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Dieses Glossar enthält bislang nur einen Teil der Fachbegriffe, die auf unserer Webseite verwendet werden. Mit weiterem Fortschreiten der Arbeit am Glossar werden wir weitere Begriffe hinzugefügen. Die Definitionen liegen bislang noch nicht in der deutschen Übersetzung vor, wir haben daher in diese erste Fassung des Glossars vorläufig die englischen aufgenommen. Sie werden durch die deutschen Definitionen ersetzt, sobald die Arbeit daran abgeschlossen ist.
Nur für einige ausgewählte tibetische Begriffe wurden auch die Entsprechungen des Sanskrit aufgenommen, außerdem wurden die diakritischen Zeichen für die Transliteration des Sanskrit weggelassen, um eine Anzeige in allen Browsern zu ermöglichen.
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| Tibetisch | Deutsch | Definition - Englisch | English | Sanskrit (Pali) |
| ‘bras-bu | Ebene des Ergebnisses | The level of a fully enlightened Buddha, attained as the result of Mahayana practice. | level, resultant | |
| ‘bras-bu’i skyabs-‘gro | resultierendes Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung | A taking of safe direction (refuge) that takes as its sources of safe direction the Triple Gem that one will attain oneself in the future, based on actualizing one‘s own Buddha-nature. Synonymous with "special taking of safe direction." | resultant taking of safe direction | |
| ‘char-ba, shar-ba | kognitives Entstehen | A cognitive appearance that has arisen on a mental continuum. See: dawn. | cognitive arising | |
| ‘chi-srid | Todes-Existenz | The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being during which they experience death. Unless one successfully does advanced anuttarayoga tantra meditations at this time, this period lasts only one moment. | death existence | |
| ‘dod-chags, chags-pa | Anhaftung | The disturbing emotion that exaggerates the good qualities of an object that one possesses and does not wish to let go of it. | attachment | raga |
| ‘dod-khams | Ebene des Sinnesbegehrens | Samsaric rebirth states in which the limited beings have desire for sensory objects. | plane of sensory desires | kamadhatu |
| ‘du-byed | beinflussende Impulse | The second of the twelve links of dependent arising. A karmic impulkse that will affect future lives; synonymous with "throwing karma." Some translators render the term as "karmic formations." | affecting impulses | samskara |
| ‘du-byed | beinflussende Variable / Einflussvariable | A phenomenon that continually changes (a nonstatic phenomenon) and which influences other nonstatic phenomenon to arise, in the sense that it contributes to causing them to happen. | affecting variable | samskara |
| ‘du-byed-kyi phung-po | Aggregat der anderen beeinflussenden Variablen | One of the five aggregate factors of experience. The network of all instances of subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors), other than feelings of levelks of happiness and distinguishing, as well as all instances of nonconcomitamnt affecting variables, that could be part of any moment of experience on someone‘s mental continuum. Some translators render the term as "aggregate of volitions" or "aggregate of karmic formations." | aggregate of other affecting variables | samskara-skandha |
| ‘dun-pa | Absicht / Intention | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) to obtain any object, to achieve any goal, or to do something with the object or goal once obtained or achieved. | intention | |
| ‘dus ma-byas | Phänomen, nichtbeinflusstes | A phenomenon that is not affected by causes or conditions. A synonym for static phenomenon. Often rendered by other translators as "unconditioned phenomenon." | unaffected phenomenon | asamskrtadharma |
| ‘dus-byas-kyi chos | beinflusstes Phänomen | A phenomenon that arises because of the influence of causes and conditions, and which changes because of constantly being influenced by causes and conditions. This refers to all nonstatic phenomena. Translators often render the term as "conditioned phenomenon." | affected phenomenon | samskrtadharma |
| ‘du-shes | Unterscheiden | One of the five ever-functioning subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors) that takes an uncommon characteristic feature of the appearing object of a nonconceptual cognition or an outstanding feature of the appearing object of a conceptual cognition, and ascribes a conventional significance to it, different from that of everything else that appears in the background within that cognition. It does not necessarily ascribe a name or mental label to its object, nor does it compare it with previously cognized objects. Some translators render the term as "recognition." | distinguish / distinguishing | samjna |
| ‘du-shes-kyi phung-po | Aggregat des Unterscheidens | One of the five aggregate factors of experience. The network of all instances of the subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of distinguishing that could be part of any moment of experience on someone‘s mental continuum. Some translators render the term as "aggregate of recognition." See: distinguishing. | aggregate of distinguishing | samjna-skandha |
| ‘dzin-pa | kognitiv aufnehmen (eines Objektes) | Cognizing an object - taking a validly knowable phenomenon as an object of cognition in the sense of cognizing it with either a valid or invalid way of knowing. | cognitively taking an object | graha |
| ‘gog-bden | wahre Beendigung | The elimination, forever, of some degree of either an emotional or a cognitive obscuration from a mental continuum. They occur only on the mental continuum of aryas -- those with nonconceptual cognition of voidness. Often translated as true cessation. | true stopping | |
| ‘gro-ba | wanderndes Wesen | A being that "wanders" from one uncontrollably recurring rebirth to the next; a being caught in samsara. | wandering being | gamin |
| ‘gro-ba rigs-drug | sechs Existenzbereiche | Literally, the six families of wandering beings. The six types of samsaric rebirth: (1) hell-beings (trapped beings in the joyless realms), (2) clutching ghosts (hungry ghosts), (3) animals (creeping creatures), (4) humans, (5) would-be divine beings (anti-gods), and (6) divine beings (gods). | six realms of existence | |
| ‘gyod-pa | Reue / Bedauern | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of not wishing to repeat doing something, either proper or improper, that one did or that someone else made one do. | regret | |
| ‘gyur-ba‘i sdug-bsngal | Leiden der Veränderung | The suffering of ordinary happiness, which never lasts, never satisfies, and which eventually turns into the suffering of suffering. | suffering of change | |
| ‘jig-rten-la grags-pa | allgemein verständliches Objekt | An external sensory object, extending over the sensibilia (sense data) of several senses and over time; what an ordinary person, when cogniziing one moment of the sensibilia of one sense, would impute and consider as an object with his or her common sense. See also: conventional commonsense object. | commonsense object | |
