with awareness of its own two truths or its own threefold nature. Synonymous with reflexive deep awareness. | |
| rang-bzhin | funktionelle Natur | functional nature | The nature of a phenomenon defined in terms of the function that the phenomenon performs. | |
| rang-bzhin | Selbstnatur | self-nature | Something on the side of an object or phenomenon that (1) establishes the existence, in general, of the object or phenomenon and (2) establishes, as well, what the object or phenomenon is. A self-nature may do this either by its own power alone, or by its own power in conjunction with mental labeling. The term may also be translated as "self-establishing nature." | |
| rang-bzhin dbyer-med | natürliche Untrennbarkeit | natural inseparability | The relationship between two items, in which when one is the case or is occurring, then automatically so is the other. | |
| rang-bzhin gnas-rigs | natürlich andauernde Familieneigenschaften | naturally abiding family-traits | (1) In the Chittamatra system, the seeds that, without beginning, are imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being and which serve as factors allowing that being to attain one of the three purified states. (2) In the Madhyamaka systems, the voidnesses imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being. | |
| rang-bzhin-gyi kha-na ma-tho-ba | natürlicherweise nicht lobenswertener Handlungen | naturally uncommendable action | A negative action which, because it is destructive by nature, ripens into the experience of suffering by anyone who commits it. | |
| rang-bzhin-gyi mya-ngan 'das | natürliches Nirvana | natural nirvana | Equivalent to voidness (emptiness), the natural state of all phenomena being released from impossible ways of existing. Asserted only by the Mahayana tenet systems. | |
| rang-bzhin-gyis grub-pa | Existenz, die durch Selbstnatur begründet ist | existence established by self-nature | Existence of something established or proven by the fact that the referent object of the imputation of it can be found upon searching for it. For example, the existence of a table established or proven by the fact that when one searches for the object that the mental label "table" refers to, one can find the object, a "table." Also translated as "self-established existence," it is often translated by others as "inherent existence." | |
| rang-gi mtshan-nyid | individuelle definierendes charakteristisches Merkmal | individual defining characteristic mark | Skt.: svalakshana | Something findable on the side of an object that establishes the identity or features of that object and which serves as the basis for that object being labeled by the names, words, and concepts for it, as well as for its qualities. |
| rang-mtshan | objektive Entität | objective entities | Skt.: svalakshana | In the Sautrantika and Chittamatra tenet systems, those phenomena, the existence of which is established by their not being merely imputed by conceptual cognition. They include all nonstatic phenomena. According to Sautrantika, they include all nonstatic phenomena and are deepest true phenomena; according to Chittamatra, they include not only all nonstatic superficial true phenomena, but also the static deepest true phenomena of voidnesses, true stoppings, and nirvanas. (1) In the Gelug tradition, the appearing objects of only valid nonconceptual cognitions, although they are what actually appears and can be validly cognized in both valid nonconceptual and conceptual cognition. (2) In the non-Gelug systems, they can only be validly cognized by valid nonconceptual cognition. Also translated as "individually characterized phenomena." |
| rang-ngo | eigenes Angesicht/Anlitz | own face | The manner of existence and good qualities of pure awareness (rig-pa) as can be cognized by reflexive deep awareness. | |
| rang-ngo shes-pa | Gewahrsein seines eigenen Angesichts | awareness of its own face | Das Gewahrsein seines eigenen Angesichts bezeichnet bei einem reinen Gewahrsein (Rigpa) die nichtkonzeptuelle Wahrnehmung von seiner eigenen Natur. | |
