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Deutsches Glossar Buddhistischer Fachbegriffe
Dieses Glossar enthält bislang nur einen Teil der Fachbegriffe, die auf unserer Webseite verwendet werden. Mit weiterem Fortschreiten der Arbeit am Glossar werden wir weitere Begriffe hinzugefügen. Die Definitionen liegen bislang noch nicht in der deutschen Übersetzung vor, wir haben daher in diese Fassung des Glossars die englischen Definitionen aufgenommen.
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A Ä B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T Ü U V W Y Z alles
| Deutsch | Englisch | Definition (Englisch) | Tibetisch | Sanskrit (Pali) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| abgrenzen | preclude | To cut off, dismiss, or reject something. To logically cut off or eliminate the possibility that something is something else | bcad-pa | |
| Abgrenzen | preclusion | The conceptual process through which sets and countersets are formulated. It implies previous apprehension of an object to be negated, in which the apprehension itself logically and automatically excludes the object to be negated from the set of either all validly knowable phenomena other than itself or all validly knowable phenomena in total. It is not a deliberate, conscious mental act. | bcad-pa | |
| abhängiges Phänomen | dependent phenomenon | A validly knowable object that arises dependently on causes and conditions. All nonstatic phenomena. Often translated literally as "other-powered phenomenon." | gzhan-dbang | paratantra |
| Abhisambodhikaya | Abhisambodhikaya | See: Corpus of Manifest Enlightenment. | ||
| Ableitung, geistige | derivative, mental | See: mental derivative. | ||
| Ablösung | detachment | The constructive mental factor of bored disgust with and thus lack of longing desire for compulsive existence and objects of compulsive existence. Also translated as "nonattachment." | chags-pa med-pa | asanga |
| Abneigung | aversion | See: anger. | ||
| Abscheu | dread | The strong wish not to experience something or for something not to happen. If overlaid with grasping for truly established existence, it becomes fear. Sometimes translated as "fear." | 'jigs-pa | |
| Abschweifung, geistige | wandering, mental | See: mental wandering. | ||
| Absicht / Intention | intention | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) to obtain any object, to achieve any goal, or to do something with the object or goal once obtained or achieved. | 'dun-pa | |
| absolute Abwesenheit | absolute absence | The absence of something impossible; the absence of something that has never existed and never can exist. | ||
| absolute Negierung | absolute nullification | The refutation of the possibility that something could exist. | ||
| Abstraktion, nichtstatische | abstraction, nonstatic | See: noncongruent affecting variable. | ||
| Abstraktion, statische | abstraction, static | See: static phenomena. | ||
| Abwesenheit, absolute | absence, absolute | See: absolute absence. | ||
| Abwesenheit, bloße | absence, bare | See: bare absence. | ||
| Abwesenheit wahrer Identität | lack of true identity | See: lack of an impossible soul. | ||
| acht vergängliche Angelegenheiten des Lebens | eight transitory things in life | Praise or criticism, good or bad news, gains or losses, things going well or poorly -- or, more specifically, the emotional ups and downs of overexcitement and depression in response to these eight. Also called the "eight worldly dharmas." | 'jig-rten-pa'í chos-brgyad | |
| acht weltliche Dharmas | eight worldly dharmas | See: eight transitory things in life. | ||
| Aggregat der anderen beeinflussenden Variablen | aggregate of other affecting variables | One of the five aggregate factors of experience. The network of all instances of subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors), other than feelings of levels of happiness and distinguishing, as well as all instances of noncongruent affecting variables, that could be part of any moment of experience on someone's mental continuum. Some translators render the term as "aggregate of volitions" or "aggregate of karmic formations." | 'du-byed-kyi phung-po | samskara-skandha |
| Aggregat der Empfindungen | aggregate of feelings | See: aggregate of feelings of a level of happiness | ||
| Aggregat der Empfindungen eines Grades an Glücklichsein | aggregate of feelings of levels of happiness | One of the five aggregate factors of experience. The network of all instances of the subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of feeling a level of happiness or unhappiness that could be part of any moment of experience on someone's mental continuum. Also called "aggregate of feelings." See: feeling a level of happiness. | tshor-ba'i phung-po | vedana-skandha |
| Aggregat der Formen | aggregate of forms | See: aggregate of forms of physical phenomena. | ||
| Aggregat der Formen | form aggregate | See: aggregate of forms of physical phenomena. | ||
| Aggregat der Formen physischer Phänomene | aggregate of forms of physical phenomena | One of the five aggregate factors of experience. The network of all instances of all types of sights, sounds, smells, tastes, physical sensations, physical sensors, and forms of physical phenomena included only among the cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena. Any of these can be part of any moment of experience on someone's mental continuum. Also called "aggregate of forms." | gzugs-kyi phung-po | rupa-skandha |
| Aggregat der karmischen Formationen | aggregate of karmic formations | See: aggregate of other affecting variables | ||
| Aggregat der Willensregungen | aggregate of volitions | See: aggregate of other affecting variables. | ||
| Aggregat des Erkennens | aggregate of recognition | See: aggregate of distinguishing. | ||
| Aggregat des Primärbewusstseins | aggregate of primary consciousnesses | One of the five aggregate factors of experience. The network of all instances of mental consciousness or of any of the five types of sensory consciousness that could be part of any moment of experience on someone's mental continuum. It also includes the network of all instances of deluded awareness and all-encompassing foundation consciousness in those systems that assert these two. Also called: "aggregate of consciousness." | rnam-shes-kyi phung-po | vijnana-skandha |
| Aggregat des Unterscheidens | aggregate of distinguishing | One of the five aggregate factors of experience. The network of all instances of the subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of distinguishing that could be part of any moment of experience on someone's mental continuum. Some translators render the term as "aggregate of recognition." See: distinguishing. | 'du-shes-kyi phung-po | samjna-skandha |
| Aggregate | aggregate | A network of many items, all of which are nonstatic phenomena. See also: aggregate factors of experience. | phung-po | skandha |
| Aggregate, befleckte | aggregates, tainted | See: tainted aggregates. | ||
| Aggregate, herbeiführende | aggregates, obtaining | See: obtaining aggregates. | ||
| Aggregate, unbefleckte | aggregates, untainted | See: untainted aggregates. | ||
| Aggregat-Faktoren der Erfahrung | aggregate factors of experience | The five networks (five aggregates) that constitute all the nonstatic phenomena that make up each moment of the mental continuum of each limited being. | phung-po | skandha |
| aktivieren | activate | To cause a karmic tendency to become a manifest karmic impulse that will give its result in the next moment. Also translated as "arouse." Tibetan alternative: nus-pa mthu-can-du byed-pa. | gsos-'debs | |
| aktivieren | activate | See: activate, Tib. gsos-'debs. | nus-pa mthu-can-du byed-pa | |
| Alaya | alaya | See: basis for all. | ||
| Alaya, ursprüngliches tiefstes | alaya, primordial deepest | See: primordial deepest alaya. | ||
| Alaya des spezifischen Gewahrseins | alaya, specific-awareness | See: specific-awareness alaya. | ||
| Alaya des tiefen Gewahrseins | alaya, deep-awareness | See: deep-awareness alaya. | ||
| Alaya des tiefen Gewahrseins | deep awareness alaya | In the Karma Kagyu system, a synonym for "mind-itself": the pure aspect of mind that is an aspect of Buddha-nature. | kun-gzhi ye-shes | |
| Alaya für Gewohnheiten | alaya for habits | In the dzogchen system, foundational awareness for the habits of grasping for truly established existence, for karma, and for memories. The type of limited awareness that basis rigpa functions as, when it is mixed with dumbfoundedness. | bag-chags-kyi kun-gzhi | |
| Alayavijnana | alayavijnana | See: all-encompassing foundation consciousness. | ||
| Alleinentwickeler | self-evolver | See: pretyekabuddha. | ||
| Alleinverwirklicher | self-realizer | See: pratyekabuddha. | ||
| Alleinverwirklicher-Buddha | solitary Buddha | See: pratyekabuddha. | ||
| alles durchdringend | all-permeating | The quality of rigpa (pure awareness) that it interpenetrates and pervades all instances of limited awareness (sem) without obstruction, in the same manner as oil permeates sesame seeds. | zang-thal | |
| Alles Übertreffender Siegreicher Meister | Vanquishing Master Surpassing All | An epithet of a Buddha - one who has conquered (vanquished) all obstacles, attained (mastered) all good qualities, and gone beyond (surpassed) any of the Hindu gods for whom the epithet Bhagavan has also been applied. Some translators render the term as "Blessed One." | bcom-ldan-'das | bhagavan |
| alles umfassend | all-encompassing | Including everything within its domain. | ||
| alles umfassend | all-pervasive | Pertaining to everything. | ||
| Alles umfassender Körper | Body Encompassing Everything | See: Corpus Encompassing Everything. | ||
| Alles umfassender Körper | Corpus Encompassing Everything | The omniscient mind of a Buddha | chos-sku | dharmakaya |
| alles umfassendes beeinflussendes Leiden | all-pervasively affecting suffering | The suffering that comes simply from having tainted aggregates that serve as the basis for experiencing the suffering of suffering and the suffering of change. Such suffering is all-pervasive since it affects every moment of samsaric experience. | khyab-par 'du-byed-kyi sdug-bsngal | |
| alles umfassendes grundlegendes Bewusstsein | all-encompassing foundation consciousness | An unspecified, nonobstructive, individual consciousness that underlies all cognition, cognizes the same objects as the cognitions it underlies, but is a nondetermining cognition of what appears to it and lacks clarity of its objects. It carries the karmic legacies of karma and the mental impressions of memories, in the sense that they are imputed on it. It is also translated as "foundation consciousness" and, by some translators, as "storehouse consciousness." According to Gelug, asserted only by the Chittamatra system; according to non-Gelug, assserted by both the Chittamatra and Madhyamaka systems. | kun-gzhi rnam-shes | alayavijnana |
| alles umfassendes Leiden | all-pervasive suffering | See: all-pervasively affecting suffering. | ||
| Allgemeine(s) | universal | See: conceptual category. | ||
| Allgemeines, Arten- | universal, kind | See: kind mental synthesis. | ||
| Allgemeines, bedeutungsbezogenes | universal, meaning | See: mental category. | ||
| Allgemeines, Hör- | universal, audio | See: audio category. | ||
| Allgemeines, Klang- | universal, sound | See: audio category. | ||
| Allgemeines, objektbezogenes | universal, object | See: object universal | ||
| allgemeines Gewahrsein | general awareness | In the Karma Kagyu system, the aspect of mental activity that gives rise to and is aware of the appearing (the arising in general) of an awareness of an object and an object that one is aware of. In a looser sense, awareness of the general features of an entire sensory or mental field that one cognizes, so that one gets an overview. | yid | |
| Allgemeinheit | generality | See: conceptual category. | ||
| allgemein verständliches Objekt | commonsense object | An external sensory object, extending over the sensibilia (sense data) of several senses and over time; what an ordinary person, when cognizing one moment of the sensibilia of one sense, would impute and consider as an object with his or her common sense. See also: conventional commonsense object. | 'jig-rten-la grags-pa | |
| Alllgemeines, Sammlungs- | universal, collection | See: collection mental synthesis. | ||
| Allwissendes Gewahrsein eines Buddha | omniscient awareness | A Buddha's unceasing nonconceptual cognition simultaneously of all validly knowable phenomena and their voidnesses -- in other words, of the two truths about all knowable phenomena. | kun-mkhyen | |
| Allwissenheit | omniscience | See: omniscient awareness. | ||
| als wahr begründete Existenz | existence established as true | See: true existence. | ||
| Altern und Sterben | aging and dying | In a particular rebirth, the period starting immediately after the moment of conception and ending with the moment of death. | rga-shi | |
| Analyse | analysis | See: subtle discernment. | ||
| Analyse, klar erkennende | analysis, discerning | See: subtle discernment. | ||
| analytische Meditation | analytical meditation | See: discerning meditation. | ||
| andauernde Eigenschaften | abiding traits | See: naturally abiding family-traits. | ||
| andauernde Natur | abiding nature | The lasting, enduring nature of all phenomena; the voidness of all phenomena. | gnas-lugs | |
| Anderesleerheit | other-voidness | The natural, beginningless absence from the clear light level of mental activity of "other" levels of mental activity, which are all limited by fleeting stains. | gzhan-stong | |
| andere wertschätzen / sich um das Wohl der anderen kümmern / das Wohl der anderen liegt uns am Herzen | cherishing others | The attitude with which one considers others as the most precious and important ones; and has affection for and takes care of mainly others. Alternative Tibetan: gzhan-gces. | gzhan gces-par 'dzin-pa | |
| Aneigung / Errungenschaft | acquirement | The obtainment or gain of something, such as a vow or a spiritual attainment, imputable on the mental continuum of the one who has gained it. An acquirement or acquiring of something is a noncongruent affecting variable -- a nonstatic phenomenon that is neither a form of material phenomena nor a way of being aware of something. | thob-pa | |
| Anhaftung | attachment | The disturbing emotion that exaggerates the good qualities of an object that one possesses and does not wish to let go of it. Alternative Tibetan: 'dod-chags, Sanskrit: raga. | chags-pa | sanga |
| Anhaftung | attachment | See: attachment, Tib. chags-pa, Skt. sanga. | 'dod-chags | raga |
| Anhaftung, klebrige | attachment, sticky | See: sticky attachment. | ||
| Anleitungen, persönliche | instructions, personal | See: personal instructions. | ||
| Anleitungen, richtungsweisende | instructions, guideline | See: guideline instructions. | ||
| Annäherungs-Retreat, großes | approximation retreat, great | See: great approximation retreat. | ||
| Anreger, zwölf | stimulators of cognition, twelve | See: twelve stimulators of cognition. | ||
| Anreger der Wahrnehmung | stimulators of cognition | The focal conditions and dominating conditions that give rise to the six types of cognition -- namely, the cognitive objects and cognitive sensors of each of the six cognitive faculties. In the case of the five sensory faculties, the objects and sensors are forms of physical phenomena, such as sights and photosensitive cells. In the case of the mental faculty, the objects may be any validly knowable phenomenon, while the sensors are the immediately preceding moments of mental cognition. Usually counted as the twelve stimulators of cognition, but in the list of the twelve links of dependent arising, referred to as the six stimulators of cognition, in which case the two cognitive stimulators of each cognitive faculty are counted as one. | skye-mched | ayatana |
| Ansammlung von Weisheit | collection of wisdom | See: network of deep awareness. | ||