| ‘jig-rten-pa‘í chos-brgyad, ‘jig-rten chos-brgyad | acht vergänglichen Angelegenheiten des Lebens | Praise or criticism, good or bad news, gains or losses, things going well or poorly -- or, more specifically, the emotional ups and downs of overexcitement and depression in response to these eight. Also called the "eight worldly dharmas." | eight transitory things in life | |
| ‘jog-sgom | stabilisierende oder verankernde Meditation | A method for habituating oneself to an insight, understanding, or state of mind in which one focuses on an object with that desired insight, understanding, or state of mind and with full conviction in its validity, but without the mental factors of gross detection (investigation) or subtle discernment (scrutiny). Also translated sometimes as "fixating meditation." | stabilizing meditation | |
| ‘jug-sems, ‘jug-pa’i sems-bskyed | ausübendes Bodhichitta | A mind of bodhichitta which, when focused on one‘s own individual future enlightenment, is committed to attaining that enlightenment by having taken bodhisattva vows and which then enters into the type of behavior that will bring one to enlightenment. | engaged bodhichitta | |
| ‘khor-ba | Samsara (m) | Uncontrollably recurring rebirth under the power of disturbing emotions and attitudes and of karma. Some translators render it as "cyclic existence." | samsara | samsara |
| ‘khor-lo gsum | drei Kreise | Three aspects of an action that are all equally void of true existence: (1) the individual performing the action, (2) the object upon or toward which the action is committed, and (3) the action itself. Occasionally, as in the case of the action of giving, the object may refer to the object given. The existence of each of these is established dependently on the others. Sometimes translated as "the three spheres" of an action. | three circles | |
| ‘khrul-ba | trügerisch | Being mistaken or confusing with respect to the appearance of something. | deceptive | |
| ‘khrul-shes | trügerische Wahrnehmung | A cognition that takes a phenomenon‘s mode of existence that it makes appear -- namely, an appearance of its seemingly true existence -- to be the phenomenon‘s actual mode of existence. The deceptive cognition may be either accurate or distorted with respect to the appearance it makes of the superficial truth of what the phenomenon conventionally is. | deceptive cognition | |
| ‘khrul-snang | trügerische Erscheinung | A cognitive object that appears to exist in a manner different from the way in which it actually exists. | deceptive appearance | |
| ‘od-gsal | Gewahrsein des klaren Lichts | The subtlest level of mental activity (mind), which continues with no beginning and no end, without any break, even during death and even into Buddhahood. It is individual and constitutes the mental continuum of each being. It is naturally free of conceptual cognition, the appearance-making of true existence, and grasping for true existence, since it is more subtle than the grosser levels of mental activity with which these occur. It has nothing to do with "light." | clear light awareness | |
| ‘phags-lam | Arya-Pfadgeist | The three pathway minds of shravaka, pratyekabuddha, and bodhisattva aryas (those with nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths) -- namely, their seeing and accustoming pathway minds, and their pathway minds needing no further training. | arya pathway mind | aryamarga |
| ‘phags-pa | Arya | A practitioner who has had nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths and thus has attained a shravaka, pratyekabuddha, or bodhisattva seeing pathway of mind (path of seeing). Also called a "highly realized practitioner" or a "highly realized being." Some translators render the term as "noble one." | arya | arya |
| ‘phrin-las | beeinflussende Natur | One of the threefold natures of pure awareness (rigpa), refering to the enlightening influence it has on others. | influencing nature | |
| ‘phrin-las | erleuchtender Einfluss | The unceasing, unending, effortless activity of a Buddha, which helps bring all limited beings to higher rebirth, liberation, and enlightenment. Such activity does not require a Buddha actually doing anything: a Buddha‘s attainment itself exerts a positive influence on others to pacify disturbance, stimulate the growth of good qualities, being disorder under control, or forcefully end any harm. | enlightening influence | samudacara |
| a-nu yo-ga | Anuyoga | In the Nyingma system, the second of the three inner classes of tantra, emphasizing practices involving the subtle energy-system of winds, channels, and creative energy-drops. | anuyoga tantra | |
| a-ti-yo-ga | Atiyoga | In the Nyingma system, the second of the three classes of inner tantras, in which meditation practice involving the subtle energy channels and winds are emphasized. | atiyoga | |
| bag-chags | karmische Gewohnheit | A synonym for "karmic latency." | karmic habit | vasana |
| bag-chags | karmische Latenz | A general term for all karmic aftermath -- namely, karmic potentials, karmic tendencies, and karmic constant habits. | karmic latency | vasana |
| bag-chags | karmische ständige Gewohnheit | A type of karmic aftermath, imputable on one‘s mental continuum as an unspecified (ethically neutral) nonconcomitant affecting variable after having committed a karmic action, and which ripens into a result every moment until a true stopping of it has been achieved. Some translators render it as "habit" or "instinct." | karmic constant habit | vasana |
| bag-chags-kyi kun-gzhi | Alaya für Gewohnheiten | In the dzogchen system, foundational awareness for the habits of grasping for true existence, for karma, and for memories. The type of limited awareness that basis rigpa functions as, when it is mixed with dumbfoundedness. | alaya for habits | |
| bag-la nyal | schlafende Faktoren | Literally, something that is “asleep to the taste of the mind.” Affecting variables, associated with mental continuums, which are “lying down” and not rushing to manifest mind (consciousness). They include awareness, tendencies, and habits. | dormant factor | |
| bag-la nyal-gyi shes-pa | unterbewusste Wahrnehmung | A cognition in which the consciousness gives rise to a mental hologram of a cognitive object and, in which, the cognitive object appears, through that hologram, only to the consciousness of the subliminal cognition and only that consciousness cognizes it. The cognitive object of the subliminal cognition does to appear to the person and is not cognized by the person. Nor does it appear to or is it cognized by the consciousness of the manifest cognition that is simultaneously occurring and overpowering the subliminal cognition. | subliminal cognition | |