| rang-rgyal | Pratyekabuddha | pratyekabuddha | Skt.: pratyekabuddha | Literally, "self-realizers" or "self-evolvers" - practitioners of the Hinayana vehicle who, motivated by renunciation, strive to attain liberation from uncontrollably recurring rebirth (samsara) and to become an arhat (liberated being). They live during dark ages when the teachings of a Buddha are no longer available. They do not study with Buddhist spiritual teachers, because there are none at such times, and they teach others only subtly, through gestures, since people are not receptive. Living either singly ("like a rhinoceros") or in small groups, they must rely on their instincts from previous lives to recall and master the Dharma. Some translators render the term as "solitary Buddhas." |
| rang-rgyal 'phags-pa | Arya-Pratyekabuddha | arya pratyekabuddha | Skt.: arya prtatyekabuddha | A pratyekabuddha that has attained nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths. See also: pratyekabuddha. |
| rang-rgyal dgra-bcom | Pratyekabuddha-Arhat | pratyekabuddha arhat | Skt.: pratyekabuddha arhat | A pratyekabuddha that has attained liberation. See also: pratyekabuddha. |
| rang-rig | reflexives Gewahrsein | reflexive awareness | (1) The cognitive faculty within a cognition, asserted in the Sautrantika and Chittamatra tenet systems, that takes as its cognitive object the consciousness within the cognition that it is part of. It also cognizes the validity or invalidity of the cognition that it is part of, and accounts for the ability to recall the cognition. (2) In the non-Gelug schools, this cognitive faculty becomes reflexive deep awareness -- that part of an arya's nonconceptual cognition of voidness that cognizes the two truths of that nonconceptual cognition. | |
| rang-rig ye-shes | reflexives tiefes Gewahrsein | reflexive deep awareness | (1) In Kagyu and Sakya, that aspect of an arya's nonconceptual cognition of voidness that cognizes its own two-truth nature. (2) In Nyingma, that aspect of pure awareness (rigpa) that cognizes its own two truths or its own threefold nature. Synonymous with self-arising deep awareness. | |
| rang-rkya thub-pa'i rdzas-yod | eigenständig erkennbar | self-sufficiently knowable | A validly knowable phenomenon that, when actually cognized, does not rely on actual cognition of or by something else, for instance actual cognition of the object's basis for labeling. | |
| rang-snang | reflexive Erscheinung | reflexive appearance | An appearance of a cognitive object that arises automatically from a person's clear light mind itself. Such an appearance may be either impure (with an appearance of truly established existence) or pure (without such an appearance). | |
| rang-stong | Selbstleerheit | self-voidness | The absence of any phenomenon existing, by "self"-nature, in an impossible manner. | |
| ras-bris-kyi dkyil-'khor | Stoffmandala | cloth mandala | Ein Stoffmandala ist ein zwei-dimensionales Symbol, das auf ein Stück Stoff gemalt worden ist. Das Stoffmandala lässt sich mit einer architektonischen Blaupause eines dreidimensionalen Palastes, der Umgebung und den Buddhagestalten vergleichen, die sich in einem symbolischen Weltensystems befinden. Das Stoffmandala wird bei der Übertragung von tantrischen Ermächtigungen verwendet. | |
| rdo-rje-i sku | Vajra-Körper | Vajra Corpus | Skt.: vajrakaya | In some dzogchen systems, the voidness factor of the deep awareness of a Buddha's pure awareness (rigpa); the unchanging nature of the other corpuses of a Buddha. Also called Vajra Body. |
| rdo-rje slob-dpon | tantrischer Meister | tantric master | Skt.: vajracarya | A spiritual mentor who confers on disciples tantric vows. According to some commentaries, a spiritual mentor who confers on disciples empowerments and subsequent permissions from any of the classes of tantra. |
| rdo-rje theg-pa | Vajrayana | Vajrayana | Skt.: vajrayana | The Diamond-strong Vehicle of Mind, within Mahayana, that makes use of the tantra methods. Synonymous with "Mantrayana" and "Tantrayana." |