| Anschein / Abbild | semblance, mental | See: mental aspect. | ||
| anschließende Erlaubnis | subsequent permission | A tantric ritual for a specific Buddha-figure, received in order to strengthen further the Buddha-nature factors that were previously activated with a full empowerment. Usually called by its Tibetan name, "jenang." | rjes-snang | |
| Ansichten, Anblicke | sights | Nonstatic phenomena that can be explicitly cognized by eye consciousness -- namely, colors and shapes. Equivalent to "forms of physical phenomena that can become objects of experience of the eyes." One of the eleven types of forms of physical phenomena. | gzugs | rupa |
| anstrebender Zustand des anstrebenden Bodhichitta | aspiring state of aspiring bodhichitta | See: merely aspiring state of aspiring bodhichitta. | ||
| anstrebendes Bodhichitta | aspiring bodhichitta | A mind of bodhichitta which, when focused on one's own individual future enlightenment, is accompanied by the aspiration or wish to attain that enlightenment. Alternative Tibetan: smon-pa'i sems-bskyed. | smon-sems | |
| anstrebendes Bodhichitta | aspiring bodhichitta | See: aspiring bodhichitta, Tib. smon-sems. | smon-pa'i sems-bskyed | |
| Anuttarayoga-Tantra | anuttarayoga tantra | In the Sarma (New Translation Period) Tibetan Buddhist schools, the fourth or highest class of tantra practice, emphasizing special internal methods for actualizing oneself as a Buddha-figure. | bla-med rnal-'byor | anuttarayoga tantra |
| Anuyoga | anuyoga tantra | In the Nyingma system, the second of the three inner classes of tantra, emphasizing practices involving the subtle energy-system of winds, channels, and creative energy-drops. | a-nu yo-ga | |
| Ärger / Wut / Feindseligkeit | anger | A root disturbing emotion, aimed at another limited being, one's own suffering, or situations entailing suffering, and which is impatient with them and wishes to get rid of them, such as by damaging or hurting them, or by striking out against them. It is based on regarding its object as unattractive or repulsive by its very nature. | khong-khro | kroddha |
| Arhat | arhat | A practitioner, of the shravaka, pratyekabuddha, or bodhisattva class, who has achieved a true stopping of the emotional obscurations and thus has attained liberation (nirvana). Also called a "liberated being." Some translators render the term as "foe-destroyer." | dgra-bcom-pa | arhat |
| Arhatschaft | arhatship | The state of an arhat. | ||
| Artenallgemeines | kind universal | See: kind mental synthesis. | ||
| Artsynthese | kind synthesis | See: kind mental synthesis. | ||
| Arya | arya | A practitioner who has had nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths and thus has attained a shravaka, pratyekabuddha, or bodhisattva seeing pathway of mind (path of seeing). Also called a "highly realized practitioner" or a "highly realized being." Some translators render the term as "noble one." | 'phags-pa | arya |
| Arya-Bodhisattva | arya bodhisattva | A bodhisattva that has attained nonconceptual cognition of voidness. See also: bodhisattva. | byang-sems 'phags-pa | arya bodhisattva |
| Arya-Pfadgeist | arya pathway mind | The three pathway minds of shravaka, pratyekabuddha, and bodhisattva aryas (those with nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths) -- namely, their seeing and accustoming pathway minds, and their pathway minds needing no further training. | 'phags-lam | aryamarga |
| Arya-Pratyekabuddha | arya pratyekabuddha | A pratyekabuddha that has attained nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths. See also: pratyekabuddha. | rang-rgyal 'phags-pa | arya prtatyekabuddha |
| Arya-Shravaka | arya shravaka | A shravaka that has attained nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths. See also: shravaka. | nyan-thos 'phags-pa | arya shravaka |
| Aspekte, natürlicherweise untrennbare | aspects, naturally inseparable | See: naturally inseparable aspects | ||
| Asura | asura | See: would-be divine. | ||
| Atiyoga | atiyoga | In the Nyingma system, the third of the three classes of inner tantras, in which meditation practices to actualize the immediate causes for an enlightening mind and Corpus of Forms of a Buddha are emphasized. | a-ti-yo-ga | |
| Auffassung | outlook | A way of regarding and understanding objects, for instance as "me" and "mine." | lta-ba | |
| Auffassung, extreme | outlook, extreme | See: extreme outlook. | ||
| Auffassung / Sicht | view | In the description of a Buddhist system in terms of the view of reality, a way of meditating, and way of behaving that it espouses, the main way for regarding and understanding reality. See also: outlook. | lta-ba | |
| Auffinden, grobes | detection, gross | See: gross detection. | ||
| Aufgeben | riddance | A static state in which an emotional obscuration or a cognitive obscuration has been removed forever from a mental continuum. Equivalent to a true stopping (true cessation). Translated by others as "abandonment." | spong-ba | hani |
| aufgeladenes Bewusstsein | loaded consciousness | See: link of loaded consciousness. | ||
| aufgeladenes Bewusstsein zum Zeitpunkt der Ursache | link of loaded consciousness at the time of the cause | The first phase of the third of the twelve links of dependent arising, the link of loaded consciousness. A mental continuum containing the karmic aftermath of throwing karma during the lifetime in which the karmic action producing it has occurred. The first part of the third link of dependent arising, the link of loaded consciousness. | rgyu-dus-kyi rnam-shes-kyi yan-lag | |
| aufgeladenes Bewusstsein zum Zeitpunkt der Ursache | loaded consciousness at the time of the cause, link of | See: link of loaded consciousness at the time of the cause. | ||
| aufgeladenes Bewusstsein zum Zeitpunkt des Ergebnisses | link of loaded consciousness at the time of the result | The second phase of the third of the twelve links of dependent arising, the link of loaded consciousness. A mental continuum containing the karmic aftermath of throwing karma during the future lifetime produced as a result of that throwing karma. | 'bras-dus-kyi rnam-shes-kyi yan-lag | |
| aufgeladenes Bewusstsein zum Zeitpunkt des Ergebnisses | loaded consciousness at the time of the result, link of | See: link of loaded consciousness at the time of the result. | ||
| Aufmerksamkeit | attention | The ever-functioning mental factor that engages mental activity with a specific cognitive object. The cognitive engagement may be merely to pay some level of attention to the object (strong or weak), or to focus on the object in a certain way (painstakingly, effortlessly, etc.), or to consider the object in a certain way (concordantly or discordantly). Also called: paying attention, consideration, take to mind, taking to mind. | yid-la byed-pa | manasi |
| Aufmerksamkeit, wiederherstellende | attention, restoring | See: restoring attention. | ||
| aufmerksam sein | paying attention | See: attention. | ||
| aufregend | upsetting | A way of being aware of something that shares five congruent features with craving for one's own tainted, obtainer aggregate factors of experience. | zang-zing | |
| Aufregung, gewöhnliche | commotion, ordinary | See: ordinary commotion. | ||
| auftauchen / auftreten / entstehen / in Erscheinung treten / an die Oberfläche treten | arise | See: dawn. | ||
| auftreten, gleichzeitig | arising, simultaneously | See: simultaneously arising. | ||
| Auge des Dharma, außersinnliches | eye of the Dharma, extrasensory | See: extrasensory eye of the Dharma. | ||
| Auge des tiefen Gewahrseins, außersinnliches | eye of deep awareness, extrasensory | See: extrasensory eye of deep awareness. | ||
| Auge des unterscheidenden Gewahrseins, außersinnliches | eye of discriminating awareness, extrasensory | See: extrasensory eye of discriminating awareness. | ||
| Ausbilder, Dharma- | instructor, Dharma | See: Dharma instructor. | ||
| Ausdauer, freudige | perseverance, joyful | See: joyful perseverance. | ||
| aus dem Geworfenen entstandene Glieder | resultant links of what has been thrown | In the twelve links of dependent arising, the three and a half links of resultant loaded consciousness, nameable mental faculties with or without gross form, stimulators of cognition, and contacting awareness, which occur during the development of an embryo in the womb in the life that is thrown by the activated karmic aftermath of throwing karma. | 'phangs-pa'i 'bras-bu'i yan-lag | |
| ausführliche Erklärung | discourse | An oral teaching on a spiritual topic, often concerning tantra. | khrid | |
| ausgeglichen / ausgeglichener Geist | even-tempered | The mental factor of not becoming either too involved or indifferent toward others, even when helping them. | ||
| ausgewogen / ausgewogener Geist | even-minded | A tranquil state of mind that stays in the middle with regard to being either happy or unhappy, in all circumstances, such as when meeting with or parting from friends. Literally, "a state of standing in the middle." | dbus-gnas-nyid | madhyasthata (Pali: tatra majjhattata) |
| ausgewogene Sensibilität | balanced sensitivity | The mental state of being neither overly or underly attentive and neither overly, underly, or inappropriately responsive, both with feelings and actions, to either the situation of others or oneself, or the effect of one's behavior on others or on oneself. | ||
| Ausgewogenheit, meditative | equipoise, meditative | See: total absorption. | ||
| auslegbare Lehre / interpretierbare Lehre | interpretable teaching | A passage in a sutra text that discusses any topic other than the most profound view of voidness, and which leads one on or points the way to the most profound view of voidness. Such passages require explanation, so that one does not confuse them as indicating the most profound view. | drang-don | nityartha |
| Ausrichtung auf ein Bezugsobjekt, ohne | referent aim, without a | See: without a referent aim. | ||
| Aussage / Behauptung / Erklärung | assertion | A position, accepted by a Buddhist or non-Buddhist tenet system, in regard to a philosophical point. | ||
| äußere Gabe / Opfergaben | outer offerings | Offerings of specially consecrated external objects such as water, flowers, incense, and so on. | phyi'i mchod-pa | |
| äußeres Mandala | outer mandala | A round, flat-bottomed bowl, held bottom side up, with three mounds of grain, placed one atop the other on its surface and contained within progressively smaller concentric metal rings, and crowned with an ornamental diadem. It is used as an offering to a spiritual master in request for a teaching, the conferring of a set of vows, and for the conferring of a tantric empowerment. It is also used as an offering of appreciation at the conclusion of these three occasions. It is also offered 100,000 times as a preliminary practice for building up positive force for success in the practice of tantra. | phyi'i dkyil-'khor | |
| äußeres Objekt | external object | See: external phenomenon. | ||
| äußeres Phänomen | external phenomenon | A nonstatic phenomenon that arises from a natal source different from the natal source of the consciousness that cognizes it -- namely, from a natal source that is not connected with the mental continuum of the individual who cognizes it. | phyi-don | bahyartha |
| außergewöhnlicher Entschluss | exceptional resolve | The full determination with which one takes the responsibility to lead all limited beings to liberation and enlightenment. Sometimes translated as "pure wish." | lhag-bsam | adhyashaya |
| außerphysische Emanation | extraphysical emanations | Physical bodies having abilities that are beyond the usual capacity of the body -- such as the ability to run great distances at an incredible speed, to fly, to increase or decrease in size, to multiply, to walk on water, to pass beneath the earth, and so on -- which are produced (emanated) from karma, recitation of mantra, the power of specially consecrated substances, or the power of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana). | rdzu-'phrul | rddhi |
| außerphysische Kräfte | extraphysical powers | See: extraphysical emanations. | ||
| außersinnliches Auge des Dharma | extrasensory eye of the Dharma | One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana). (1) According to the Gelug explanation, cognition that is able to understand the mental capacities of others, in order to be able to teach them appropriately. (2) According to the Karma Kagyu explanation, a Buddha's omniscient awareness that possesses the ten forces that enable a Buddha to lead all beings to enlightenment. | chos-kyi spyan | |
| außersinnliches Auge des tiefen Gewahrseins | extrasensory eye of deep awareness | A Buddha's omniscient awareness that is able to “see” the two truths about all phenomena. One of the five types of extrasensory eyes, possessed only by Buddhas. | ye-shes-kyi spyan | |
| außersinnliches Auge des unterscheidenden Gewahrseins | extrasensory eye of discriminating awareness | Cognition that is able to “see” voidness nonconceptually. One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana).. | shes-rab-kyi spyan | |
| außersinnliches fleischliches Auge | extrasensory flesh eye | Cognition that is able to see great distances without obstruction, to see through solid objects such as walls, to see in all directions at the same time, and so on. One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana). | sha'i spyan | |
| außersinnliches göttliches Auge | extrasensory divine eye | Cognition that is able to “see,” in the sense of know, future rebirths. One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana). | lha'i spyan | |
| außersinnliche Wahrnehmung | extrasensory perception | See: advanced awareness. | ||
| Ausstrahlungskörper | Corpus of Emanations | The network of grosser forms, which are emanations of a Buddha's Corpus of Full Use, and in which a Buddha appears in order to teach ordinary beings with the karma to be able to meet with them. Also translated sometimes as "Emanation Body." | sprul-sku | nirmanakaya |
| ausübendes Bodhichitta | engaged bodhichitta | A mind of bodhichitta which, when focused on one's own individual not-yet-happening enlightenment, imputable on the basis of the Buddha-nature factors of one's mental continuum, is committed to attaining that enlightenment by having taken bodhisattva vows and which then enters into the type of behavior that will bring one to enlightenment. Alternative Tibetan: 'jug-pa'i sems-bskyed. | 'jug-sems | |
| ausübendes Bodhichitta | engaged bodhichitta | See: engaged bodhichitta, Tib. 'jug-pa'i sems-bskyed. | 'jug-pa'i sems-bskyed | |
| automatisch / gleichzeitig | pervasion | The intersection of two sets of phenomena. | khyab-pa | |
| automatisch auftretend, automatisch erscheinend | automatically arising | Naturally arising or occurring on a mental continuum from time to time, without being based on previously having been taught an incorrect tenet system. When something, such as a constructive or a disturbing emotion automatically arises, it does so from a tendency for that emotion, built up from previous occurrences of the same emotion, and does not entail the occurrence or production of an emotion that has never occurred before. | lhan-skyes | sahaja |
| automatisch erscheinende Ignoranz | automatically arising ignorance | See: automatically arising unawareness. | ||
| automatisch erscheinende störende Emotionen und Geisteshaltungen | automatically arising disturbing emotions and attitudes | Disturbing emotions and attitudes that arise on a person's mental continuum without being based on that person having been taught an incorrect tenet system. | nyon-mongs lhan-skyes | |
| automatisch erscheinende Unwissenheit | automatically arising unawareness | The mental factor of either not knowing or knowing invertedly either behavioral cause and effect or the manner in which the self and all phenomena exist, and which arises on a person's mental continuum without being based on that person having been taught an incorrect tenet system. Others often translate it as "automatically arising ignorance" or "innate ignorance." | ma-rigs lhan-skyes | |