| bag-yod | sich kümmernde Geisteshaltung | The subsidiary awareness that takes seriously the situations of others and oneself, and the effects of one‘s actions on others and on oneself, and which consequently causes one to build up as a habit constructive attitudes and behavior and safeguards against leaning toward tainted or destructive attitudes and behavior. | caring attitude | apramada |
| bar-do | Bardo (m) | The state of existence in between the moment immediately after death until the moment immediately before conception. Translated as the "inbetween state." | bardo | |
| bar-do’i srid-pa | Bardo-Existenz | The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being starting from the moment immediately after death until the moment immediately before conception. | bardo existence | |
| bcad-pa | ausschließen | To cut off, dismiss, or reject something. | preclude | |
| bcad-shes | nachfolgende Wahrnehmung | One of the seven ways of knowing something: a nonfraudulent, but not fresh, cognition of an object. It is the second phase of a valid bare cognition or inferential cognition, and is asserted only by the Gelug Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Svatantrika tenet systems. | subsequent cognition | |
| bcas-pa‘i kha-na ma-tho-ba | Verbotene unsägliche Handlungen | Ethically neutral (unspecified) actions that Buddha prohibited for certain types of practitioners, for instance monks or nuns, as detrimental to their spiritual practice. | prohibited unspeakable action | |
| bcom-ldan-‘das | Alles Übertreffender Siegreicher Meister | An epithet of a Buddha - one who has conquered (vanquished) all obstacles, attained (mastered) all good qualities, and gone beyond (surpassed) any of the Hindu gods for whom the epithet Bhagavan has also been applied. Some translators render the term as "Blessed One." | Vanquishing Master Surpassing All | bhagavan |
| bcos-ma, bcos-bcas | künstlich | A state of mind mentally constructed through conceptual thought, such as by going through a line of reasoning. Also translated as artificial. | contrived | |
| bcos-med, bcos-ma ma-yin-pa | nichtkünstlich | A state of mind not mentally constructed by conceptual thought. Also translated as "unartificial." | uncontrived | |
| bdag-‘jug | Selbst-Initiation | A tantric meditation practice in which one visualizes receiving the entire empowerment (initiation) ritual for a Buddha-figure, performed in order to renew one‘s tantric vows. It may only be performed if one has done the serviceability retreat of that particular Buddha-figure and the fire-puja afterwards. | self-initiation | |
| bdag-bskyed | Selbst-Erzeugung | Synonymous with "sadhana." A meditation method in which one visualizes and imagines oneself to be a Buddha-figure for which one has received empowerment. See: sadhana. | self-generation | |
| bdag-med | Abwesenheit wahrer Identität | Also called: identitylessness, selflessness | lack of true identitiy | |
| bde-ba | Glücklichsein | That feeling which, when it stops, we wish to meet with it again. | happiness | sukha |
| bde-ba | glückseliges Gewahrsein | A state of mind, either tainted or untainted, characterized by varying levels of intensity of happiness. Some of the untainted ones can be utilized in anuttarayoga tantra practice as the type of awareness with which to focus on voidness, and as an aid for dissolving the energy-winds in the central channel in order to gain access to clear light awareness. | blissful awareness | sukha |
| bde-ba chen-po‘i sku | Körper der großen Glückseligkeit | See: Corpus of Great Bliss. | Body of Great Bliss | |
| bde-ba chen-po‘i sku | Körper großer Glückseligkeit | In the dzogchen system, the blissful awareness aspect of a Buddha‘s omniscient mind. | Corpus of Great Bliss | mahasukhakaya |
| bde-bar gshegs-pa | Glückselig Gegangener | An epithet of a Buddha - one who has reached the blissful goal of enlightenment through methods that produce happiness along the way to reaching that goal. | Blissfully Gone One | sugata |
| bden-‘dzin | Greifen nach wahrer Existenz | (1) Both to cognize (literally, take as a cognitive object) the appearance of the world as being truly existent, which the habits of this grasping cause the mind to fabricate and project, as well as believing this deceptive appearance to correspond to how things actually exist, (2) simply cognizing the appearance of the world as being truly existent, without actually believing this deceptive appearance to correspond to how things actually exist. | grasping for true existence | satyagraha |
| bden-pa | Wahrhaftigkeit / zu seinem Wort stehen | The mental state with which, once one gives one‘s word to do something to benefit others, one does not break one‘s promise. The seventh of the ten far-reaching attitudes developed by bodhisattvas according to the Theravada tradition. | being true to one‘s word | satya (Pali: sacca) |
| bden-pa gnyis | zwei Wahrheiten | (1) In Hinayana, two types of validly knowable phenomena into which all existent phenomena can be divided: superficially true and deepest true phenomena. (2) In Mahayana, two true facts that can be validly known about any existent phenomenon. | two truths | |
| bden-par grub-pa | wahre Existenz | (1) An impossible mode of existence mistakenly considered to be true. Existence established or proven (a) merely by the power of something on the side of an object and not in conjunction with being something imputable on a basis, according to Gelug Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, or (b) by the power of something on the side of an object, either by itself or in conjunction with being something imputable on a basis, according to Gelug Prasangika-Madhyamaka. (2) A mode of existence that is true. Existence established or proven by (a) arising from causes and conditions, according to Jetsunpa & Kunkhyen Gelug Sautrantika, or (b) the power of something on the side of an object, according to Panchen Gelug Sautrantika and Gelug Chittamatra. | true existence | |
| bden-par grub-pa | wahre nichtzugeschrieben Existenz | Existence established or proven merely by the power of something on the side of an object and not in conjunction with being something imputable on a basis. According to Madhyamaka, an impossible mode of existence mistakenly considered to be true. Also called "truly and unimputedly established existence." | true unimputed existence | |
| bden-par grub-pa | wahrhaft auffindbare Existenz | Existence established or proven by the power of something findable on the side of an object, either by itself or in conjunction with being something imputable on a basis. According to Gelug Prasangika-Madhyamaka, an impossible mode of existence mistakenly considered to be true. Also called "truly and findably established existence." | true findable existence | |
| bden-snang | Hervorbringen von Erscheinungen wahrer Existenz | The aspect of a limited being‘s mental activity that gives rise to (makes) a mental hologram of true existence. It makes the mental holograms of objects of cognition appear to be truly existent, in the sense in which the Madhyamaka schools define true existence. In the non-Gelug systems, it occurs only with conceptual cognition and it makes appearances of objects of cognition to be truly "this"s and "that"s. | appearance-making of true existence | |