| rdul-phran-gyi dkyil-'khor | Mandala aus gestreutem Sand | powdered sand mandala | A two-dimensional representation, made of powdered colored minerals, which is like an architectural blueprint of the three-dimensional palace, environment, and Buddha-figures of a symbolic world system, and used for conferring a tantric empowerment. | |
| rdzas | Ursprungsquelle // Geburtsquelle | natal source | Skt.: dravya | That which gives rise to something, such as a womb for a baby or an oven for a loaf of bread. |
| rdzogs-byed-kyi las | vervollständigendes Karma | completing karma | Das vervollständigende Karma ist ein geistiger Drang oder Impuls, der von einer relativ schwachen Motivation begleitet wird, und daher, als Wirkung dieses geistigen Drangs, lediglich die Kraft hat [Stärke besitzt] jene Umstände heranzureifen, die die Bedingungen für eine zukünftige Wiedergeburt vervollständigen. | |
| rdzogs-chen | Dzogchen | dzogchen | Das Dzogchen bezeichnet ein Mahayana-System oder eine Mahayana-Praxis in den Nyingma-, Bön-, Karma-Kagyü-, Drugpa-Kagyü- und Drigung-Kagyü-Traditionen. Die Praktiken befassen sich damit einen Zugang zu Rigpa zu erlangen, d.h. zu seinem eigenen reinen Gewahrsein, und zu erkennen, dass dieses bereits vollständig alle guten Qualitäten besitzt. Dzogchen wird als "die große Vollendung" übersetzt. | |
| rdzogs-rim | Stufe der Vollständigkeit / Vollständigkeitsstufe | complete stage | Skt.: sampannakrama | (1) Die zweite Stufe von Praktiken des Anuttarayoga-Tantra, in der jetzt alles vollständig ist, um sich in Praktiken zu üben, die als unmittelbare Ursache für das Erlangen der Erleuchtung dienen [fungieren]. Diese Praktiken beinhalten das Arbeiten mit den Chakren, Kanälen und Winden des subtilen Körpers. (2) in einigen Nicht-Gelug-Texten bezeichnet die Stufe der Vollständigkeit die nichtkonzeptuelle Meditation über die Leerheit der zuvor, während der ersten Stufe des Anuttarayoga-Tantra, erzeugten Visualisationen. Diese Meditation über ein nicht abzählbares endgültiges Phänomen wird, auf der selben Stufe der Praxis, gleichzeitig mit der Visualisation durchgeführt, and vervollständigt die Visualisationspraxis auf diese Weise. Einige Übersetzer übertragen den Begriff mit "Vollendungsstufe". |
| rdzu-'phrul | außerphysische Emanation | extraphysical emanations | Skt.: rddhi | Physical bodies having abilities that are beyond the usual capacity of the body -- such as the ability to run great distances at an incredible speed, to fly, to increase or decrease in size, to multiply, to walk on water, to pass beneath the earth, and so on -- which are produced (emanated) from karma, recitation of mantra, the power of specially consecrated substances, or the power of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana). |
| rdzu-'phrul-gyi mngon-shes | höher entwickeltes Gewahrsein außerphysischer Emanation | advanced awareness for extraphysical emanation | Eine Wahrnehmung, die in der Lage ist, viele verschiedene simultane Emanationen zu erzeugen, die irgendeinen der folgenden drei Arten ist: (1) körperliche Emanationen, die aus den Elementen Erde, Wasser, Feuer, Wind und Raum zusammengesetzt sind, (2) sprachliche Emanationen - in der Weise sprechen, dass verschiedene Menschen die Worte in ihrer eigenen Sprache und auf ihrem Verständnisniveau verstehen können, oder (3) geistige Emanationen von Gedanken und Ebenen des Geistes, wie zum Beispiel das Gewahrsein vieler Bedeutungsebenen eines Absatzes in einem Dharma-Text. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine von sechs Arten höher entwickelten Gewahrseins, die als ein Nebenprodukt des Erlangens eines verwirklichten Zustandes der ersten Ebenen geistiger Stabilität (dem ersten Dhyana) . | |
| reg-pa | Kontaktbewusstsein | contacting awareness | Skt.: sparsha | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that differentiates that the object of a cognition is pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral, and thus serves as the foundation for experiencing it with a feeling of happiness, unhappiness, or a neutral feeling. |
| rga-shi | Altern und Sterben | aging and dying | In a particular rebirth, the period starting immediately after the moment of conception and ending with the moment of death. | |