| Axiome, vier | axioms, four | See: four axioms. | ||
| Bardo | bardo | The state of existence from the moment immediately after death until the moment immediately before conception. Translated as the "inbetween state." | bar-do | antarabhava |
| Bardo-Existenz | bardo existence | The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being starting from the moment immediately after death until the moment immediately before conception. | bar-do'i srid-pa | |
| Basis für alles | basis for all | A synonym for rigpa (pure awareness), used primarily in treasure texts of the mind division. | kun-gzhi | alaya |
| beabsichtigte Bedeutung | intent | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) to obtain any object, to achieve any goal, or to do something with the object or goal once obtained or achieved, but based on prior deliberation and thus a stronger mental factor than intention . | ||
| Beachtung | regard | See: firm conviction. | ||
| Bedeutung, explizit hinweisende | meaning, explicit suggestive | See: explicit suggestive meaning. | ||
| Bedeutung, implizit hingewiesene | meaning, implicit suggested | See: implicit suggested meaning. | ||
| bedeutungsbezogene Kategorie | meaning category | The conceptual category into which fit all significances (meanings) of an audio category. | don-spyi | |
| bedeutungsbezogenes Allgemeines | meaning universal | See: meaning category. | ||
| Bedeutungs-Kategorie /Objekt-Kategorie | meaning/object category | The conceptual category into which fit all items to which an audio category refers. These items are also what the audio category signifies (means). | don-spyi | |
| bedingtes Entstehen | dependent arising | The reliance of something on something other than itself for establishing its existence. (1) The reliance of all samsaric phenomena on unawareness for establishing their existence; (2) the reliance of all functional, nonstatic phenomena on causes and conditions for establishing their existence; (3) the reliance of both static and nonstatic phenomena on their parts for establishing their existence; (4) the reliance of all phenomena on mental labeling for establishing their existence. Also translated as "dependent origination." Alternative Tibetan: rten-'brel. | rten-cing 'brel-bar 'byung-ba | pratityasamutpada |
| bedingtes Entstehen | dependent arising | See: dependent arising, Tib. rten-cing 'brel-bar 'byung-ba. | rten-'brel | pratityasamutpada |
| bedingtes Phänomen | conditioned phenomenon | See: affected phenomenon. | ||
| Bedingung | condition | A nonstatic phenomenon that helps shape the conventional identity of something that is produced or arises from causes. | rkyen | pratyaya |
| Bedingung, fokale | condition, focal | See: focal condition. | ||
| Bedingung, objektive | condition, objective | See: objective condition. | ||
| Bedingung, unmittelbar vorausgehende | condition, immediately preceding | See: immediately preceding condition. | ||
| Bedingung, ursächliche | condition, causal | See: causal condition. | ||
| beeinflussend | affecting | To influence or condition other things so that it contributes to causing effects to happen. | ||
| beeinflussende Impulse | affecting impulses | See: link of affecting impulses. | ||
| beeinflussende Impulse | link of affecting impulses | The second of the twelve links of dependent arising. A karmic impulse that will affect future lives; synonymous with "throwing karma." Some translators render the term as the "link of karmic formations." | 'du-byed-kyi yan-lag | samskara-anga |
| beeinflussende Natur | influencing nature | One of the threefold natures of pure awareness (rigpa), referring to the enlightening influence it has on others. | 'phrin-las | |
| beeinflussende Variable / Einflussvariable | affecting variable | A phenomenon that continually changes (a nonstatic phenomenon) and which influences other nonstatic phenomenon to arise, in the sense that it contributes to causing them to happen. | 'du-byed | samskara |
| beeinflusst | affected | To be influenced by or conditioned by causes and conditions. | ||
| beeinflusstes Phänomen | affected phenomenon | A phenomenon that arises because of the influence of causes and conditions, and which changes because of constantly being influenced by causes and conditions. This refers to all nonstatic phenomena. Translators often render the term as "conditioned phenomenon." | 'dus-byas-kyi chos | samskrtadharma |
| Beendigung | stopping | The total elimination of something such that it never recurs. | 'gog-pa | nirodha |
| Beendigung, wahre | stopping, true | See: true stopping. | ||
| befleckt | tainted | Something that derives from a disturbing emotion or attitude, or is related in some way with a disturbing emotion or attitude. According to Vasubandhu, they give rise to further tainted phenomena; while according to Asanga, only some do that. Also translated as "mixed with confusion. Some translators render this term as "contaminated." | zag-bcas | sashrava |
| befleckte Aggregate | tainted aggregates | The five aggregate factors of experience that derive from a disturbing emotion or attitude, or are related in some with a disturbing emotion or attitude. Some translators render the term as "contaminated aggregates." | zag-bcas kyi phung-po | |
| befreites Wesen | liberated being | See: arhat. | ||
| Befreiung | liberation | The state of an arhat; the state in which one has attained a true stopping of true suffering and the true origins of suffering, and thus a true stopping of samsara; the state in which one has attained a true stopping of the emotional obscurations. | thar-pa | moksha (Pali: mokkha) |
| Begierde | craving | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of a strong longing desire to experience something in the future that one may or may not be experiencing at present. The Sanskrit term means, literally, "thirst." | sred-pa | trshna |
| Begierde aufgrund von Angst | craving because of fear | One of the three types of craving specified particularly in terms of the time of death. Also called: craving to be separated from what is fearful. (1) A strong longing desire to be parted from pain and unhappiness. (2) Holding on to objects of the past. | 'jigs-sred | |
| Begierde in Bezug auf Begehrenswertes | craving in relation to what is desirable | One of the three types of craving specified particularly in terms of the time of death. (1) A strong longing desire not to be parted from the ordinary forms of happiness that one is currently experiencing. (2) Holding on to objects of the present, which one is attached to keeping. | 'dod-sred | |
| Begierde in Bezug auf Weiterexistenz | craving in relation to further existence | One of the three types of craving specified particularly in terms of the time of death. (1) A strong longing desire for a neutral feeling, which one is experiencing, to continue surviving and not degenerate. (2) A strong longing desire for one's own body composed of five aggregates to continue surviving as a basis for craving in relation to what is desirable and craving because of fear. (3) Holding on to objects of the future. | srid-sred | |
| begreifen | apprehend | To cognitively take an object of cognition both correctly and decisively. | rtogs-pa | |
| Begreifen | apprehension | See: apprehend. | ||
| Begreifen, explizites | apprehension, explicit | See: explicit apprehension. | ||
| Begreifen, implizites | apprehension, implicit | See: implicit apprehension. | ||
| begrenztes Gewahrsein | limited awareness | See: sem. | ||
| begrenztes Wesen | limited being | A being still having limited awareness. Any being other than a Buddha. Often rendered as "sentient being." | sems-can | sattva |
| benennbare Geisteskräfte mit oder ohne feste Form | link of nameable mental faculties with or without gross form | The fourth of the twelve links of dependent arising. The four mental aggregates -- consciousness, feeling a level of happiness, distinguishing, and other affecting variables -- some of which are merely potentials -- together with the aggregate of forms of physical phenomena during a rebirth on the plane of sensory desires or the plane of ethereal forms, or without this aggregate during a rebirth on the plane of formless beings, during the period of time in the development of a foetus from the moment of conception up until the moment just before the cognitive faculties of seeing, hearing, and so on are differentiated. | ming-dang gzugs-kyi yan-lag | namarupa-anga |
| benennbare Geisteskräfte mit oder ohne feste Form | nameable mental faculties with or without gross form, link of | See: link of nameable mental faculties with or without gross form. | ||
| Benommenheit | dumbfoundedness | In the dzogchen system, a nominal disturbing attitude, equivalent to automatically arising unawareness regarding phenomena, which obscures rigpa's (pure awareness's) knowing its own nature. Some translators render it as "bedazzlement" or "stupidity," but it has nothing to do with intelligence. | rmongs-cha | |
| Bereich der Form | form realm | See: plane of ethereal forms. | ||
| Bereich des Begehrens | desire realm | See: plane of sensory desires. | ||
| Berichte, enthüllende | accounts, revelatory | See: revelatory accounts. | ||
| Berichte, erläuternde | accounts, illustrative | See: illustrative accounts. | ||
| Berichte, fabelhafte | accounts, fabulous | See: fabulous accounts. | ||
| Berichte von früheren Leben | accounts, past life | See: past life accounts. | ||
| Berichte von früheren Leben | past life accounts | Accounts of the difficult ascetic practices that Buddha performed in his previous lives while engaging in the conduct of the bodhisattvas. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | skyes-pa'i rabs | jataka |
| Beschäftigung mit dem "Ich" | self-preoccupation | An attitude of thinking only about oneself, as if one were the only one in the world, and not thinking about anyone else; narcissism. | ngar-'dzin | |
| bescheidenes Fahrzeug | Modest Vehicle | See: Hinayana. | ||
| bescheidenes Fahrzeug des Geistes | Modest Vehicle of Mind | See: Hinayana. | ||
| besondere Einsicht | special insight | See: exceptionally perceptive state of mind. | ||
| besonderes Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung | special taking of safe direction | Synonym for "resultant taking of safe direction." | skyabs-'gro khyad-par-ba | |
| besondere Verse | special verses | Praises that Buddha uttered with joy for the sake of the long life of his teachings, and not for the sake of specific individuals. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | ched-du brjod-pa | udana |
| besonnener Glaube an Tatsachen | clearheaded belief in a fact | A constructive emotion that is clear about a fact and, like a water purifier, clears the mind of disturbing emotions and attitudes about the object. | dvang-ba'i dad-pa | |
| beständige Phänomene | permanent phenomena | See: static phenomena. | ||
| Beständigkeit | permanence | See: staticness. | ||
| bestätigend erkanntes Phänomen | affirmingly known phenomenon | See: affirmation phenomenon. | ||
| Bestätigung / Affirmation | affirmation | See: affirmation phenomenon. | ||
| Bestätigungs-Phänomen | affirmation phenomenon | An item, or a truth about an item, defined in terms of the establishment of something, without an object to be negated being explicitly precluded by the sounds that express it. | sgrub-pa | |
| beteiligtes Bodhichitta | involved bodhichitta | See: engaged bodhichitta. | ||
| beteiligtes Objekt | involved object | The main object with which a particular cognition involves itself or engages. Equivalent to the object existing as cognitively taklen. | 'jug-yul | |
| Betrachtung, fehlerhafte | consideration, incorrect | See: paying attention in a discordant manner. | ||
| Bewusstsein | consciousness | A class of ways of being aware of something that cognizes merely the essential nature of its object, such as its being a sight, a sound, a mental object, etc. Consciousness may be either sensory or mental, and there are either six or eight types. The term has nothing to do with the Western concept of conscious versus unconscious. | rnam-shes | vijnana |
| Bewusstsein, alles umfassendes grundlegendes | consciousness, all-encompassing foundation | See: all-encompassing foundation consciousness. | ||
| Bewusstsein, geistiges | consciousness, mental | See: mental consciousness. | ||
| Bewusstsein, grundlegendes | consciousness, foundation | See: all-encompassing foundation consciousness. | ||
| Bewusstsein, Primär- | consciousness, primary | See: primary consciousness. | ||
| Bewusstsein, spezifisches | consciousness, specific | See: specific consciousness. | ||
| Bewusstseinsaggregat | aggregate of consciousness | See: aggregate of primary consciousnesses. | ||
| Bezeichnen, geistiges / Zuschreiben, geistiges/ Zuschreibung | labeling, mental | See: mental labeling. | ||
| Bezugsobjekt der Bezeichnung | referent object | The validly knowable phenomena that the names and concepts for them, imputed on a basis for labeling, refer to. | btags-chos | |
| Bhagavan. Der | Bhagavan | See: Vanquishing Master Surpassing All. | ||
| Bhumi-Geist | bhumi-mind | A level of mind of an arya bodhisattva with either a seeing or an accustoming pathway mind. Some translators render the term as "bodhisattva stage" or simply as "stage" or "ground." | sa | bhumi |
| bindende Faktoren, vier | binding factors, four | See: four binding factors. | ||
| bindende Praktik | bonding practice | A type of behavior or a state of mind, which, when practiced, maintains a close connection with either a certain tantra or a certain spiritual master. Also called: closely bonding practice, close bond. | dam-tshig | samaya |
| bindende Substanzen | bonding substances | Substances, such as alcohol and meat, purified, transformed, and consecrated during a tantra ritual and offered to a Buddha-figure in order to maintain a close bond (close connection) with that figure, as one has promised to do. | dam-rdzas | |
| bloß / lediglich | mere | Only this, without anything more. | tsam | |
| Blöße | bareness | See: bare absence. | ||
| Blöße / "Nacktheit oder Blöße" | starkness | The quality of something standing out sharply and dramatically in its appearance, without anything adorning it (like a rock mountain in a desert, totally devoid of any vegetation); the quality of being barren. | stong-pa | |
| bloße Abwesenheit | bare absence | The natural state of being without concepts or conceptual cognition, which is the natural state or nature of awareness (mind). Also translated as "bareness." Alternative Tibetan: stong-pa. | stong-sang | |
| bloße Abwesenheit | bare absence | See: bare absence, Tib. stong-sang. | stong-pa | |
| bloßer Gleichmut | mere equanimity | An equal attitude toward everyone that is devoid of attachment to loved ones, repulsion from enemies, and indifference toward strangers, developed in common in both Hinayana and Mahayana. | btang-snyoms tsam | |
| bloßes Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung | mere taking of safe direction | Synonymous with "causal taking of safe direction." | skyab-'gro tsam-pa-ba | |
| bloße Wahrnehmung | bare cognition | Cognition of a cognitive object without that cognition being through the medium of a concept, universal, or category. | mngon-sum | pratyaksha |
| Bodhi | bodhi | See: purified state. | ||
| Bodhichitta | bodhichitta | Usually used in the meaning of relative bodhichitta: A mind or heart focused first on the benefit of all limited beings and then on one's own individual not-yet-happening enlightenment, validly imputable on the basis of the Buddha-nature factors of one's mental continuum, with the intention to attain that enlightenment and to benefit others by means of that attainment. Alternative Tibetan: byang-sems. | byang-chub-gyi sems | bodhicitta |