| bdud | dämonische Kräft | Something that harms limited beings or causes interference and obstacles to constructive actions. | demonic force | mara |
| bla-med rnal-‘byor | Anuttarayoga-Tantra | In the Sarma (New Translation Period) Tibetan Buddhist schools, the fourth or highest class of tantra practice, emphasizing special internal methods for actualizing oneself as a Buddha-figure. | anuttarayoga tantra | |
| blo | Geisteshaltung / geistige Einstellung | A mental factor that takes its cognitive object by regarding it from a certain point of view. | attitude | |
| blo-gros | Intelligenz | The ability to discriminate between what is correct and what is incorrect, and between what is helpful and what is harmful. | intelligence | |
| blo-sbyong | Lojong | See: attitude-training. | lojong | |
| blo-sbyong | Training der Geisteshaltungen | A spiritual training in which one cleanses disturbing attitudes from one‘s mind and trains to replace them with constructive attitudes. Also called: cleansing of attitudes, mind-training, Lojong. | attitude-training | |
| brdar-btags-pa’i chos dkon-mchog | nominelles Darmajuwel / Dharmajuwel dem Namen nach | Printed Dharma texts, representing the Dharma as an actual source of safe direction and serving as a basis for showing respect to the actual Dharma Gem. | nominal Dharma Gem | |
| brdar-btags-pa’i dge-‘dun dkon-mchog | nominelles Sanghajuwel | Four or more people from any of the four groups of the monastic sangha (full or novice monks or nuns), representing the Sangha as an actual source of safe direction and serving as a basis for showing respect to the actual Sangha Gem. | nominal Sangha Gem | |
| brdar-btags-pa’i dkon-mchog | nominelles Juwel / Juwel dem Namen nach | Representations of the Three Rare and Supreme Gems, which themselves are not actual sources of safe direction, but which serve as a basis for showing respect to the them. | nominal gem | |
| brdar-btags-pa’i sangs-rgyas dkon-mchog | nominelles Buddhajuwel, buddhajuwel dem Namen nach | A painting or statue of a Buddha, representing Buddha as an actual source of safe direction and serving as a basis for showing respect to an actual Buddha Gem. | nominal Buddha Gem | |
| brten-pa’i dkyil-‘khor | unterstütztes Mandala | The set of Buddha-figures residing inside the immeasurably magnificent palace of a symbolic world system visualized in tantra practice. | supported mandala | |
| brtse-ba | Liebevolle Güte | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) with which one not only wishes others to be happy and to have the causes for happiness, but with one also acts towards others in a helpful manner. | loving-kindness | |
| brtson-‘grus | freudige Ausdauer | The mental factor of zestful vigor for being or doing something constructive. It implies taking joy in such things and enduring with them, despite any difficulties. | joyful perseverance | virya, (Pali: viriya) |
| brtul-zhugs | gezügeltes Verhalten | Ethical behavior with which one both restrains oneself from destructive actions and engages in constructive ones. | tamed behaviour | |
| bsam-gtan | geistige Stabilität | Single-pointed placement of the mind on any constructive focal object, without any mental wandering -- a stable state of mind that is not only free of flightiness and dullness, but is also not distracted by any disturbing emotion. One of the six far-reaching attitudes (six perfections). Some translators render the term as "concentration." | mental stability | dhyana |
| bsdud-pa-las gyur-pa‘i gzugs | Formen physischer Phänomene, die andere Dinge bilden, indem sie sich ansammeln | Forms of physical phenomena that can only be known by mental cognition and which are the invisible objects, such as atoms and subatomic particles, that make up visible objects. | forms of physical phenomena that make up other things by amassing together | |
| bsdus-grva | Mengenlehre | Set theory has to do with the logical pervasions between two or more sets -- mutually exclusive, totally congruent, overlapping, etc. A set is a collection or a group of many items, like the set of all nonstatic phenomena. | set theory | dura |
| bshes-gnyen bsten-pa | Zu einem spirituellen Mentor eine gesunde Beziehung aufbauen | Entrusting oneself, through mind and actions, to a fully qualified spiritual mentor. Also called: relying on a spiritual mentor, entrusting onself to a spiritual mentor, whole-hearted commitment to a spiritual mentor. Often translated as: guru-devotion. | relating to a spiritual mentor in a healthy manner | |
| bskyed-rim | Erzeugungsstufe | The first stage of anuttarayoga practice, during which one uses the powers of imagination to generate oneself in the form of a Buddha-figure and perfroms a sadhana. | generation stage | |
| bsngo-ba | Widmungsgebet / Gebet der Widmung | A prayer for the attainment of a spiritual goal or of the circumstances conducive for reaching that goal, in which the person making the prayer directs the positive force (merit) from a constructive action that he or she has done toward ripening into that attainment. | dedication prayer | |
| bsnyen-chen | großes Annäherungsretreat | A three-year, three-month retreat focusing exclusively on one Buddha-figure (deity) system, in which one recites tens of millions of mantras and makes millions of offerings in fire pujas. | great approximation retreat | |
| bsnyen-sgrub | uns der spezifischen Buddhagestalt anzunähern und uns selbst als sie zu realisieren | Intensive tantric meditation practice entailing visualization of oneself as a Buddha-figure and recitation of the appropriate mantras. | approximate and actualize oneself as a Buddha-figure | |
| bsod-nams | positive karmische Kraft | The type of karmic force associated with a constructive action and which ripens intermittently into transitory happiness. Some translators render it as "merit." See: karmjic force. | positive karmic force | punya |
| bsod-nams-kyi tshogs | Netzwerk positiver Kraft | A constructive nonconcomitant affecting variable imputable on the positive force on the mental continuum of a limited being, when dedicated with bodhichitta, and which functions as the obtaining cause for the Form Corpus of a Buddha. Also called: "bountiful store of positive force." Some translators render the term as "collection of merit." | network of positive force | punyasambhara |
| btags | geistiges Bezeichnen / geistiges Zuschreiben | To impute (project, superimpose), with conceptual cognition, an audio category (such as the word or name "table") or a meaning/object category (such as a "table" as an individual object) onto a basis (such as four legs and a flat board on top of them). | mental labeling | |