| rgod-pa | Flatterhaftigkeit des Geistes / geistige Flatterhaftigkeit | flightiness of mind | The mental factor with which the mind wanders to an object of attraction, due to desire for it or attachment, and which faults the mental abiding of mindfulness's mental hold on an object of focus. Sometimes translated as "mental agitation." | |
| rgyal-ba | Glorreiche, der | Triumphant One | Skt.: jina | An epithet of a Buddha - one who has triumphed over the emotional and cognitive obscurations. Some translators render the term as "Victorious One." |
| rgyan | Filigranschmuck | filigree | Skt.: alamkara | A piece of jewelry made of fine, intricately intertwined wires. A word used in the titles of many Buddhist texts to indicate that the subject matter is presented in a manner resembling a filigree, in which the various topics are intricately intertwined, resulting in a beautiful, elegant presentation of the material. Usually translated by others as "ornament." |
| rgyas-'gyur-gyi rigs | sich entwickelnde Familieneigenschaften | evolving family-traits | (1) In the Chittamatra system, the tendencies (seeds) that, newly gained by listening, contemplating and meditating on Buddha's teachings, are imputable on the basis of the stained minds of each limited being and which serve as factors allowing that being to attain arya pathway minds. (2) In the Svatantrika-Madhyamaka system, the factors, imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being, that are fit to become the essential nature of a deep awareness Dharmakaya. (3) In the Prasangika-Madhyamaka system, the factors imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being that are fit to become the essential natures of a Corpus of Forms and a deep awareness Dharmakaya of a Buddha. | |
| rgyas-pa | die guten Eigenschaften anderer anregen (Wachstum) | stimulating others' good qualities | Also translated as "increase." | |
| rgyu | Ursache | cause | Skt.: hetu | A nonstatic phenomenon able to bring about the production or arising of something. |
| rgyu'i kun-slong | kausales motivierendes Ziel | causal motivating aim | What someone intends or aims to do just before starting to do something and which causes the person to do it. | |
| rgyu'i rkyen | ursächliche Bedingungen | causal conditions | Skt.: hetupratyaya | All the causes that have the power to produce a specific result. |
| rgyu'i skyabs-'gro | ursächliches Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung | causal taking of safe direction | Mit dem Begriff "ursächliches Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung" wird das Einschlagen einer sicheren Ausrichtung (Zufluchtnahme) bezeichnet, in der die Quellen einer sicheren Ausrichtung die Personen oder Phänomene sind, die als Ursachen für die eigene Erlangung der drei Juwelen, wirken, nämlich von Buddha, Dharma und Sangha, die bereits von anderen erlangt worden sind. Der Begriff "ursächliches Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung" ist synonym mit dem Begriff "bloßes Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung". | |
| rgyud | Tantra | tantra | Skt.: tantra | (1) An everlasting stream of continuity. On the causal level, the mental continuum, with its various aspects of Buddha-nature. On the pathway level, the continuity of practices involving Buddha-figures. On the resultant level, the continuity of the various corpuses or bodies of a Buddha. (2) The texts that discuss the above topics. |
| rgyu-dus-kyi rnam-shes-kyi yan-lag | aufgeladenes Bewusstsein zum Zeitpunkt der Ursache | link of loaded consciousness at the time of the cause | The first phase of the third of the twelve links of dependent arising, the link of loaded consciousness. A mental continuum containing the karmic aftermath of throwing karma during the lifetime in which the karmic action producing it has occurred. The first part of the third link of dependent arising, the link of loaded consciousness. | |
| rgyun | Strom von Kontinuität | stream of continuity | Eine Abfolge von Momenten von etwas. | |