| Bodhichitta, anstrebendes | bodhichitta, aspiring | See: aspiring bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, ausübendes | bodhichitta, engaged | See: engaged bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, höchstes | bodhichitta, ultimate | See: deepest bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, konventionelles | bodhichitta, conventional | See: relative bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, müheloses | bodhichitta, unlabored | See: unlabored bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, relatives | bodhichitta, relative | See: relative bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, tiefstes | bodhichitta, deepest | See: deepest bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, versprochenes, anstrebendes | bodhichitta, pledged aspiring | See: pledged state of aspiring bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta-Ausrichtung | bodhichitta aim | The type of aim, goal, or focus that a bodhichitta mind has. Used as a synonym for bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta-Motivation | bodhichitta motivation | The kind of motivation that bodhichitta is. Used as a synonym for bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhisattva | bodhisattva | Someone who has developed unlabored bodhichitta. Alternative Tibetan: byang-sems. | byang-chub sems-dpa' | bodhisattva |
| Bodhisattva- Arhats eindeutiger Linie / Bodhisattva-Arhats der bestimmten Linie | bodhisattva arhats of definite lineage | Bodhisattvas who have been definite about their lineage as bodhisattvas from before attaining arhatship and thus who have attained arhatship as bodhisattvas and not as shravakas or pratyekabuddhas before developing bodhichitta. | rigs-nges-pa'i byang-sems | |
| Bodhisattva-Bhumis | bodhisattva bhumis | See: bhumi-mind. | ||
| Bodhisattva-Gelübde | bodhisattva vows | The set of restraints from committing certain actions (eighteen root downfalls and forty-six faulty actions) that, if committed, would be detrimental to achieving enlightenment and benefiting all others. | byang-sems sdom-pa | |
| Bön | Bon | The pre-Buddhist spiritual tradition of Tibet. | bon | |
| Bönpo | Bonpo | A follower of the Bon tradition. | bon-po | |
| Buddha | Buddha | A fully enlightened being; someone who has totally eliminated, forever, from his or her mental continuum both the emotional and cognitive obscurations. | sangs-rgyas | buddha |
| Buddhafeld | Buddha-field | A non-samsaric realm in which the circumstances are the most conducive for uninterrupted intense spiritual practice for gaining Buddhahood. It is a field in the sense of being a place in which one can grow or develop a tremendous amount of positive force (merit). It is synonymous with a pure-land. | sangs-rgyas-kyi zhing | Buddhakshetra |
| Buddhagestalt / Buddhaform | Buddha-figure | An emanated form of a Buddha, often with multiple faces, arms, and legs, which tantric practitioners visualize themselves as. This is done in order to create a close bond with the figure so as to be able to attain enlightenment, in the form of that figure, through such practice. | yi-dam | ishtadevata |
| Buddhajuwel, nominelles | Buddha Gem, nominal | See: nominal Buddha Gem. | ||
| Buddhajuwel, offensichtliches | Buddha Gem, apparent | See: apparent Buddha Gem. | ||
| Buddhajuwel, tiefstes | Buddha Gem, deepest | See: deepest Buddha Gem. | ||
| Buddhakörper | Buddha-Body | See: Corpus of a Buddha. | ||
| Buddhakörper, drei | Buddha-Bodies, Three | See: Three Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Buddhakörper, fünf | Buddha-Bodies, Five | See: Five Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Buddhakörper, vier | Buddha-Bodies, Four | See: Four Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Buddhakörper, zwei | Buddha-Bodies, Two | See: Two Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Buddhanatur | Buddha-nature | Literally: Buddha caste-trait, Buddha family-trait. A factor imputable on the stained mind of a limited being (sentient being) that transforms into or allows for the attainment of enlightenment. | sangs-rgyas-kyi rigs | |
| Buddhismus-Professor | Buddhism professor | A teacher, either lay or monastic, Western or Asian, who imparts information about Buddhism gained from scriptural knowledge and/or scholarly research. | ||
| Chittamatra | Chittamatra | A Mahayana school of Indian Buddhism that does not assert external phenomena, but which does assert the true existence of dependent phenomena. One of the four Indian Buddhist tenet systems studied by all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism; the Mind-Only School. | Sems-tsam-pa | |
| dämonische Kraft | demonic force | Something that harms limited beings or causes interference and obstacles to constructive actions. | bdud | mara |
| Darstellung, geistige / Repräsentation, geistige | representation, mental | See: mental representation. | ||
| Darstellungen, epische | presentations, epic | See: epic presentations. | ||
| Darstellungen der praxisbezogenen Themen | expositions on themes of practice | See: sutra. | ||
| Dharma | dharma | (1) Preventive measures which, if one puts into practice or achieves, prevent the experience of future suffering. (2) Buddha's teachings. (3) Any phenomenon or "thing." | chos | dharma |
| Dharma, der echte | Dharma, "real thing" | See: "real thing" Dharma. | ||
| Dharma-Ausbilder | Dharma instructor | A teacher, either lay or monastic, Western or Asian, who explains the Buddhist teachings from his or her own experiential insight and understanding. | ||
| Dharmajuwel, nominelles | Dharma Gem, nominal | See: nominal Dharma Gem. | ||
| Dharmajuwel, offensichtliches | Dharma Gem, apparent | See: apparent Dharma Gem. | ||
| Dharmajuwel, tiefstes | Dharma Gem, deepest | See: deepest Dharma Gem. | ||
| Dharmakaya | Dharmakaya | See: Corpus Encompassing Everything. | ||
| Dharmakaya des tiefen Gewahrseins | deep awareness Dharmakaya | See: Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything. | ||
| Dharma light | Dharma-lite | A version of the Buddhist teachings without the presentation of past and futures lives and in which the motivating aim is usually just to improve one's samsaric existence of this life. | ||
| Dharma-Schützer | Dharma-protector | A class of forceful beings, tamed by Buddha or a spiritual lineage master such as Guru Rinpoche, and made to take an oath to protect the Dharma and its practitioners. They may be either ordinary worldly beings (non-aryas) or highly realized aryas. In some cases, they are emanations of a Buddha, appearing in the form of a Dharma-protector. | chos-skyong | dharmapala |
| Dharma-Schützer | protector, Dharma | See: Dharma protector. | ||
| Dichotomie | dichotomy | Two mutually exclusive sets form a dichotomy if all existent phenomena must be a member of either one or the other mutually exclusive set. | dngos-'gal | |
| die Kategorie der Herzessenz | heart essence division | Another name for the quintessence teachings division of treasure texts, and for the texts contained in this division. | snying-thig | |
| Ding, auf die sich etwas bezieht | thing, referent | See: referent thing. | ||
| Dinge, auf die sich etwas bezieht / Bezugs-Ding | referent thing | The actual “thing” referred to by a name or concept, corresponding to the names or concepts for something, and which is findable, establishing its own existence by its own power, on the side of the referent object of the name or concept. In Gelug, according to Prasangika it is nonexistent and according to lower tenet systems it is existent. | btags-don | |
| direkte Ursache | direct cause | The phenomenon that actually produces its result, without need for any intermediary -- for example, a visible object is the direct cause for the seeing of it. | dngos-rgyu | |
| direkte Wahrnehmung | direct cognition | According to the non-Gelug presentation, the type of cognition that a present moment of sensory consciousness has of the present moment of a mental aspect (mental hologram) of the immediately preceding moment of an external sense object. Compare: indirect cognition. | dngos-su shes-pa | |
| doktrinär bedingte störende Emotionen und Geisteshaltungen | doctrinally based disturbed emotions and attitudes | Disturbing emotions and attitudes that arise based on having been taught and having accepted a non-Buddhist Indian tenet system or a less sophisticated Indian Buddhist tenet system. | nyon-mongs kun-brtags | |
| doktrinär bedingte Unwissenheit | doctrinally based unawareness | The mental factor of either not knowing or knowing invertedly either behavioral cause and effect or the manner in which the self and all phenomena exist, and which arises on a person's mental continuum based on that person having been taught an incorrect tenet system. Also called: doctrinally based ignorance. | ma-rig kun-brtags | |
| dominante Bedingung / vorherrschende Bedingung | dominating condition | The nonstatic phenomena that produce the essential nature of something, such as the eye sensors for the visual consciousness and congruent mental factors of a visual cognition. This condition is called "dominating" – literally, the "overlord condition" – because it rules what the essential nature of its result will be. | bdag-rken | adhipatipratyaya |
| Drang | urge | see: mental urge. | ||
| drei Bereiche | three realms | See: three planes of samsaric existence. | ||
| drei Buddhakörper | Three Buddha-Bodies | See: Three Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| drei Ebenen der Existenz | three planes of existence | See: three planes of samsaric existence. | ||
| drei Ebenen der samsarischen Existenz | three planes of samsaric existence | A threefold division of samsaric rebirth states: the planes of (1) sensory desires, (2) ethereal forms, and (3) formless beings. Sometimes called "the three realms." | khams-gsum | tridhatu |
| Dreifaches Kleinod | Triple Gem | See: Three Rare and Supreme Gems | ||
| drei gereinigte Zustände | three purified states | The three states of bodhi; the three states of a shravaka arhat, a pratyekabuddha arhat, and a Buddha. | ||
| Drei Juwelen | Three Jewels | See: Three Rare and Supreme Gems | ||
| Drei Juwelen der Zuflucht / Drei Zufluchtsjuwelen | Three Jewels of Refuge | See: Three Rare and Supreme Gems | ||
| Drei Kleinodien | Three Gems | See: Three Rare and Supreme Gems | ||
| drei Körper des Buddha | Three Corpuses of a Buddha | (1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), and (3) Corpus Encompassing Everything (Dharmakaya) of a Buddha. | sku-gsum | trikaya |
| drei Kreise | three circles | Three aspects of an action that are all equally void of true existence: (1) the individual performing the action, (2) the object upon or toward which the action is committed, and (3) the action itself. Occasionally, as in the case of the action of giving, the object may refer to the object given. The existence of each of these is established dependently on the others. Sometimes translated as "the three spheres" of an action. | 'khor-lo gsum | |
| Drei Seltene und Überragende Kleinodien | Three Rare and Supreme Gems | The Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. Also called "The Three Gems," "The Triple Gem," "The Three Jewels," and "The Three Jewels of Refuge." | dkon-mchog gsum | triratna |
| duales Erscheinungs-Hervorbringen | dual appearance-making | See: dualistic appearance-making. | ||
| Durchbruch | break-through | The practice, and resultant stage of the practice, in dzogchen during which one "breaks through" the level of limited mind (sems) and both recognizes and accesses essence rigpa, thereby attaining a seeing pathway of mind (path of seeing) and becoming an arya. | thregs-chod | |
| Dzogchen | dzogchen | A Mahayana system of practice, found in the Nyingma, Bon, Karma Kagyu, Drugpa Kagyu, and Drigung Kagyu traditions, that entails accessing rigpa, one's own pure awareness, and realizing that it is complete with all good qualities. Translated as "the great completeness." | rdzogs-chen | |
| Ebene / Sphäre | plane | See: three planes of samsaric existence. | khams | |
| Ebene der ätherischen Formen | plane of ethereal forms | Samsaric rebirth states in which the limited beings have desire for subtle forms of physical phenomena. Usually translated by others as "form realm." | gzugs-khams | rupadhatu |
| Ebene der Basis | basis level | In the context of basis, pathway, and resultant levels of something being specified, the level of something - for instance, the level of Buddha-nature -- that occurs in general, whether or not one has achieved some attainment on the Buddhist spiritual path. | gzhi | |
| Ebene der Basis | level, basis | See: basis level. | ||
| Ebene der formlosen Wesen | plane of formless beings | Samsaric rebirth states in which the limited beings lack any gross body. Usually translated by others as "formless realm." | gzugs-med khams | arupadhatu |
| Ebene des Ergebnisses | level, resultant | The level of a fully enlightened Buddha, attained as the result of Mahayana practice. | 'bras-bu | |
| Ebene des Pfades | level, pathway | See: pathway level. | ||
| Ebene des Pfades | pathway level | In the context of basis, pathway, and resultant levels of something being specified, the level of it in the context of someone engaged in the practices for attaining enlightenment. In some usages, the level of a Mahayana arya with a seeing or accustoming pathway mind. | lam | marga |
| Ebene des Sinnesbegehrens | plane of sensory desires | Samsaric rebirth states in which the limited beings have desire for sensory objects. Usually translated by others as "desire realm." | 'dod-khams | kamadhatu |
| Edle, der | noble one | See: arya. | ||
| Eifersucht | jealousy | A disturbing emotion that focuses on other peoples' accomplishments – such as their good qualities, possessions, or success – and is the inability to bear their accomplishments, due to excessive attachment to one's own gain or to the respect one receives. Also translated as "envy." | phrag-dog | irshya |
| eigene Identitäten behaupten | asserting one's identity | The fourth of the four "obtainers" that constitute the ninth link of dependent arising. Equivalent to a deluded outlook toward a transitory network. | bdag-tu smra-ba | |
| eigenes Angesicht/Anlitz | own face | The manner of existence and good qualities of pure awareness (rig-pa) as can be cognized by reflexive deep awareness. | rang-ngo | |
| Eigenschaften, andauernde | traits, abiding | See: naturally abiding family-traits. | ||
| Eigenschaften, gute | qualities, good | See: good qualities. | ||
| Eigenschaften, sich entwickelnde | traits, evolving | See: evolving family-traits. | ||
| eigenständig erkennbar | self-sufficiently knowable | A validly knowable phenomenon that, when actually cognized, does not rely on actual cognition of or by something else, for instance actual cognition of the object's basis for labeling. | rang-rkya thub-pa'i rdzas-yod | |
| eigentliche Natur der Realität | very nature of reality | A synonym for voidness (emptiness). Some translators render the term as "thusness." | de-kho-na-nyid | tattvam |
| einfache Wahrnehmung | straightforward cognition | In the Gelug Prasangika system, cognition of an object, which occurs without relying on a line of reasoning in the moment immediately prior to it. Straightforward cognition may be either conceptual or nonconceptual. | mngon-sum | pratyaksha |
| Einfluss, erleuchtender | influence, enlightening | See: enlightening influence. | ||
| Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung, besonderes | taking of safe direction, special | See: special taking of safe direction. | ||
| Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung, bloßes | taking of safe direction, mere | See: mere taking of safe direction. | ||
| Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung, resultierendes | taking of safe direction, resultant | See: resultant taking of safe direction. | ||
| Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung, ursächliches | taking of safe direction, causal | See: causal taking of safe direction. | ||