| btags | zuschreiben / Zuschreibung | To mentally label (project, superimpose), with conceptual cognition, a term universal (such as the word or name "table") or a meaning universal (such as a "table" as an individual object) onto a basis (such as four legs and a flat board on top of them). | impute / imputation | |
| btang-snyoms | Gleichmut | The mental factor (subsidiary awareness) of having an equal attitude toward everyone. | equanimity | upeksha (Pali: upekkha) |
| btang-snyoms | neutrales Gefühl / neutrale Empfindung | That feeling which, when it arises, one neither wants to be parted from it, nor, when it stops, one wishes to meet it again. | neutral feeling | upeksha |
| btang-snyoms tsam-pa-ba | bloßer Gleichmut | An equal attitude toward everyone that is devoid of attachment to loved ones, repulsion from enemies, and indifference toward strangers. | mere equanimity | |
| bya-grub ye-shes | vollbringendes Gewahrsein | See: accomplishing deep awareness. | awareness, accomplishing | |
| bya-grub ye-shes | vollbringendes tiefes Gewahrsein | One of the five types of deep awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The deep awareness that goes out to a cognitive object and which has the willingness to accomplish something with it, or to do something with it or to it, or to relate to it in some personal way. Also called: deep awareness to accomplish things. | accomplishing deep awareness | |
| byams-pa | Liebe | The wish for someone to be happy and to have the causes for happiness. | love | maitri |
| byams-pa chen-po | große Liebe | The wish for everyone to be happy and to have the causes for happiness. | great love | mahamaitri |
| byang-chub | gereinigter Zustand | The state of a shravaka arhat, pratyekabuddha arhat, or a Buddha, in which the mental continuum of the person attaining this state has been purified of either the emotional obscurations or both the emotional and the cognitive obscurations. | purified state | bodhi |
| byang-chub sems, byang-sems | Bodhichitta (n) | Usually used in the meaning of relative bodhichitta: A mind or heart focused first on the benefit of all limited beings and then on one‘s own individual future enlightenment, with the intention to attain that enlightenment and to benefit others by means of that attainment. | bodhichitta | bodhicitta |
| byang-chub sems, byang-sems | Bodhichitta-Ausrichtung | The type of aim, goal, or focus that a bodhichitta mind has. Used as a synonym for bodhichitta. | bodhichitta aim | bodhicitta |
| byang-chub sems, byang-sems | Bodhichitta-Motivation | The kind of motivation that bodhichitta is. Used as a synonym for bodhichitta. | bodhichitta motivation | bodhicitta |
| byang-chub sems-dpa‘ | Bodhisattva | Someone who has developed unlabored bodhichitta. | bodhisattva | |
| byang-sems ‘phags-pa | Arya-Bodhisattva | A bodhisattva that has attained nonconceptual cognition of voidness. See also: bodhisattva. | arya bodhisattva | arya bodhisattva |
| byang-sems sdom-pa | Bodhisattva-Gelübde | The set of restraints from committing certain actions (eighteen root downfalls and forty-six faulty actions) that, if committed, would be detrimental to achieving enlightenement and benefiting all others. | bodhisattva vows | |
| byed-pa-po | treibende Kraft | The person who commits an action. | agent | |
| bying-ba | geistige Trägheit | A mental factor (subsidiary awareness) faulting the appearance-making of mindfulness’s mental hold on an object of focus. Some translators render the term as "sinking."sinking | mental dullness | |
| byin-rlabs | Erhöhung (des Zustands von Körper, Sprache und Geist) | Transformation of a disciple‘s body, speech, and mind into pure aspects, done during a tantric ritual, for example during a subsequent permission (jenang). Some translators render the term as "blessing." | elevation | adhisthana |
| chags-pa | klebrige Anhaftung | The disturbing emotion that exaggerates the good qualities of an object that one possesses, that clings to it like glue, and does not wish to let go. | sticky attachment | sneha |
| chos | Dharma (m) | (1) Preventive measures which, if one puts into practice or achieves, prevent the experience of future suffering. (2) Buddha‘s teachings. (3) Any phenomenon or "thing." | dharma | |
| chos | Phänomen | A validly knowable object that holds its own individual self-nature. | phenomenon | dharma |
| chos-can | Merkmalsbesitzer | A member of the set of phenomena possessing a certain property, such as voidness as its actual nature. | property-possessor | |
| chos-dbyings ye-shes | tiefes Gewahrsein der Realität | One of the five types of deep awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The deep awareness of the superficial truth of something -- namely, awareness of what it is. When developed on the spiritual path, this deep awareness may also be of the deepest truth of something -- namely, its voidness. Also called: deep awareness of the sphere of reality. | deep awareness of reality | dharmadhatu-jnana |
| chos-kyi skye-mched-pa‘i gzugs | Formen physischer Phänomene, die ausschließlich bei den kognitiven Reizen enthalten sind, die alle Phänomene sind | Forms of physical phenomena are not knowable by sensory cognition, but are only knowable by mental cognition. These include those that make up other things by amassing together, (2) those existing in actual situations, (3) those arising from clearly taking them on, (4) totally imaginary forms, and (5) those arising from gaining control over the elements. | forms of physical phenomena included only among the cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena | |
| chos-kyi spyan | außersinnliches Auge des Dharma | One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana). (1) According to the Gelug explanation, cognition that is able to understand the mental capacities of others, in order to be able to teach them appropriately. (2) According to the Karmaq Kagyu explanation, a Buddha‘s omniscient awareness that possesses the ten forces that enable a Buddha to lead all beings to enlightenment. | extrasensory eye of the Dharma | |
| chos-nyid | tatsächliche Natur | A synonym for voidness (emptiness) or, in some mahamudra and dzogchen systems, the nature of everything as the play of inseparable awareness and voidness. | actual nature | dharmata |
| chos-sku | Alles umfassender Körper | The omniscient mind of a Buddha | Corpus Encompassing Everything | dharmakaya |
| dad-pa | Glauben, dass eine Tatsache wahr ist | A constructive emotion that focuses on something existent and validly knowable, something with good qualities, or an actual potential, and considers it either existent or true, or considers a fact about it as true. Some translators render the term as "faith." | believing a fact to be true | shraddha |
| dag-pa‘i snang-ba, dag-snang | reine Erscheinung | An appearance of something as an enlightened mind makes it appear, namely in the form of a Buddha-figure or mandala and devoid of any of the four extremes of impossible existence. | pure appearance | |