| rig-gnas lnga | fünf Hauptgebiete des Wissens | five major fields of knowledge | **a) Kunst und Kunsthandwerk, b) Medizin, c) Sprachen und Grammatik, d) Logik und e) geheime oder außerordentliche Selbsterkenntnis | |
| rig-pa | reines Gewahrsein | pure awareness | In the dozgchen system, the subtlest level of awareness, which is totally untainted by any of the fleeting stains of mental obscurations. It is devoid of all grosser levels of awareness and yet permeates all of them, and it spontaneously establishes pure appearances. Often left untranslated as "rigpa." | |
| rigs-'dra'I rgyu | Ursache der gleichen Art | similar family cause | Skt.: sajatiyakaranam | Die Ursache gleicher Art ist eine Ursache, die zur selben Familie oder Kategorie von Phänomen gehört wie die Wirkung. Zum Beispiel ist die Vorlage zur Herstellung einer Vase die Ursache gleicher Art für die Vase, die man gerade herstellt. |
| rigs-nges-pa'i byang-sems | Bodhisattva- Arhats eindeutiger Linie / Bodhisattva-Arhats der bestimmten Linie | bodhisattva arhats of definite lineage | Bodhisattvas who have been definite about their lineage as bodhisattvas from before attaining arhatship and thus who have attained arhatship as bodhisattvas and not as shravakas or pratyekabuddhas before developing bodhichitta. | |
| rigs-pa bzhi | vier Axiome | four axioms | The four axioms for examining a Dharma teaching in order to accept its validity: (1) dependency, (2) functionality, (3) establishment by reason, and (4) the nature of things. | |
| rigs-spyi | geistige Artsynthese | kind mental synthesis | The type of phenomenon that a specific individual item is an instance of, such as "a table" imputed on a specific instance of something having legs and a flat surface. This is equivalent to the conventional identity of something. | |
| ring-brgyud | entfernte Linie | distant lineage | The lineage of a teaching that began with Buddha himself. | |
| rjes-dpag | schlussfolgernde Wahrnehmung | inferential cognition | Skt.: anumana | A valid conceptual way of cognizing an obscure object through reliance on a correct line of reasoning as its basis. |
| rjes-snang | anschließende Erlaubnis | subsequent permission | A tantric ritual for a specific Buddha-figure, received in order to strengthen further the Buddha-nature factors that were previously activated with a full empowerment. Usually called by its Tibetan name, "jenang." | |
| rjes-thob | nachfolgende Erlangung | subsequent attainment | A state of mind having the joined pair of shamatha and vipashyana, and in which absorbed concentration is focused single-pointedly on a voidness that is like an illusion. It is attained only upon rising from total absorption on space-like voidness and may occur either while still in meditation or after arising from meditation. It may be either conceptual or nonconceptual. Sometimes translated as "subsequent realization." Other translators often render the term as "post-meditation." | |
| rkyen | Bedingung | condition | Skt.: pratyaya | A nonstatic phenomenon that helps shape the conventional identity of something that is produced or arises from causes. |
| rlung | Energiewind | energy-wind | Skt.: prana | Also called: energy-wind breaths |
| rlung phra-mo | subtiler Energiewind | subtle energy-winds | Subtle forms of energy that move within the subtle energy-channels of the subtle body and which are the "mount" (the physical basis) for consciousness, either in nonconceptual or conceptual cognition, transporting it through the subtle body. Through anuttarayoga complete stage practices, one can cause them to enter, abide, and dissolve in the central energy-channel and thereby make manifest the subtlest clear light mind. | |
| rmad-du byung-ba | fabelhafte Berichte | fabulous accounts | Skt.: adbhutadharma | Descriptions of such marvelous, wondrous things as the wisdom, extra-physical powers and saintly deeds of the Buddhas, pratyekabuddhas (self-realizers), and shravakas (listeners). One of the twelve scriptural categories. |