| Einsicht | insight | A nontechnical term for an understanding of a deeper level of meaning of something that one did not understand so deeply before or not at all before. | ||
| Einstellung, nominell störende | attitude, nominal disturbing | See: nominal disturbing attitude. | ||
| Emanation, wundersame | emanation, miraculous | See: miraculous emanations. | ||
| Emotion, störende | emotion, disturbing | See: disturbing emotion. | ||
| emotionale Schleier | emotional obscurations | Fleeting stains that temporarily "cover" or accompany mental activity (more precisely, clear light mental activity), thereby preventing the mental activity from cognizing phenomena without accompanying disturbing emotions or attitudes. They include the disturbing emotions and attitudes, as well as their tendencies (seeds), and prevent the attainment of liberation from samsara, Also translated as "obscurations that are the disturbing emotions and attitudes"and "obscurations preventing liberation." | nyon-sgrib | kleshavarana |
| Empfängnis-Existenz | conception existence | The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being during which they experience conception. It lasts only one moment. Some translators render the term as "birth existence." | skye-srid | |
| Empfinden verschiedener Grade von Glücklichsein | feeling a level of happiness | One of the five ever-functioning subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors). The subsidiary awareness that accompanies each moment of sensory or mental cognition of a limited being before attaining liberation and with which that being experiences the ripenings of its own karma in the form of something within the spectrum of extreme unhappiness, through neutral, to extreme happiness. Also called "feeling." | tshor-ba | vedana |
| Empfindung / Gefühl | feeling | See: feeling a level of happiness. | ||
| endgültige Lehre / eindeutige Lehre | definitive teaching | A passage in a sutra text that discusses the most profound view of voidness, and to which all other passages in all other sutra texts eventually lead or point. Such passages do not need to be explained as indicating anything more profound. | nges-don | neyartha |
| Energie, karmische | energy, karmic | See: karmic energy. | ||
| Energiewind, subtiler | energy-wind, subtle | See: subtle energy-wind. | ||
| eng bindende Praktik / enge Bindung | closely bonding practice | See: bonding practice. | ||
| enge Bindung | close bond | See: bonding practice. | ||
| Engstirnigkeit | closed-mindedness | A mental factor of being naive about cause and effect or about reality, and being stubbornly closed to any suggestions from someone else. Sometimes used as a translation for "gti-mug, moha,naivety." See: naivety. | ||
| entfernte Linie | distant lineage | The lineage of a teaching that began with Buddha himself. | ring-brgyud | |
| enthüllende Berichte | revelatory accounts | One of the twelve scriptural categories. (1) Buddha's revelations of what has happened in the past or prophesies of what will occur in the future. (2) According to some explanations, scriptures of definitive meaning. | lung-bstan-pa | vyakarana |
| Entität | entity | A truly existent "thing," either objective or metaphysical, that exists as a findable "thing" on its own, established as that "thing" by its own power from its own side. | ||
| Entität, metaphysische | entity, metaphysical | See: metaphysical entity. | ||
| Entität, objektive | entity, objective | See: objective entity. | ||
| Entsagung | renunciation | (1) The definite determination to be free of samsara and to gain liberation, and with which one is willing to give up true suffering and true causes. Also translated as "determination to be free." (2) In Theravada, the mental factor to give up all attachment to worldly possessions, social status, and even one's body. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, it becomes a far-reaching attitude. | nges-'byung | naishkramya, ni:sarana, niryana (Pali: nekkhama) |
| Entsagung, kurzlebige, hocherregte | renunciation, short-lived all-excited | See: short-lived all-excited renunciation. | ||
| entscheidende Erklärungen | decisive explications | Precise indications of the meaning of the works in The Basket of Sutras by specifying the individual and general definitions of things. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | gtan-la phab-pa | upadesha |
| entscheidendes Gewahrsein | decisive awareness | See: ascertainment. | ||
| entscheidende Wahrnehmung | decisive cognition | See: ascertainment. | ||
| Entschlossenheit / Entschlusskraft | resolution | One of the ten far-reaching attitudes in the Theravada tradition. An attitude of determination with which a bodhisattva never abandons what he or she needs to do in order to benefit others. | byin-rlabs | adhisthana (Pali: adhitthana) |
| Entschluss, außergewöhnlicher | resolve, exceptional | See: exceptional resolve. | ||
| Entstehen, kognitives | arising, cognitive | See: cognitive arising. | ||
| Entstehenlassen | arise, making | See: making arise. | ||
| Entstehenlassen | giving rise to | See: making arise | ||
| Entstehenlassen | making arise | The mental activity of appearance-making, which causes a cognitive appearance (mental hologram) to occur as an object of cognition in a moment of a mental continuum. Also translated as: "giving rise to." | ||
| epische Darstellungen | epic presentations | Presentations of the vast and profound aspects of such topics as the six far-reaching attitudes (six perfections) and ten arya bodhisattva levels of bhumi-mind (ten bhumis) of The Basket of the Mahayana or Bodhisattva Sutras. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | shin-tu rgyas-pa | vaipulya |
| erarbeitet | labored | A state of mind, such as bodhichitta, generated by working oneself up to it, with deliberate effort, through a series of steps, each of which entails a line of reasoning. | rtsol-bcas | |
| Ergebnis, gereiftes | result, ripened | see: ripened result. | ||
| erhöhtes Gewahrsein | heightened awareness | See: advanced awareness. | ||
| Erhöhung | elevation | See: inspiration. | ||
| Erklärungen, entscheidende | explications, decisive | See: decisive explications. | ||
| erlangen / erreichen | attain | See: actualize. | ||
| erlangtes Nirvana / errungenes Nirvana | acquired nirvana | States of release from all samsaric sufferings and their true causes, which are attained through the power of meditation. | thob-pa'i mya-ngan 'das | |
| Erlaubnis, anschließende | permission, subsequent | See: subsequent permission. | ||
| erläuternde Berichte | illustrative accounts | Teachings of Buddha given with examples for ease of comprehension by the listener. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | rtogs-par brjod-pa | avadana |
| erleuchtender Einfluss | enlightening influence | The unceasing, unending, effortless activity of a Buddha, which helps bring all limited beings to higher rebirth, liberation, and enlightenment. Such activity does not require a Buddha actually doing anything: a Buddha's attainment itself exerts a positive influence on others to pacify disturbance, stimulate the growth of good qualities, bring disorder under control, and forcefully end any harm. Also translated as: "Buddha-activity." | 'phrin-las, | samudacara |
| erleuchtende Taten | enlightening deeds | According to Mahayana, a set of twelve actions or deeds in the life of a Buddha, with which a Buddha demonstrates to all limited beings the way to achieve enlightenment. | mdzad-pa | |
| Ermächtigung | empowerment | A tantric ritual that activates and empowers Buddha-nature factors to grow so that, through repeated, sustained tantric practice, they will eventually transform into the Three Corpuses (Bodies) of a Buddha. An empowerment also plants new seeds, or potentials, that will likewise grow in the same manner. The term is often translated as "initiation." | dbang | abhishekha |
| Errungenschaft, verwirklichte / Erlangung, verwirklichte | attainment, actual | See: actual attainment. | ||
| erscheinen | dawn | A verb used for the arising of a cognitive appearance on a mental continuum, in analogy with the sun rising at dawn, except that the cognitive appearance is not already existing somewhere hidden in the mind in some unconscious manner and then comes up to consciousness when it dawns. Also translated as "to arise." Tibetan alternative: 'char-ba. | shar-ba | |
| erscheinendes Objekt | appearing object | The mental hologram (mental representation) of any external or internal object of cognition, which a cognition gives rise to. Equivalent to the cognitively taken object. Sometimes used interchangeably with "mental aspect," and sometimes differentiated from "mental aspect" in the sense that a cognition takes on the "mental aspect" of its appearing object. | snang-yul | |
| Erscheinenlassen | appearance, giving rise to | See: appearance-making. | ||
| Erscheinenlassen | giving rise to appearances | See: appearance-making. | ||
| Erscheinung | appearance | The mental hologram (mental representation) of any external or internal object of cognition, which arises in the mind. Also called "cognitive appearance." | snang-ba | |
| Erscheinung, kognitive | appearance, cognitive | See: appearance. | ||
| Erscheinung, reflexive | appearance, reflexive | See: reflexive appearance. | ||
| Erscheinung, reine | appearance, pure | See: pure appearance. | ||
| Erscheinung, trügerische | appearance, deceptive | See: deceptive appearance. | ||
| Erscheinung, unreine | appearance, impure | See: impure appearance. | ||
| Erscheinungen hervorbringendes grundlegendes Rigpa | appearance-making basis rigpa | Pure awareness (rigpa) from the point of view of its aspect of spontaneously establishing appearances. Synonymous with the term "effulgent rigpa." | gzhi-snang-gi rig-pa | |
| Erscheinungen von nichtwahrer Existenz | appearances of non-true existence | In the Nyingma system, mental holograms of objects of cognition, which do not make them appear as if they were truly existent "this"s or "that"s. This occurs only with sensory and nonconceptual mental cognition. | med-snang | |
| Erscheinungsbild, geistiges | aspect, mental | See: mental aspect. | ||
| Erscheinungs-Hervorbringen, duales | appearance-making, dual | See: dualistic appearance-making. | ||
| Erscheinungs-hervorbringendes grundlegendes Rigpa | rigpa, appearance-making basis rigpa | See: appearance-making basis rigpa. | ||
| Erzählungen, ethische | narratives, ethical | See: ethical narratives. | ||
| Erzählungen aus alter Zeit | ancient narratives | Stories from ancient times that Buddha told. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | de-lta-bu byung-ba | itivrttika |
| Erzählungen aus alter Zeit | narratives, ancient | See: ancient narratives. | ||
| Erzeugungsstufe | generation stage | The first stage of anuttarayoga practice, during which one uses the powers of imagination to generate oneself in the form of a Buddha-figure and performs a sadhana. | bskyed-rim | |
| Erzeugung vor einem | front-generation | The part of a self-initiation in which one generates in front of oneself the supported and supporting mandalas from which one will receive the full empowerment. | mdun-bskyed | |
| essentielle Natur | essential nature | The general type of phenomenon that something is -- for instance, a sight, a sound, and so on. | ngo-bo | |
| essentielle Natur, gleiche | essential nature, same | See: same essential nature. | ||
| Essenz-Mahamudra | essence mahamudra | A pathway of mahamudra practice concerning the nature of the mind in which specially qualified disciples receive the inspiration of the realizations all the lineage masters through receiving a vajra deep awareness empowerment and thereby achieve realization of mind-itself, equivalent to a seeing pathway mind. As "those for whom it happens all at once," they achieve enlightenment simultaneously with this realization. Also known as "the singular sufficient white panacea." | snying-po'i phyag-chen | |
| Essenz-Rigpa | essence rigpa | Pure awareness (rigpa) from the point of view of it being primally pure and serving as the open space within which effulgent rigpa functions. | ngo-bo'i rig-pa | |
| ethische Erzählungen | ethical narratives | Rules, codified by Buddha for those who are ordained, concerning which actions constitute a breach of their vows. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | gleng-bzhi | nidana |
| ethische Selbstdisziplin | ethical self-discipline | (1) In Theravada, the subsidiary awareness (mental factor) to avoid doing any harm to others, by keeping one's vows, free from anger or ill-will even if others harm one. (2) The mental urge to safeguard the actions of one's body, speech, and mind, which comes from having turned one's mind away from any wish to cause harm to others and from the disturbing and destructive mental factors that had motivated one to harm others. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, it becomes a far-reaching attitude. | tshul-khrims | shila, (Pali: sila) |
| ethisch neutral | ethically neutral | See: unspecified phenomenon. | ||
| ethisch nicht näher bezeichnet | ethically unspecified | See: unspecified phenomenon. | ||
| etwas, das die wirkliche Natur besitzt | something possessing the actual nature | See: property-possessor. | ||
| Existenz, die durch Selbstnatur begründet ist | existence established by self-nature | Existence of something established or proven by the fact that the referent object of the imputation of it can be found upon searching for it. For example, the existence of a table established or proven by the fact that when one searches for the object that the mental label "table" refers to, one can find the object, a "table." Also translated as "self-established existence," it is often translated by others as "inherent existence." | rang-bzhin-gyis grub-pa | |
| Existenz, inhärente | existence, inherent | See: existence established by self-nature. | ||
| Existenz, wahre | existence, true | See: true existence. | ||
| Existenzbereiche, sechs | realms of existence, six | See: six planes of existence. | ||
| Existenz vor dem Tode | predeath existence | The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being starting from the moment immediately after conception until the moment immediately before death. Alternative Tibetan: sngon-gyi srid-pa. | sngon-dus-kyi srid-pa | |
| Existenz vor dem Tode | predeath existence | See: predeath existence, Tib. sngon-dus-kyi srid-pa. | sngon-gyi srid-pa | |
| Existierende | existents | Validly knowable phenomena. | yod-pa | |
| existierendes Phänomen | existent phenomenon | See: existents. | ||
| explizites Begreifen | explicit apprehension | In the Gelug system, apprehension of a cognitive object in which a cognitive appearance (mental hologram) of the involved object of the cognition arises. Compare: implicit apprehension. | dngos-su rtogs-pa | |
| explizite Wahrnehmung | explicit cognition | See: explicit apprehension. | ||
| explizit hinweisende Bedeutung | explicit suggestive meaning | One of the six alternative meanings. When an expression in a root tantra text has two dissimilar meanings, the literal, evident, or face value meaning of the expression. It suggests or leads one on to the second meaning (the implicit suggested meaning), which is dissimilar to what is actually said on face value. | drang-don | nityartha |
| extreme Auffassung | extreme outlook | The disturbing attitude that regards one's five samsara-perpetuating aggregates in either an eternalist or nihilistic way. (1) According to Vasubandhu, an extreme outlook that views the samsara-producing aggregate factors themselves as either lasting eternally or ending totally at death, with no continuity in future lives. (2) According to Tsongkhapa, a disturbing, deluded discriminating awareness that focuses on the conventional “me” and considers it either as having a truly existent identity permanently or as not having continuity in future lives. Alternative Tibetan: mthar-lta. | mthar-'dzin-pa'i lta-ba | antagrahadrshti |