| dal-ba | Ruhepause | A temporary rest or a break from a state of no leisure for Dharma practice, such as the worst states of rebirth. Some translators render the term as a "freedom" or a "liberty." | respite | |
| dam-pa | heilig | Pure and worthy of the highest respect; sacred. | hallowed | |
| dam-rdzas | bindende Substanzen | Substances, such as alcohol and meat, purified, transformed, and consecrated during a tantra ritual and offered to a Buddha-figure in order to maintain a close bond (close connection) with that figure, as one has promised to do. | bonding substances | |
| dam-tshig | bindenden Praktik | A type of behavior or a state of mind, which, when practiced, maintains a close connection with either a certain tantra or a certain spiritual master. Also called: closely bonding practice, close bonds | bonding practice | samaya |
| dam-tshig | enge Bindung | See: bonding practice. | close bond | samaya |
| dang-ba‘i dad-pa | besonnener Glaube an Tatsachen | A constructive emotion that is clear about a fact and, like a water purifier, clears the mind of disturbing emotions and attitudes about the object. | clearheaded belief in a fact | |
| dbang | Ermächtigung | A tantric ritual that activates and empowers Buddha-nature factors to grow so that, through repeated, sustained tantric practice, they will eventually transform into the Three Corpuses (Bodies) of a Buddha. An empowerment also plants new seeds, or potentials, that will likewise grow in the same manner. The term is often translated as "initiation." | empowerment | abhishekha |
| dbang-‘byor-pa‘i gzugs | Formen physischer Phänomene, die dadurch entstehen, dass man Kontrolle über die Elemente erlangt | Forms of physical phenomena that can only be known by mental cognition and which are actually emanated by the power of absorbed concentration. | forms of physical phenomena arising from gaining control over the elements | |
| dbang-po | Sensor der Wahrnehmung | The dominating condition that determines the type of cognition a way of being aware of something is. In the case of the five types of sensory cognition, it is the photosensitive cells of the eyes, the sound-sensitive cells of the ears, the smell-sensitive cells of the nose, the taste-sensitive cells of the tongue, and the physical-sensation-sensitive cells of the body. In the case of mental cognition, it is the immediately preceding moment of cognition. Some translators render the term as "sense power." | cognitive sensor | indriya |
| dbyer-med | untrennbar | Two facts about the same attribute of an object are inseparable if, when one is the case, so is the other. The two facts may inseparably both be the case either naturally or made to be so through the power of meditation. | inseparable | |
| dbyings | kognitive Sphäre | Rigpa (pure awareness) from the point of view of its essential nature as that which underlies and allows for the arising of appearances and the cognizing of them, with the latter being more prominent. Synonymous with essence rigpa and the cognitive open space. | cognitive sphere | dhatu |
| de-bzhin gshegs-pa | So-Gegangener | A epithet of a Buddha -- one who has gone to the goal of enlightenment through nonconceptual cognition of voidness, the very natire of reality (thusness). | Thusly Gone One | tathagata |
| de-bzhin-nyid | übereinstimmende Natur | A synonym for voidness (emptiness). Some translators render the term as "thusness." | accordant nature | tathata |
| de-kho-na-nyid | ureigenste Natur der Realität | A synonym for voidness (emptiness). Some translators render the term as "thusness." | very nature of reality | tattvam |
| de-kho-na-nyid mchod-pa | Opfer der ureigensten Natur der Realität | Offering of one‘s nonconceptual cognition of voidness with a blissful awareness or of one‘s nonconceptual blissful cognition of voidness together with one‘s appearance as an illusory body. | offering of the very nature of reality | |
| dgag-pa | negiertes Phänomen | An item, or a truth about an item, defined in terms of the exclusion of something else, in which an object to be negated is explicitly precluded by the conceptual cognition that cognizes the phenomenon. Also translated as: "negation," "nullification," "refutation." | negation phenomenon | |
| dge-‘dun | Sangha (m) | The literal meaning of the Sanskrit term is a "community"; the literal meaning of the Tibetan translation is "those intent on a constructive goal." Four or more people from any of the four groups of the monastic community: full or novice monks or nuns - the four need not necessarily be all from one group or one from each group - and who have unlabored renunciation and are intent on ridding themselves of disturbing emotions and attitudes and thus attaining liberation. | Sangha | sangha |
| dge-ba | konstruktiv | States of mind, or physical, verbal, or mental actions motivated by them, which ripen into happiness to be experienced by the person on whose mental continuum they occur. Since the term carries no connotation of moral judgment, the translation "virtuous" is misleading for this term. | constructive | kushala |
| dge-ba‘i bshes-gnyen | spiritueller Mentor | A Buddhist teacher who has had stable realizations, who embodies the teachings in the sense of having integrated them into his or her life, and who confers vows on disciples. | spiritual mentor | kalyanamitra |
| dgra-bcom-pa | Arhat | A practitioner, of the shravaka, pratyekabuddha, or bodhisattva class, who has achieved a true stopping of the emotional obscurations and thus has attained liberation (nirvana). Also called a "liberated being." Some translators render the term as "foe-destroyer." | arhat | arhat |
| dkon-mchog gsum | drei seltene und überragende Kleinodien | The Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. Also called "The Three Gems," "The Triple Gem," "The Three Jewels," and "The Three Jewels of Refuge." | Three Rare and Supreme Gems | triratna |
| dkon-mchog-gsum-la skyabs-su-‘gro | sichere Richtung zu den Drei Juwelen einschlagen | To turn toward the direction indicated by the Three Rare and Supreme Gems (Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) and to put that safe direction in one‘s life. Some translators render this as "go for refuge to the Three Gems." | take safe direction from the Three Gems | |
| dkyil- ‘khor | Mandala | In general, a round symbol used to represent a meaning. Most often used to represent a world system. | mandala | |
| dmigs-rkyen | fokale Bedingung | An external phenomenon that presents an aspect of itself to be an object of cognition, and thus serves as a condition giving rise to a sensory cognition of it. | focal condition | alambanapratyaya |
| dmigs-yul | Objekt der Ausrichtung, Ausrichtungsobjekt | An external object on which a cognition focuses and which serves as the focal condition of the cognition. Focal objects exist prior to the cognitions of them and have their own continuums different from those of the cognitions of them. | focal object | |