| rmongs-cha | Benommenheit | dumbfoundedness | In the dzogchen system, a nominal disturbing attitude, equivalent to automatically arising unawareness regarding phenomena, which obscures rigpa's (pure awareness's) knowing its own nature. Some translators render it as "bedazzlement" or "stupidity," but it has nothing to do with intelligence. | |
| rmongs-pa | Verwirrung | bewilderment | Ein naiver Geisteszustand des Nicht-Wissens in Bezug auf das, was geschieht. | |
| rmugs-pa | geistige Umnebelung | foggy-mindedness | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of a heavy feeling of body and mind that makes the mind unclear, unserviceable, and incapable either of giving rise to a cognitive appearance of its object or of apprehending the object correctly. | |
| rNal-'byor spyod-pa | Yogachara | Yogachara | Another name for the Chittamatra school of Indian Buddhism. | |
| rnam-'phrul | wundersame Emanation | miraculous emanations | Skt.: vikurvana | (1) In mahamudra and dzogchen texts, a descriptive synonym for the mental aspects (mental appearances, mental holograms) that are produced by the clarity aspect of the mind and which are directly cognized by conceptual or nonconceptual cognition. (2) A synonym for extraphysical emanations. |
| rnam-g.yeng | geistige Abschweifung / Abschweifung | mental wandering | A subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that causes the mind to lose concentration and to go on and on, uncontrollably from one object to another, due to any reason. | |
| rnam-grangs ma-yin-pa'I don-dam | Nicht (mit Worten) erfassbares letztendliches Phänomen | nondenumerable ultimate phenomenon | Voidnesses that are validly cognized nonconceptually. They are "nondenumerable" in the sense that they cannot be counted among what appears to minds validly cognizing phenomena through mentally labeling them with words and concepts, thus they are voidnesses that are "beyond words and beyond concepts." | |
| rnam-grangs-pa'I don-dam | mit Worten erfassbare letzendliche Phänomene | denumerable ultimate phenomenon | Voidnesses that are validly cognized conceptually. They are "denumerable" in the sense that they can be counted among what appears to minds validly cognizing phenomena through mentally labeling them with words and concepts. | |
| rnam-pa | geistiges Erscheinungsbild | mental aspect | Skt.: akara | A nonstatic mental hologram, asserted by all Indian Buddhist tenet systems other than Vaibhashika, that is a likeness of an object of cognition, and which both conceptual and nonconceptual mental activity produces in order to cognize the object; the "mental shape" of the appearing object of a cognition. (1) According to Gelug, except in the case of Chittamatra and Yogachara Svatantrika, they are fully transparent so that through them, one directly cognizes external objects. (2) According to non-Gelug, they are opaque and thus allow only indirect cognition of external objects. |
| rnam-par rig-byed-kyi gzugs | offenbarende Form | revealing form | Skt.: vijnaptirupa | A form of physical phenomenon, asserted in the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika schools, that shows (reveals) the motivation behind it, and which may be a constructive, destructive or unspecified phenomenon. Examples are the shape of one's body when performing an action, the sound of the words when one speaks, the expression on someone's face, and so on. In general, such a phenomenon may be either one of the five sensory objects or one of the five sensory cognitive sensors. |
| rnam-par rig-byed ma-yin-pa'i gzugs | nichtoffenbarende Form | nonrevealing form | Skt.: avijnaptirupa | A subtle form of physical phenomenon, asserted only by the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika schools, that is caused by a strong constructive or destructive motivation, but which does not show ("reveal") that motivation. Such a phenomenon is part of a mental continuum, but is not felt on that continuum; it does not degenerate from moment to moment; it can only be an object of mental cognition; and it must be either constructive or destructive. Examples are vows and one aspect of karmic impulses. |