| extrem kraftvoll | forceful | Using extremely strong actions or methods, such as yelling at someone or hitting someone, in order to make the person stop doing something harmful. Forceful methods are used only when all other methods to make the person stop have failed or are impossible in the situation. Some translators render the term as "wrathful," but this has an inappropriate connotation, since "wrathful," in English, is used for the Old Testament God, who, when people disobey Him, gets angry and punishes them. | drag-po | |
| extrem verschleiertes Phänomen | extremely obscure phenomenon | A validly knowable phenomenon that can be apprehended through authoritative texts or speech, such as the enlightening words of the Buddha, or that can be apprehended through the words of persons who are valid sources of information. | shin-tu lkog-gyur | |
| fabelhafte Berichte | fabulous accounts | Descriptions of such marvelous, wondrous things as the wisdom, extra-physical powers and saintly deeds of the Buddhas, pratyekabuddhas (self-realizers), and shravakas (listeners). One of the twelve scriptural categories. | rmad-du byung-ba | adbhutadharma |
| Fabrikation, getrennt von geistiger | fabrication, parted from mental | See: parted from mental fabrication. | ||
| fade und wirkungslos | flat | One's Dharma practice is flat when it is going nowhere, when it is not taking one anywhere. There is nothing lively in it anymore. "Flat" is usually used for sparkling water (soda water) or beer, when there are no more bubbles. | ||
| Fähige, der | Able One | An epithet of a Buddha - one who has been able to reach the goal of enlightenment and is able to benefit all beings as much as is possible. | thub-pa | muni |
| fähige Weise, der | Able Sage | See: Able One. | ||
| Fähigkeit, auf andere einzugehen | responsiveness | The influencing nature of pure awareness (rigpa) - namely, that it responds to others effortlessly and spontaneously with compassionate communication. See: responsive awareness. | thugs-rje | |
| Fahrzeug | vehicle | See: vehicle of mind. | ||
| Fahrzeug des Geistes | vehicle of mind | A level of state of mind that acts as either (1) a vehicle for bringing one to the spiritual goal of either liberation or enlightenment, or (2) the resultant goal of liberation or enlightenment to which one is brought. | theg-pa | yana |
| falsche Ansicht | wrong views, sixty-two | See: sixty-two wrong views. | ||
| falscher Lebenserwerb / falsche Methode des Lebenserwerbs | wrong livelihood | A dishonest means of earning a livelihood or procuring offerings. | log-'tsho | |
| fehlerhafte Betrachtung | incorrect consideration | See: paying attention in a discordant manner. | ||
| fehlerhafte Handlung | faulty actions | A set of forty-six actions that one vows to avoid and which, if committed, would be detrimental to one's practice of either one of the six far-reaching attitudes or to one's benefiting others. Also called: secondary bodhisattva vows. | nyes-byas | |
| Feindseligkeit | hostility | A subcategory of anger: anger directed primarily, although not exclusively, at limited beings. One of the three poisonous emotions and attitudes. See: anger. | zhe-sdang | dvesha |
| Feind-Zerstörer | foe-destroyer | See: arhat. | ||
| feinstoffliche Winde | subtle winds | See: subtle energy-winds. | ||
| fest | concrete | Solid, like cement -- a nontechnical term used to describe something with truly established findable existence. | ||
| festes „Selbst" / festes "Ich“ | concrete "me" | A nontechnical term for a truly existent "me," which would be the "me" to be refuted. See: solid "me." | ||
| feste Überzeugung | firm conviction | (1) According to Asanga, the mental factor (subsidiary awareness) that focuses on a fact that one has validly ascertained to be like this and not like that, and which makes one's belief that a fact is true so firm that others' arguments or opinions will not dissuade one. (2) According to Vasubandhu, the term means "regard": the mental factor that takes its object to have some level of good qualities – on the spectrum from no good qualities to all good qualities – and may be either accurate or distorted. | mos-pa | |
| Festhalten, geistiges | hold, mental | See: mental hold. | ||
| feststellend / feststellen | ascertain | See: decisively determine. | ||
| Feststellung / Vergewisserung | ascertainment | A decisive cognition of a cognitive object; decisively knowing what an object of cognition is or how it exists. Also translated as "decisive awareness" and "decisive cognition." Tibetan alternative: nges-pa. | gtan-la dbab-pa | |
| Feststellung / Vergewisserung | ascertainment | See: ascertainment, Tib. gtan-la dbab-pa. | nges-pa | |
| Feuerpuja | fire-puja | A tantric ritual, performed mostly upon completion of a mantra-recitation retreat of a Buddha-figure for which one has received an empowerment, during which one tosses into a fire a large number of specific substances, accompanied by elaborate visualizations. It is mostly performed in order to purify any mistakes one has made during the retreat. | sbyin-sreg | |
| Filigranschmuck | filigree | A piece of jewelry made of fine, intricately intertwined wires. A word used in the titles of many Buddhist texts to indicate that the subject matter is presented in a manner resembling a filigree, in which the various topics are intricately intertwined, resulting in a beautiful, elegant presentation of the material. Usually translated by others as "ornament." | rgyan | alamkara |
| fixierende Meditation | fixating meditation | See: stabilizing meditation. | ||
| Flatterhaftigkeit, geistige | flightiness, mental | See: flightiness of mind. | ||
| Flatterhaftigkeit des Geistes / geistige Flatterhaftigkeit | flightiness of mind | The mental factor with which the mind wanders to an object of attraction, due to desire for it or attachment, and which faults the mental abiding of mindfulness's mental hold on an object of focus. Sometimes translated as "mental agitation." | rgod-pa | |
| Fleck / Makel | stain | Something that obscures the Buddha-nature factors, preventing them from being fully realized. | dri-ma | |
| fleischliches Auge, außersinnliches | flesh eye, extrasensory | See: extrasensory flesh eye. | ||
| fokale Bedingung | focal condition | An external phenomenon that presents an aspect of itself to be an object of cognition, and thus serves as a condition giving rise to a sensory cognition of it. | dmigs-rkyen | alambanapratyaya |
| Formen physische Phänomene | forms of physical phenomena | Nonstatic phenomena that can either (1) transform into another form of physical phenomenon when two or more of them come into contact with each other, such as water and earth which can transform into mud, or (2) be known as what they are by analyzing their directional parts, such as the sight of a vase seen in a dream. Forms of physical phenomena include the nonstatic phenomena of forms and eye sensors, sounds and ear sensors, smells and nose sensors, tastes and tongue sensors, phyiscal sensations and body sensors, and forms of physical phenomena included only among cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena. Equivalent to the aggregate of forms of physical phenomena. | gzugs | rupa |
| Formen physischer Phänomene, die (ausschließlich) bei den kognitiven Anregern enthalten sind, die (alle) Phänomene sind | forms of physical phenomena included (only) among the cognitive stimulators that are (all) phenomena | Forms of physical phenomena that are not knowable by sensory consciousness, but are only knowable by mental consciousness. These include (1) those that make up other things by amassing together, (2) those existing in actual situations, (3) those arising from clearly taking them on, (4) totally imaginary forms, and (5) those arising from gaining control over the elements. | chos-kyi skye-mched-pa'i gzugs | |
| Formen physischer Phänomene, die andere Dinge bilden, indem sie sich ansammeln | forms of physical phenomena that make up other things by amassing together | Forms of physical phenomena included only among the cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena and which are the invisible objects, such as atoms and subatomic particles, that make up visible objects. | bsdud-pa-las gyur-pa'i gzugs | |
| Formen physischer Phänomene, die dadurch entstehen, dass man Kontrolle über die Elemente erlangt | forms of physical phenomena arising from gaining control over the elements | Forms of physical phenomena included only among the cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena and which are actually emanated by the power of absorbed concentration. | dbang-'byor-pa'i gzugs | |
| Formen physischer Phänomene, die dadurch entstehen, dass man sie eindeutig übernimmt | forms of physical phenomenon arising from clearly taking them on | Forms of physical phenomena included only among the cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena and which are acquired on a mental continuum, such as the nonrevealing forms of vows and of karmic actions. | yang-dag-par blangs-pa-las byung-ba'i gzugs | |
| Formen physischer Phänomene, die die funktionelle Natur des Geistes haben | forms of physical phenomena having the functional nature of mind | The type of subtle phenomena that the body of an arhat in a pure land is: although still included among cognitive stimulators that are forms of physical phenomena, they are visible only to the eye consciousness of arhats in pure lands. Although they are not ways of being aware of anything, their functional nature is similar to that of forms of physical phenomena that can be known only by mental consciousness. Synonymous with "mental bodies." | yid-kyi rang-bzhin gyi gzugs | |
| Formen physischer Phänomene, vollkommen imaginäre | forms of physical phenomena, totally imaginary | See: totally imaginary forms of physical phenomena. | ||
| Formen physischer Phänomene die in wirklichen Situationen existieren | forms of physical phenomena existing in actual situations | Forms of physical phenomena included only among the cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena and which are spaces that are in between objects and either too large or too small to be seen, such as the space in between astronomical bodies or in between atoms. | mngon-par skabs yod-pa'i gzugs | |
| Formkörper | Body of Forms | See: Corpus of Forms. | ||
| formloser Bereich | formless realm | See: plane of formless beings. | ||
| Freiheit von Selbst | selflessness | See: "lack of an impossible soul." | ||
| frei von etwas/ ohne/ bar einer Sache | devoid | Totally lacking something, in the sense that something never has in the past, never does in the present, and never will in the future possess a certain characteristic, whether that characteristic is a possibly existing one or an impossible one. | stong | |
| freudige Ausdauer | joyful perseverance | (1) In Mahayana, the mental urge that leads one to have zestful vigor for being constructive, without becoming lazy. With this mental factors, one takes joy in being constructive. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, it becomes a far-reaching attitude. (2) For Theravada, see: "perseverance." | brtson-'grus | virya |
| frisch und rein | fresh and clean | Arising anew in each moment without being stained by any mental constructs -- descriptive of pure awareness (rig-pa) in the dzogchen systems. | so-ma | |
| fühlendes Wesen | sentient being | See: limited being. | ||
| fünf Aggregate | five aggregates | See: five aggregate factors. | ||
| fünf Aggregat-Faktoren | five aggregate factors | The five networks that constitute all the nonstatic phenomena that could make up each moment of the mental continuum of each limited being: the aggregates of (1) forms of physical phenomena, (2) feelings of levels of happiness, (3) distinguishing, (4) other affecting variables, and (5) primary consciousnesses. | phung-po lnga | pancaskandha |
| fünf Arten des tiefen Gewahrseins | five types of deep awareness | Five types of principal awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The five are (1) mirror-like, (2) equalizing, (3) individualizing, and (4) accomplishing deep awareness, and (5) deep awareness of reality. Some translators render this term as "five Buddha-wisdoms." Compare: "deep awareness" (1). | ye-shes lnga | |
| fünf Buddhakörper | Five Buddha-Bodies | See: Five Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| fünf Buddhaweisheiten | five Buddha-wisdoms | See: five types of deep awareness. | ||
| fünf Hauptgebiete des Wissens | five major fields of knowledge | The major topics of study in the ancient Indian Buddhist monasteries: (1) art and craftsmanship, (2) medicine, (3) languages and grammar, (4) logic, and (5) inner or exceptional self-knowledge | rig-gnas lnga | |
| fünf Hindernisse | five obstacles | See: five obscurations. | ||
| fünf Körper eines Buddha | Five Corpuses of a Buddha | (I) In some presentations, (1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), (3) Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything (Jnanadharmakaya), (4) Corpus of Essential Nature of a Buddha (Svabhavakaya), and Vajra Corpus (Vajrakaya) of a Buddha. (II) In other presentations, (1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), (3) Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything (Jnanadharmakaya), (4) Corpus of Essential Nature (Svabhavakaya), and Corpus of Great Bliss (Mahasukhakaya) of a Buddha. (III) In other presentations, (1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), (3) Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything (Jnanadharmakaya), (4) Corpus of Essential Nature (Svabhavakaya), and (5) Corpus of Deep Awareness' Enlightening Influence of a Buddha. (IV) In yet other systems, (1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), (3) Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything (Jnanadharmakaya), (4) Vajra Corpus (Vajrakaya), and (5) Corpus of Manifest Enlightenment (Abhisambhodhikaya) of a Buddha. | sku-lnga | |
| fünf Schleier | five obscurations | A set of five mental factors that prevent the attainment of the three higher trainings, in ethical self-discipline, absorbed concentration, and discriminating awareness. According to Nagarjuna's Letter to a Friend, (1) flightiness of mind and regret, (2) foggy-mindedness, (3) indecisive wavering, (4) intentions toward sensory objects, and (5) malice. According to the Kalachakra Tantra, (1) regret, (2) foggy-mindedness, (3) sleepiness, (4) flightiness of mind, and (5) indecisive wavering. Also called: five obstacles. | sgrib-pa lnga | |
| funktionelle Natur | functional nature | The nature of a phenomenon defined in terms of the function that the phenomenon performs. | rang-bzhin | |
| Gabe / Opfer der ureigensten Natur der Realität | offering of the very nature of reality | Offering of a nonconceptual cognition of voidness with a blissful awareness or of one's nonconceptual blissful cognition of voidness together with one's appearance as an illusory body. | de-kho-na-nyid mchod-pa | |
| Gabe / Opfergabe | offering | Something presented, with respect and the intention to bring happiness and benefit, to someone else. | mchod-pa | |
| Gabe / Opfergabe, äußere | offering, outer | See: outer offering. | ||
| Gabe / Opfergabe, innere | offering, inner | See: inner offering. | ||
| Gabe / Opfergabe des Samadhi | offerings of samadhi | See: offerings of absorbed concentration. | ||
| Gabe / Opfergaben der tiefen Konzentration | offerings of absorbed concentration | Offerings made of various aspects of one's Dharma practice, visualized in the form of the outer offerings. Also called: offerings of samadhi. | ting-nge-'dzin-gyi mchod-pa | |
| Gebet der Aspiration | aspirational prayer | (1) A prayer for the attainment of a spiritual goal or of the circumstances conducive for reaching that goal. (2) In the context of the ten Mahayana far-reaching attitudes, a special discriminating awareness concerning phenomena toward which to aspire. This discriminating awareness is in connection with the aspiration never to be parted from a bodhichitta aim in all one's lifetimes and for the continuity of one's far-reaching activities for benefiting all beings never to be broken. | smon-lam | pranidhana |