| dngos-grub | verwirklichte Errungenschaft, verwirklichte Erlangung | A significant spiritual goal that one actually attains or, literally, "makes actual" or "makes real" on one‘s mental continuum. The ordinary actual attainments refer to extrasensory and extraphysical powers, while the supreme actuall attainment refers to enlightenment. | actual attainment | siddhi |
| dngos-med | nichtwirksames Phänomen | (1) An validly knowable, existent object that does not perform a function - in other words, it does not produce a result - namely, a static phenomenon. (2) A nonexistent object, such as an impossible way of existing. | nonfunctional phenomenon | |
| dngos-po | wirksames Phänomen | (1) A validly knowable, existent object that performs a function -- in other words, it produces a result -- namely, a nonstatic phenomenon. (2) In the Vaibhashika system, all validly knowable, existent phenomenon, all of which at least perform the function of acting as an object for the valid cognition of them. | functional phenomenon | |
| dngos-rgyu | direkte Ursache | The phenomenon that actually produces its result, without need for any intermediary -- for example, a visible object is the direct cause for the seeing of it. | direct cause | |
| dngos-su rtogs-pa | explizites Begreifen | Apprehension of a cognitive object in which a cognitive appearance (mental hologram) of the involved object of the cognition arises. Compare: implicit apprehension. | explicit apprehension | |
| dngos-su shes-pa | direkte Wahrnehmung | According to the non-Gelug presentation, the type of cognition that a present moment of sensory consciousness has of the present moment of a mental aspect (mental hologram) of the immediately preceding moment of an external sense object. Compare: indirect cognition. | direct cognition | |
| don-dam bden-pa | tiefste Wahrheit | In the Hinayana tenet systems, a true phenomenon that is veiled or concealed by a conventional (superficial, relative, apparent) true phenomenon. In the Mahayana tenet systems, a true fact about a phenomenon that is veiled or concealed by a more superficial true fact about the same phenomenon. Some translatrors render this term as "ultimate truth." | deepest truth | paramartha |
| don-dam-pa‘i byang-chub-kyi sems | tiefstes Bodhichitta | The deep awareness that has nonconceptual cognition of voidness. | deepest bodhichitta | |
| don-dam-pa‘i chos dkon-mchog | tiefstes Dharmajuwel | The true stoppings and true pathway minds on the mental continuum of an arya, whether a layperson or a monastic, as a source of safe direction. | deepest Dharma Gem | |
| don-dam-pa‘i dge-‘dun dkon-mchog | tiefstes Sanghajuwel | The true stoppings and true pathway minds on the mental continuum of an arya, whether a layperson or monastic, as a source of safe direction. | deepest Sangha Gem | |
| don-dam-pa‘i dkon-mchog | tiefste Ebene der kostbaren Juwelen | The level of Three Rare and Supreme Gems that are concealed by the apparanet level gems. | deepest level Precious Gems | |
| don-dam-pa‘i sangs-rgyas dkon-mchog | tiefstes Buddhajuwel | A Buddha‘s Dharmakaya as a source of safe direction. | deepest Buddha Gem | |
| don-gyi ‘od-gsal | tatsächlicher Geist des klaren Lichts | A subtlest level of consciousness that has a nonconceptual, blissful cognition of voidness. | actual clear light mind | |
| don-spyi | bedeutungsbezogenen Kategorie | The conceptual category into which fit all significances (meanings) of an audio category. | meaning category | |
| don-spyi | Beudeutungs-/Objekt-Kategorie | The conceptual category into which fit all items to which an audio category refers. These items are also what the audio category signifies (means). | meaning/object category | |
| don-spyi | Objekt-Allgemeines | A specific commonsense object as a conceptual category into which fit all moments of anyone‘s mental or sensory cognition of any amount of parts of any of its sensibilia. | object universal | |
| don-spyi | Objekt-Kategorie | The conceptual category into which fit all items to which an audio category refer. | object category | |
| don-spyi | Objektsynthese, geistige | The conceptual category of a commonsense object, such as a table, used when thinking of, verbalizing, imagining (visualizing), or remembering a commonsense object. | object mental synthesis | |
| dpe‘i ‘od-gsal | Vorbild eines Geistes des klaren Lichts | A subtle level of consciousness that has a blissful conceptual cognition of voidness, which is attained when the subtle energy-winds are partly dissolved in the central channel. Also translated as "approximating clear light mind." | model clear light mind | |
| dpyad-sgom | Klar erkennende Meditation | A method for habituating oneself to an insight, understanding, or state of mind, with which one focuses on an object and generates the desired insight, understanding, or state of mind about it, through using the mental factors of gross detection (investigation) and subtle discernment (scrutiny). The method may also entail applying a line reasoning that one has already understood and become convinced of its validity. Many translators render the term as "analytical meditation." | discerning meditation | |
| dpyod-pa | subtile Unterscheidungsfähigkeit | A subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that actively understands the fine details of the nature of something, having scrutinized them thoroughly. It does not imply verbal thinking, although it may be induced by verbally thinking. According to Asanga‘s Anthology of Special Topics of Knowledge, one of the four changeable subsidiary awarenesses. Also translated as "scrutiny" and "analysis." | subtle discernment | |
| drag-po | extrem kraftvoll | Using extremely strong actions or methods, such as yelling at someone or hitting someone, in order to make the person stop doing something harmful. Forceful methods are used only when all other methods to make the person stop have failed or are impossible in the situation. Some translators render the term as wrathful, but this has an inappropriate connotation, since "wrathful," in English, is used for the Old Testament God, who, when people disobey Him, gets angry and punishes them. | forceful | |
| drang-don | auslegbare Lehre, interpretierbare Lehre | A passage in a sutra text that discusses any topic other than the most profound view of voidness, and which leads one on or points the way to the most profound view of voidness. Such passages require explanation, so that one does not confuse them as indicating the most profound view. | interpretable teaching | nityartha |
| drang-don | explizit hinweisende Bedeutung | One of the six alternative meanings. When an expression in a root tantra text has two dissimilar meanings, the literal, evident, or face value meaning of the expression. It suggests or leads one on to the second meaning (the implicit suggested meaning), which is dissimilar to what is actually said on face value. | explicit suggestive meaning | nityartha |