| rnam-shes | Bewusstsein | consciousness | Skt.: vijnana | Eine Gruppe der Weise, etwas gewahr zu sein, die lediglich die essentielle Natur seines Objektes wahrnimmt, wie beispielsweise eine Ansicht, ein Klang oder ein Geistesobjekt etc. Das Bewusstsein kann dabei entweder sinnlich oder geistig sein |
| rnam-shes | Primärbewusstsein | primary consciousness | Skt.: vijnana | Das Primärbewusstsein ist, innerhalb (des Vorgangs) der Wahrnehmung eines Objektes, das Gewahrsein, das sich lediglich auf die essentielle Natur eines Objektes ausrichtet [konzentriert]. Das Primärbewusstsein hat die Identitäts-Natur eines individualisierenden Gewahrsein. |
| rnam-shes | spezifisches Gewahrsein | specific awareness | Skt.: vijnana | In the Karma Kagyu system, the aspect of mental activity that is aware of the specific type of awareness of an object that has arisen and the specific object that it is aware of. In a looser sense, awareness of the details that have arisen and one is aware of in a cognition. |
| rnam-shes-kyi phung-po | Aggregat des Primärbewusstseins | aggregate of primary consciousnesses | Skt.: vijnana-skandha | Einer der fünf Aggregat-Faktoren der Erfahrung. Das Netzwerk aller Vorgänge des geistigen Bewusstseins oder irgendeiner der fünf Arten sinnlichen Bewusstseins, die Teil jeden Augenblick des Erlebens im Geisteskontinuum eines Lebewesens sein könnten. Dieser Aggregat-Faktor umfasst auch alle Vorgänge verblendeten Gewahrseins und alle Vorgänge des alles umfassenden grundlegenden Bewusstseins innerhalb der philosophischen Systeme, die diese beiden bestätigen. Das Aggregat des Primärbewusstseins für auch als "Aggregat des Bewusstseins" bezeichnet. Einige Übersetzer übertragen den Begriff mit "Aggregat des Hauptbewusstseins". |
| rnam-smin-gyi 'bras-bu | gereiftes Ergebnis | ripened result | Skt.: vipakaphalam | A nonobstructive unspecified item conjoined with the mental continuum of a limited being, such as the body, consciousness, and feelings of happiness and unhappiness, and which comes from a ripening cause that was also conjoined with his or her mental continuum. |
| rnam-smin-gyi rgyu | reifenden Ursachen | ripening cause | Skt.: vipakahetu | A destructive or tainted constructive phenomenon that, unless one has rid one's mental continuum forever of craving, has the power to produce the nonobstructive unspecified items contained in the five aggregate factors of future rebirth states, such as the body, the types of consciousness, and the feelings. |
| rNying-ma | Nyingma | Nyingma | The Old Translation Period tradition of Tibetan Buddhism deriving from Guru Rinpoche, Padmasambhava. | |
| rtag-pa | Statischsein | staticness | Skt.: nitya | The noncongruent affecting variable of not changing from moment to moment. Sometimes translated as "permanence." |
| rtag-pa | statisches Phänomen | static phenomenon | Skt.: nitya | Phenomena that are unaffected by causes and circumstances and, consequently, do not change from moment to moment and do not produce any effects. Somewhat similar to unchanging facts, they are imputed about some validly knowable phenomenon and only exist and can be validly known so long as the basis for their imputation lasts. Sometimes translated as "static abstractions." Some translators render the term as "permanent phenomena." |
| rten-'brel yan-lag bcu-gnyis | zwölf Glieder des abhängigen Entstehens | twelve links of dependent arising | The twelve-part mechanism whereby the existence of all samsaric phenomena, especially those of future rebirth, are established by reliance on unawareness: (1) unawareness, (2) affecting impulses, (3) loaded consciousness, (4) nameable mental faculties with or without gross form, (5) stimulators of cognition, (6) contacting awareness, (7) feeling a level of happiness, (8) craving, (9) an obtainer, (10) further existence, (11) conception, and (12) aging and dying. | |