| Geduld | patience | (1) In Theravada, the mental factor of not becoming angry at others' shortcomings, mistakes, or cruel deeds. (2) In Mahayana, the mental urge that leads one to be unperturbed by those who do harm and by suffering, so that one never become angry. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, patience becomes a far-reaching attitude. | bzod-pa | kshanti (Pali: khanti) |
| Gefühl der körperlichen und geistigen Leistungsfähigkeit | sense of physical and mental fitness | See: sense of fitness. | ||
| Gefühl der Leistungsfähigkeit | sense of fitness | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of feeling totally fit to do something, and which is both exhilarating and blissful, physically and mentally, but in a nondisturbing way. | shin-sbyangs | |
| Gegengötter | antigods | See: would-be divine. | ||
| geheimes Mandala | secret mandala | The offering of a blissful awareness, or of a nonconceptual blissful awareness of voidness with a clear-light mind. Also called: hidden mandala. | gsang-ba'i dkyil-'khor | |
| geheimes Opfer | secret offering | See: hidden offering. | ||
| Geist | mind | The cognitive activity of merely giving rise to an appearance or mental hologram of something knowable and cognitively engaging with it. | sems | chitta |
| Geist, der sie aufnimmt / der sie im Geist hält | objects taken and minds that take them | See: consciousness that takes objects and objects taken by consciousness. | ||
| Geist, gelassen beruhigter und zur Ruhe gekommener | mind, serenely stilled and settled | See: stilled and settled state of mind. | ||
| Geist, nicht erfindender | mind, noncontriving | See: noncontriving mind. | ||
| Geist, ursprünglicher | mind, primordial | See: primordial mind. | ||
| Geist des Klaren Lichts | clear light mind | See: clear light awareness. | ||
| Geist des klaren Lichts, tatsächlicher | clear light mind, actual | See: actual clear light mind. | ||
| Geistesfaktor | mental factor | See: subsidiary awareness. | ||
| Geisteshaltung, störende | attitude, disturbing | See: disturbing attitude. | ||
| Geisteshaltung, verzerrte, feindselige | attitude, distorted antagonistic | See: distorted antagonistic attitude. | ||
| Geisteshaltung / geistige Einstellung | attitude | A mental factor that takes its cognitive object by regarding it from a certain point of view. | blo | |
| Geisteshaltungen, weitreichende | attitude, far-reaching | See: far-reaching attitude. | ||
| Geisteskräfte, benennbare, mit oder ohne feste Form | mental faculties, nameable, with or without gross form | See: nameable mental faculties with or without gross form. | ||
| Geistesstrom | mind-stream | See: mental continuum. | ||
| Geistestraining | mind-training | See: attitude-training. | ||
| Geisteszustand, still gewordener und zur Ruhe gekommener | mind, stilled and settled state of | See: stilled and settled state of mind. | ||
| Geisteszustand von außergewöhnlicher Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit | exceptionally perceptive state of mind | A state of mind that, in addition to being stilled and settled (shamatha), is accompanied by an additional sense of fitness -- the subsidiary awareness of feeling totally fit to discern and understand fully the subtle details of anything. Vipashyana is not necessarily focused on voidness or on the four noble truths, although most commonly in sutra it is. Other translators render the term as "special insight." | lhag-mthong | vipashyana |
| Geisteszustand von außergewöhnlicher Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit | mind, exceptionally perceptive state of | See: exceptionally perceptive state of mind. | ||
| geistige Ableitung | mental derivative | (A) In Gelug, except in the case of Chittamatra and Yogachara Svatantrika: (1) In sensory nonconceptual cognition, a fully transparent appearing object, which is a mental aspect, similar to a mental hologram of an external objective entity, through which that external entity is directly cognized also as an appearing object of the cognition. (2) In conceptual cognition, a static conceptual category that is mentally constructed from all individual objective entities that fit into it and thus is a semitransparent, static, metaphysical entity. It is the appearing object through which a fully transparent mental representation of a specific objective entity is cognized. (B) In non-Gelug, except in the case of Chittamatra: (1) In sensory nonconceptual cognition, the opaque, directly cognized appearing object, which is a mental aspect similar to a mental hologram of an external objective entity that the cognition indirectly cognizes as its focal object, but not as an additional appearing object. (2) In conceptual cognition, a conceptually isolated item, an opaque metaphysical entity that stands for the mentally synthesized commonsense object and category in the cognition and which is the appearing object of the cognition. | gzugs-bsnyan | pratibimba |
| geistige Abschweifung / Abschweifung | mental wandering | A subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that causes the mind to lose concentration and to go on and on, uncontrollably from one object to another, due to any reason. | rnam-g.yeng | |
| geistige Aktivität, subtilste | mind, subtlest | See: subtlest mind. | ||
| Geistige Aktivität des klaren Lichts | clear light mental activity | See: clear light awareness. | ||
| geistige Artsynthese | kind mental synthesis | The type of phenomenon that a specific individual item is an instance of, such as “a table” imputed on a specific instance of something having legs and a flat surface. This is equivalent to the conventional identity of something. | rigs-spyi | |
| geistige Artsynthese | mental synthesis, kind | See: kind mental synthesis. | ||
| geistige Beständigkeit | mental constancy | See: mental stability. | ||
| geistige Darstellung / geistige Repräsentation | mental representation | Something that appears in a conceptual cognition. (1) In Gelug, a static, fully transparent conceptually isolated item through which the cognition cognizes the external object that the hologram resembles; equivalent to a mental aspect. (2) In non-Gelug, a static, partially transparent mentally synthesized commonsense object and category through which the cognition cognizes a conceptually isolated item (a mental aspect) that stands for a commonsense object. | snang-ba | |
| geistige Fabrikation | mental fabrication | An appearance of truly established existence that mental activity in a conceptual cognition produces and projects due to the habits of grasping for truly established existence. | spros-pa | prapanca |
| geistige Flatterhaftigkeit | mental flightiness | See: flightiness of mind. | ||
| geistige Konstrukte | mental construct | See: mental fabrication. | ||
| geistige Objektsynthese | mental synthesis, object | See: object mental synthesis. | ||
| geistige Objektsynthese | object mental synthesis | (1) The conceptual category of a commonsense object, such as a table, used when thinking of, verbalizing, imagining (visualizing), or remembering a commonsense object. (2) A specific commonsense object as a conceptual category into which fit all moments of anyone's mental or sensory cognition of any amount of parts of any of its sensibilia. | don-spyi | |
| geistiger Drang / geistiger Antrieb | mental urge | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that causes the mental activity to face an object or to go in its direction. In general, it moves a mental continuum to cognitively take an object. It is equivalent to mental karma and, according to Sautrantika, Chittamatra, Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, and the non-Gelug Prasangika-Madhyamaka schools, it is equivalent to physical and verbal karmas as well. | sems-pa | cetana |
| geistiger Impuls | mental impulse | See: karma. | ||
| geistiger Körper | mental body | The type of body that arhats in pure lands have. See: forms of physical phenomena having the functional nature of mind. | yid-lus | |
| geistige Ruhe | mental quiescence | See: stilled and settled state of mind. | ||
| geistige Sammelsynthese | collection mental synthesis | A whole imputed on spatial, sensorial, and/or temporal parts. | tshogs-spyi | |
| geistige Sammelsynthese | mental synthesis, collection | See: collection mental synthesis. | ||
| geistiges Bewusstsein | mental consciousness | A primary consciousness that can take any existent phenomenon as its object and which relies on merely the previous moment of cognition as its dominating condition and not on any physical sensors. | yid-kyi rnam-shes | manovijnana |
| geistiges Bezeichnen / geistiges Zuschreiben | mental labeling | To impute (project, superimpose), with conceptual cognition, an audio category (such as the word or name "table") or a meaning/object category (such as a "table" as an individual object) onto a basis (such as four legs and a flat board on top of them). Also translated as "imputation." | ming 'dogs-pa | |
| geistiges Erscheinungsbild | mental aspect | A nonstatic mental hologram, asserted by all Indian Buddhist tenet systems other than Vaibhashika, that is a likeness of an object of cognition, and which both conceptual and nonconceptual mental activity produces in order to cognize the object; the “mental shape” of the appearing object of a cognition. (1) According to Gelug, except in the case of Chittamatra and Yogachara Svatantrika, they are fully transparent so that through them, one directly cognizes external objects. (2) According to non-Gelug, they are opaque and thus allow only indirect cognition of external objects. | rnam-pa | akara |
| geistiges Festhalten | mental hold | The aspect of a cognition that describes the level of strength of maintenance of attention on the focal object, without letting go of it. Also translated as "mental glue," it is established by the subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of mindfulness and has two aspects: mental abiding and appearance-making. | 'dzin-cha | |
| geistiges Fixieren | mental fixation | The mental factor (subsidiary awareness) of maintaining mental placement on any object of cognition taken by any type of cognition, including sensory cognition. Also called "mentally fixating" and "concentration," it accompanies all cognitions and varies in intensity from very weak to very strong. When perfected, it becomes "absorbed concentration." | ting-nge-'dzin | samadhi |
| geistiges Kontinuum | mental continuum | The stream of continuity of mental activity (mind, awareness) of an individual being, which has no beginning, which continues even into Buddhahood, and, according to Mahayana, has no end. According to the Hinayana tenets, it comes to an end when an arhat or Buddha dies at the end of the lifetime in which the person attains liberation or enlightenment. Also called a "mind-stream." | sems-rgyud | santana |
| geistige Spiegelung / geistige Wiederspiegelung | mental reflection | See: mental derivative. | ||
| geistige Stabilität | mental stability | Single-pointed placement of the mind on any constructive focal object, without any mental wandering -- a stable state of mind that is not only free of flightiness and dullness, but is also not distracted by any disturbing emotion of the plane of sensory desires. In Mahayana, when conjoined with bodhichitta, a far-reaching attitude. Some translators render the term as "concentration." | bsam-gtan | dhyana |
| geistige Synthese | mental synthesis | The imputation of a conceptual category in which the bases for imputation are the individual sensibilia of a commonsense object, the parts of any of the sensibilia of a commonsense object, the moments in the continuum of a commonsense object, or items sharing a common defining characteristic. Synonymous with "conceptual category" and "category." | spyi | |
| geistige Trägheit | mental dullness | A mental factor (subsidiary awareness) faulting the appearance-making of mindfulness's mental hold on an object of focus. Some translators render the term as "sinking." | bying-ba | |
| geistige Umnebelung | foggy-mindedness | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of a heavy feeling of body and mind that makes the mind unclear, unserviceable, and incapable either of giving rise to a cognitive appearance of its object or of apprehending the object correctly. | rmugs-pa | |
| geistig Fixieren | mentally fixating | See: mental fixation. | ||
| geistig konstruierte Synthese | mentally constructed synthesis | See: mental synthesis. | ||
| geistig weitreichend, weitreichend-gesonnen | vast-minded | An adjective used to describe a Mahayana practice, practitioner, person, aim, or motivation. It implies something that involves a mind that is aimed at the vastest goal (enlightenment) for the vastest number of beings (everyone). | ||
| Geist selbst, der | mind-itself | In the Kagyu and Nyingma systems, the deepest nature of the mind. | sems-nyid | |
| gelassen beruhigter und zur Ruhe gekommener Geist | serenely stilled and settled state of mind | See: stilled and settled state of mind. | ||
| gelobte Enthaltung / Einschränkung / Zurückhaltung | vowed restraint | See: vow. | ||
| Gelübde | vow | (1) In the Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Madhyamaka schools other than Gelug Prasangika, the subsidiary awareness (mental factor) to restrain from a certain type of detrimental behavior, which, during a specific ceremony, one has formally promised to restrain from. (2) In the Vaibhashika and Gelug-Prasangika systems, a non-revealing form on a person's mental continuum that performs the same function as in (1) by shaping one's behavior. | sdom-pa | samvara |
| Gelübde, Bodhisattva- | vows, bodhisattva | See: bodhisattva vows. | ||
| Gelübde, tantrische | vows, tantric | See: tantric vows. | ||
| Gelübde der individuellen Befreiung / Gelübde für die individuelle Befreiung | vows for individual liberation | See: pratimoksha vows. | ||
| Gelübde-Präzeptor / die Gelübde abnehmender Präzeptor | vow preceptor | A spiritual mentor who has kept one or more of the sets of pratimoksha vows purely for a certain number of years and who confers on disciples one of the sets of pratimoksha vows that he or she has kept purely. | ||
| Gelug | Gelug | One of the New Translation traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, deriving from the reforms made by Tsongkhapa. | dGe-lugs | |
| gemeinsame Grundlage | common locus | A common locus of two sets of phenomena is an item that is a member of both sets. Sometimes translated as "common denominator." | gzhi-mthun | |
| gemeinsam entstehend / mit entstehend | co-arising | Arising simultaneously with each moment of experience, for example a blissful awareness itself or a blissful awareness of voidness, attained with complete stage practice of anuttarayogatantra. | lhan-skyes | sahaja |
| genaue Prüfung | scrutiny | See: subtle discernment. | ||
| Geräusch / Klang | sound | An object explicitly cognized by ear consciousness. | sgra | shabda |
| gereiftes Ergebnis | ripened result | A nonobstructive unspecified item conjoined with the mental continuum of a limited being, such as the body, consciousness, and feelings of happiness and unhappiness, and which comes from a ripening cause that was also conjoined with his or her mental continuum. | rnam-smin-gyi 'bras-bu | vipakaphalam |
| gereinigter Zustand | purified state | The state of a shravaka arhat, pratyekabuddha arhat, or a Buddha, in which the mental continuum of the person attaining this state has been purified of either the emotional obscurations or both the emotional and the cognitive obscurations. | byang-chub | bodhi |