| dran-pa | Vergegenwärtigung | (1) The mental factor, similar to a mental glue, that keeps a mental hold on a cognitive object, so that it is not lost. (2) The recollection of something, with which the mind keeps a mental hold on a mental hologram that resembles and represents something previously cognizied. The term is often rendered as "memory" or "remembering," but has nothing to do with the recording or storage of mental information. | mindfulness | smrti |
| drin | Güte, gütige Handlung | A beneficial action that is of help to others. | kindness | |
| dvangs | Lichtheit | A quality of a well-concentrated mind with which the mind remains fresh in each moment. | lucidity | |
| ga‘u-ma | Tradition der Amulettdose | A tradition of mahamudra meditation transmitted in the Shangpa Kagyu school. | amulet box tradition | |
| gang-zag | Person | An individual being, including those from any of the six realms of samsaric existence, as well as arhats and Buddhas. A nonconcomitant affecting variable, synonymous with a conventional "me." | person | pudgala |
| gces-zhing pham-pa’i byams-pa | sich liebevoll kümmernde Liebe | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) with which, not only does one wish others to be happy and to have the causes for happiness, but with which one values the welfare of others highly and would feel sad if anything bad happened to them. | cherishing concerned love | |
| gdams-ngag | Anweisungen / Richtlinien | Beneficial instructions concerning spiritual practice. | guideline instructions | |
| gnas-lugs | andauernde Natur | The lasting, enduring nature of all phenomena; the voidness of all phenomena. | abiding nature | |
| gnas-skabs-kyi skyabs-gnas | vorläufige Quelle einer sicheren Ausrichtung | The aryas with incomplete sets of true stoppings and true pathway minds on their mental continuums. | provisional source of safe direction | |
| gnyug-ma | ursprünglicher Zustand | The state of having, with no beginning, been untainted by the fleeting stains of either the emotional or cognitive obscurations. Descriptive of the clear light mind. | primordial state | |
| gnyug-sems | ursprünglicher Geist | Awareness that, with no beginning, has been untainted by the fleeting stains of either the emotional or cognitive obscurations. A synonym for "clear light mind." | primordial mind | |
| gong-ma‘I spyi | vertikale geistige Synthese | A collection mental synthesis that extends over time, such as a human body over a lifetime. | vertical mental synthesis | |
| grub-mtha‘ | Lehrsystem | A set of principles or assertions of a particular traditional Indian school of philosophy or of astronomical calculations. | tenet system | siddhanta |
| gsal | Klarheit | As a defining characteristic of mind, the ability, mental activity, or event of making cognitive objects arise -- or giving rise to cognitive objects -- so that they can be cognized. A mental hologram of the cognitive object need not even arise in the cognition, since the object may be implicitly cognized. Clarity is not some sort of light in one‘s head that has varying intensity and illuminates objects that are already present. Nor does it have anything to do with an object of cognition being in focus or being understood. Moreover, giving rise to a cogntive object has no implication of passivity or lack of responsibility on the one hand, or conscious will on the other. As an event, clarity just naturally happens every moment of every mental continuum. | clarity | |
| gsang-ba’i dkyil-‘khor | geheimes Mandala | The offering of a blissful awareness, or of a nonconceptual blissful awareness of voidness with a clear-light mind. Also called: hidden mandala. | secret mandala | |
| gsang-mchod | verborgenen Opfer | An offering of one‘s blissful awareness, visualized in the form of an offering goddess. | hidden offering | |
| gsang-sngags | verborgenes Mantra | Synonymous with "mantra." | hidden mantra | guhyamantra |
| gsos-‘debs, nus-pa mthu-can-du byed-pa | aktivieren | To cause a karmic tendency to become a manifest karmic impulse that will give its result in the next moment. | activate | |
| gtan-la dbab-pa, nges-pa | Feststellung / Vergewisserung | A decisive cognition of a cognitive object; decisively knowing what an object of cognition is or how it exists. | ascertainment | |
| gti-mug | Naivität | A subcategory of unawareness. The unawareness of behavioral cause and effect or of reality that accompanies only destructive states of mind or behavior. One of the three poisonous emotions. | naivety | moha |
| gtso-sems | Hauptgewahrsein | Within a cognition, an awareness that consists of the composite of a primary consciousness and its accompanying set of subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors). The principal awareness is the way of being aware of the object of the cognition that is prominent and which characterizes the type of cognition that it is occurring -- for example, relative bodhichitta and the deep awareness of total absorption on voidness. | principal awareness | |
| gus-pa | Respekt | See: appreciation. | respect | |
| gus-pa | Wertschätzung | Valuing something highly, usually the kindness of someone. Often used in the context of appreciating the kindess of one‘s spiritual mentor. Also called: respect. | appreciation | |
| gzhal-yas khang | unermesslich herrlicher Palast | A palace visualized in tantra practice as part of the supporting mandala. Each architectural feature of the palace represents one or another realization gained along the tantra path, and inside the palace reside one or more Buddha-figures. | immeasurably magnificent palace | |
| gzhan gces-par ‘dzin-pa, gzhan-gces | andere wertschätzen / sich um das Wohl der anderen kümmern / das Wohl der anderen liegt uns am Herzen | The attitude with which one considers others as the most precious and important ones; and has affection for and takes care of mainly others. | cherishing others | |
| gzhan-dbang | abhängiges Phänomen | A validly knowable object that arises dependently on causes and conditions. All nonstatic phenomena. Often translated literally as "other-powered phenomenon." | dependent phenomenon | paratantra |
| gzhan-sems shes-pa‘i mngon-shes | höher entwickeltes Gewahrsein, den Geist anderer zu erkennen | Cognition of others’ thoughts and states of mind. One of the six types of advanced awareness gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental constancy (the first dhyana). | advanced awareness of knowing other‘s minds | |
| gzhan-stong | Anderesleerheit | The natural, beginningless absence from the clear light level of mental acitivity of "other" levels of mental activity, which are all limited by fleeting stains. | other-voidness | |
| gzhi | Ebene der Basis | The level of something, such as Buddha-nature, that occurs in general, whether or not one has achieved some attainment on the Buddhist spiritual path. | basis level | |
| gzhi‘i rig-pa | grundlegendes Rigpa | Pure awareness (rigpa) from the point of view of it being a type of Buddha-nature or working basis for attaining enlightenment. | basis rigpa |