| rten-cing 'brel-bar 'byung-ba | bedingtes Entstehen | dependent arising | Skt.: pratityasamutpada | The reliance of something on something other than itself for establishing its existence. (1) The reliance of all samsaric phenomena on unawareness for establishing their existence; (2) the reliance of all functional, nonstatic phenomena on causes and conditions for establishing their existence; (3) the reliance of both static and nonstatic phenomena on their parts for establishing their existence; (4) the reliance of all phenomena on mental labeling for establishing their existence. Also translated as "dependent origination." |
| rten-pa'i dkyil-'khor | unterstützendes Mandala | supporting mandala | The immeasurably magnificent palace of a symbolic world system, together with the environment around it, visualized in tantra practice. | |
| rtog-bcas | konzeptuell | conceptual | Together with a concept. | |
| rtog-med shes-pa | nichtkonzeptuelle Wahrnehmung | nonconceptual cognition | Cognition of an object, without that cognition being through the medium of a universal, a category, or a mental label. | |
| rtog-pa | Konzept | concept | A general term for a universal, a category, or a mental label. A concept of something need not be verbal. For example, one has a concept of what a pretty face looks like, what one's mother looks like, what a good soup tastes like, what a properly tuned guitar sounds like, what a valid line of reasoning is, what one plus one equals, and so on. | |
| rtog-pa | konzeptuelle Wahrnehmung | conceptual cognition | Die Wahrnehmung eines Objekts durch das Medium einer metaphysischen Einheit, und zwar durch ein Allgemeines, eine Kategorie oder eine geistige Bezeichnung. Die konzeptuelle Wahrnehmung schreibt dem Objekt eine metaphysischen Einheit zu, die den geistigen Aspekt, den sie annimmt ähnelt, und sie vermischt und verwechselt die beiden. | |
| rtog-pa | grobes Feststellen | gross detection | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that investigates something roughly, such as detecting if there are mistakes on a page. According to Asanga, one of the four changeable subsidiary awarenesses. Also translated as "investigation." | |
| rtogs-pa | begreifen | apprehend | Ein Objekt sowohl korrekt als auch entschlussfreudig [***bestimmt] kognitiv annehmen. | |
| rtogs-pa | Verwirklichung | realization | A stable, correct understanding of some point in the Dharma, such as voidness, which brings about a lasting attainment and change in the person who has it. Compare: "attainment". | |
| rtogs-pa | stabile Verwirklichung | stable realization | In mahamudra meditation, the state of mind in which the meditator has nonconceptual bare cognition of there being no dualism of meditator and meditation. | |
| rtogs-par brjod-pa | erläuternde Berichte | illustrative accounts | Skt.: avadana | Teachings of Buddha given with examples for ease of comprehension by the listener. One of the twelve scriptural categories. |
| rtsa-ba'i bla-ma | Wurzelguru | root guru | The spiritual teacher that inspires one the most, such that his or her inspiration serves as the root giving sustenance to one's spiritual growth. | |
| rtsal-gyi rig-pa | strahlendes Rigpa | effulgent rigpa | Strahlendes Rigpa bezeichnet das reine Gewahrsein (rigpa) aus dem Blickwinkel seines Aspektes spontan Erscheinungen hervorzubringen. Strahlendes Rigpa ist synonym mit dem Begriff "Erscheinungs-hervorbringendes grundlegendes Rigpa". | |
| rtsa-ltung | Übertretung der Wurzelgelübde | root downfall | A transgression of a root bodhisattva or root tantric vow, which, if it is a full transgression, acts as a root for falling to rebirth in one of the worse rebirth states. | |
| rtsol-bcas | erarbeitet | labored | A state of mind, such as bodhichitta, generated by working oneself up to it, with deliberate effort, through a series of steps, each of which entails a line of reasoning. | |
| rtsol-med | mühelos | unlabored | A state of mind, such as bodhichitta, generated instantly without needing to work oneself up to it, with deliberate effort, through a series of steps, each of which entails a line of reasoning. | |
| rtsol-med byang-sems | müheloses Bodhichitta | unlabored bodhichitta | A bodhichitta aim that arises automatically and effortlessly, without need to build up to it through steps or by relying on lines of reasoning. |