| Geschick bezüglich der Mittel | skill in means | The special discriminating awareness concerning the most effective and appropriate internal methods for actualizing the Buddha's teachings and the most effective and appropriate external methods for making limited beings ripe for attaining liberation and enlightenment. In Mahayana, when conjoined with a bodhichitta, the seventh of the ten far-reaching attitudes. | thabs-mkhas | upayakaushalya, upaya |
| geschickte Mittel | skillful means | See: skill in means | ||
| Gesegnete, der/ der Heilige | Blessed One | See: Vanquishing Master Surpassing All. | ||
| Geshe | geshe | (1) In the Kadam tradition, a title given to a spiritual mentor and friend, especially those that are masters of attitude-training (lojong). (2) In the Gelig tradition, a title given to those who have completed the monastic education system. | dge-bshes | kalyanamitra |
| getrennt vom sich zu Geiste nehmen | parted from taking to mind | See: state parted from taking to mind. | ||
| getrennt von geistiger Fabrikation | parted from mental fabrication | See: state parted from mental fabrication. | ||
| getrennt von Verwirrung | confusion, dissociated from | See: untainted. | ||
| getrennt von Verwirrung | dissociated from confusion | See: untainted. | ||
| getrennt von Verwirrung | unassociated with confusion | See: untainted. | ||
| Gewahrsein | awareness | The most general, all-inclusive term for cognizing an object. It is used in the sense of both being aware of something and making something an object of awareness, but not necessarily as a conscious act of will or knowing what the object is. | ||
| Gewahrsein, allgemeines | awareness, general | See: general awareness. | ||
| Gewahrsein, begrenztes | awareness, limited | See: sem. | ||
| Gewahrsein, entscheidendes | awareness, decisive | See: ascertainment. | ||
| Gewahrsein, erhöhtes | awareness, advanced | See: advanced awareness. | ||
| Gewahrsein, Haupt- | awareness, principal | See: principal awareness. | ||
| Gewahrsein, Neben- | awareness, subsidiary | See: subsidiary awareness. | ||
| Gewahrsein, normales | awareness, normal | See: normal awareness. | ||
| Gewahrsein, reflexives | awareness, reflexive | See: reflexive awareness. | ||
| Gewahrsein, reines | awareness, pure | See: pure awareness. | ||
| Gewahrsein, spezifisches | awareness, specific | See: specific awareness. | ||
| Gewahrsein, tiefes | awareness, deep | See: deep awareness. | ||
| Gewahrsein, tiefes reflexives | awareness, reflexive deep | See: reflexive deep awareness. | ||
| Gewahrsein, unterscheidendes | awareness, discriminating | See: discriminating awareness. | ||
| Gewahrsein, ursprünglich reines | awareness, primally pure | See: primal purity. | ||
| Gewahrsein, vollbringendes | awareness, accomplishing | See: accomplishing deep awareness. | bya-grub ye-shes | |
| Gewahrsein des klaren Lichts | clear light awareness | The subtlest level of mental activity (mind), which continues with no beginning and no end, without any break, even during death and even into Buddhahood. It is individual and constitutes the mental continuum of each being. It is naturally free of conceptual cognition, the appearance-making of true existence, and grasping for true existence, since it is more subtle than the grosser levels of mental activity with which these occur. It has nothing to do with "light." | 'od-gsal | |
| Gewahrsein seines eigenen Angesichts | awareness of its own face | The nonconceptual cognition, by rigpa (pure awareness), of its own nature. | rang-ngo shes-pa | |
| Gewohnheit, karmische ständige | habit, karmic constant | See: karmic constant habit. | ||
| gewöhnliche Aufregung | ordinary commotion | The emotional ups and downs of overexcitement and depression in response to the eight transitory things in life: praise or criticism, good or bad news, gains or losses, things going well or poorly. | tha-mal 'du-'dzi | |
| gewöhnliches Wesen | ordinary being | A limited being who has not yet attained the state of an arya. In other words, someone who has not yet attained nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths. | so-so'i skye-bo | |
| gezügeltes Verhalten | tamed behavior | Ethical behavior with which one both restrains oneself from destructive actions and engages in constructive ones. | brtul-zhugs | |
| Glaube an eine Tatsache auf der Grundlage der Vernunft /aus Vernunftsgründen | belief in a fact based on reason | A constructive emotion that considers a fact about something to be true, based on having thought, with logic, about the reasons that prove it. Also called "confident belief." | yid-ches-kyi dad-pa | |
| Glaube an eine Tatsache mit einem klaren Verstand | belief in a fact, clearheaded | See: clearheaded belief in a fact. | ||
| Glaube an Tasachen | belief in facts | See: believing a fact to be true. | ||
| Glauben, dass eine Tatsache wahr ist | believing a fact to be true | A constructive emotion that focuses on something existent and validly knowable, something with good qualities, or an actual potential, and considers it either existent or true, or considers a fact about it as true. Some translators render the term as "faith." | dad-pa | shraddha |
| Glauben, dass eine Tatsache wahr ist, auf Grundlage der Vernunft | believing a fact to be true based on reason | See: belief in a fact based on reason. | ||
| Glauben an eine Tatsache mit einem Streben in diese Richtung / wobei man sie anstrebt | belief in a fact with an aspiration | A constructive emotion that considers true both a fact about something and a wish one holds about that object, such as that one can attain a positive goal and that one will attain it. | mngon-'dod-kyi dad-pa | |
| gleiche essentielle Natur | same essential nature | The relationship between two facts about the same attribute of a phenomenon. In a sense, the two facts are referring to the same phenomenon from two points of view. The two facts may be naturally inseparable, such as the two truths about the phenomenon, or they may constitute a joined inseparability arising from the power of meditation, such as a blissful awareness and an awareness of voidness. Some translators render the term as "one by nature." | ngo-bo gcig | |
| Gleichmut | equanimity | (1) The mental factor (subsidiary awareness) of having an equal attitude toward everyone. (2) In Theravada, when conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, the tenth of the ten far-reaching attitudes -- the attitude with which one does not expect anything in return for one's help, being indifferent to pleasure and pain, and to any benefit or harm one might receive. | btang-snyoms | upeksha (Pali: upekkha) |
| Gleichmut, bloßer | equanimity, mere | See: mere equanimity. | ||
| gleichsetzendes tiefes Gewahrsein | equalizing deep awareness | One of the five types of deep awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The deep awareness that is aware of several items as belonging equally to the same category, or as fitting into the same pattern. Also called: deep awareness of the equality of things. | mnyam-nyid ye-shes | |
| gleichzeitig auftreten | simultaneously arising | Two items simultaneously arise if, when one of them arises or happens, the other does also, at the same time. The two items may arise simultaneously either naturally or through the power of meditation. Also called: innate. | lhan-skyes | sahaja |
| gleichzeitig motivierendes Ziel / stattfindendes motivierendes Ziel | contemporaneous motivating aim | The motivating aim or intention that accompanies the impulse to start and to continue an action. | dus-kyi kun-slong | |
| gleichzeitig wirkende Bedingung | simultaneously acting condition | An item that must exist prior to the arising of something and which assists in making the arising happen, but which does not transform into what arises, for instance water for a sprout. | lhan-cig byed-pa'i rkyen | sahakaripratyaya |
| Glieder, die sich aus dem Realisierten ergeben | resultant links of what is actualized | In the twelve links of dependent arising, the two links of conception and aging and dying in a future rebirth thrown by the activated karmic aftermath of throwing karma. | mngon-par grub-pa'i 'bras-bu'i yan-lag | |
| Glorreiche, der | Triumphant One | An epithet of a Buddha - one who has triumphed over the emotional and cognitive obscurations. Some translators render the term as "Victorious One." | rgyal-ba | jina |
| Glücklichsein | happiness | That feeling which, when it stops, we wish to meet with it again. | bde-ba | sukha |
| glückseliges Gewahrsein | blissful awareness | A state of mind, either tainted or untainted, characterized by varying levels of intensity of happiness. Some of the untainted ones can be utilized in anuttarayoga tantra practice as the type of awareness with which to focus on voidness, and as an aid for dissolving the energy-winds in the central channel in order to gain access to clear light awareness. | bde-ba | sukha |
| Glückselig Gegangener | Blissfully Gone One | An epithet of a Buddha - one who has reached the blissful goal of enlightenment through methods that produce happiness along the way to reaching that goal. | bde-bar gshegs-pa | sugata |
| Glückseligkeit | bliss | See: blissful awareness. | ||
| goldenes Trankopfer | golden libation | (1) An offering of a liquid, most commonly alcohol, made usually to a Dharma protector and ideally offered in a golden bowl. (2) The ritual that accompanies this offering. | gser-skyems | |
| Götterwesen | being, divine | See: divine being. | ||
| Götterwesen | divine being | A limited (sentient) being in the rebirth state that, out of the six states of rebirth, has the least amount of suffering. This class of being includes some that are on the plane of sensory desires, and all beings on the plane of ethereal forms and the plane of formless beings. Also called a "god." | lha | deva |
| Gottheit, kraftvolle | deity, forceful | See: forceful deity. | ||
| göttliches Auge, außersinnliches | divine eye, extrasensory | See: extrasensory divine eye. | ||
| göttliches Ohr, außersinnliches | divine ear, extrasensory | See: extrasensory divine ear. | ||
| Greifen nach wahrer Existenz | grasping for truly established existence | (1) Both to cognize (literally, take as a cognitive object) the appearance of the world as having truly established existence, which the habits of this grasping cause the mind to fabricate and project, as well as believing this deceptive appearance to correspond to how things actually exist, (2) simply cognizing the appearance of the world as having truly established existence, without actually believing this deceptive appearance to correspond to how things actually exist. Gelug asserts both definitions, while non-Gelug asserts only the first. Abbreviated as "grasping for true existence." | bden-'dzin | satyagraha |
| grobes Feststellen | gross detection | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that investigates something roughly, such as detecting if there are mistakes on a page. According to Asanga, one of the four changeable subsidiary awarenesses. Also translated as "investigation." | rtog-pa | |
| grobe Unbeständigkeit | gross impermanence | The final destruction or disintegration of a nonstatic phenomenon. | mi-rtag-pa rags-pa | |
| große Liebe | great love | The wish for everyone to be happy and to have the causes for happiness. | byams-pa chen-po | mahamaitri |
| großes Annäherungsretreat | great approximation retreat | A three-year, three-month retreat focusing exclusively on one Buddha-figure (deity) system, in which one recites tens of millions of mantras and makes millions of offerings in fire pujas. | bsnyen-chen | |
| großes Fahrzeug | Greater Vehicle | See: Mahayana. | ||
| großes Mitgefühl | great compassion | The wish for everyone to be free from suffering and from the causes for suffering. | snying-rje chen-po | mahakaruna |
| großes Siegel | great seal | See: mahamudra. | ||
| große Vollendung | great completeness | See: dzogchen. | ||
| Großzügigkeit | generosity | (1) In Theravada, the mental factor of wishing to give material things to all beings, so that they may be happy, without investigating whether or not they are worthy to receive them. (2) In Mahayana, the mental urge that leads one to wish to give to others all that is one's own – one's body, material wealth, and the roots of one's constructive actions. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, it becomes a far-reaching attitude. Also translated as "giving." | sbyin-pa | dana |
| Grundlage der Zuschreibung | basis for imputation | See: basis for labeling. | ||
| grundlegendes Bewusstsein | foundation consciousness | See: all-encompassing foundation consciousness. | ||
| grundlegendes Rigpa | basis rigpa | Pure awareness (rigpa) from the point of view of it being a type of Buddha-nature or working basis for attaining enlightenment. | gzhi'i rig-pa | |
| gültige bloße Wahrnehmung | valid bare cognition | Bare cognition that is fresh and nonfallacious. See: bare cognition. | mngon-sum tshad-ma | pratyakshapramana |
| gültige einfache Wahrnehmung | valid straightforward cognition | Straightforward cognition that is nonfallacious. See: straightforward cognition. | mngon-sum tshad-ma | pratyakshapramana |
| gültig erkennbare Phänomene | validly knowable phenomena | Phenomena that can be the objects of valid cognition. Synonymous with "existents." | shes-bya | |
| gültige Wahnehmung | valid cognition | (1) According to Gelug Sautrantika, Gelug Chittamatra, and Gelug Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, a fresh, nonfallacious cognition. (2) According to Gelug Prasangika and all tenet systems according to non-Gelug, a nonfallacious cognition. | tshad-ma | pramana |
| Guru, Hingabe zum | devotion, guru | See: guru devotion. | ||
| Güte / gütige Handlung | kindness | A beneficial action that is of help to others. | drin | |
| gute Eigenschaften | good qualities | Helpful aspects or beneficial talents of a person that are corrections of inadequacies. | yon-tan | guna |
| Güte erinnern | kindness, remembering | See: remembering kindness. | ||
| Güte erinnern | remembering kindness | Remembering the kindness of motherly love, remembering all the beneficial things that all beings have shown us when they were our mothers. The second of the six part cause and effect quintessence teaching for developing bodhichitta. | drin-dran | |
| Güte zurückgeben | repaying kindness | Appreciating the beneficial things that all beings have shown us when they were our mothers and wishing to benefit them in return. The third of the seven part cause and effect quintessence teaching for developing bodhichitta. | drin-gso | |
| Handlung, fehlerhafte | action, faulty | See: faulty action. | ||
| Handlung, karmische | action, karmic | See: karmic action. | ||
| Handlung, natürlicherweise destruktive unsägliche | action, naturally destructive unspeakable | See: naturally unspeakable action. | ||
| Handlung, schwerwiegende | action, thick | See: thick action. | ||
| Handlung, unsägliche | action, unspeakable | See: unspeakable action. | ||
| Handlung, verbotene unsägliche | action, prohibited unspeakable | See: prohibited unspeakable action. | ||
| Hauptgewahrsein | principal awareness | Within a cognition, an awareness that consists of the composite of a primary consciousness and its accompanying set of subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors). The principal awareness is the way of being aware of the object of the cognition that is prominent and which characterizes the type of cognition that it is occurring -- for example, relative bodhichitta and the deep awareness of total absorption on voidness. | gtso-sems | |
| heilig | hallowed | Pure and worthy of the highest respect; sacred. | dam-pa | |
| herbeiführende Aggregate | obtaining aggregates | Aggregate factors of a limited being that include the causes that will obtain for that being further samsaric rebirth. | nyer-len-gyi phung-po | |
| herbeiführende Emotion | obtainer emotion | Equivalent to obtainer desire. | ||
| herbeiführende Geisteshaltung | obtainer attitude | A general term coined to refer to the last three "obtainers" that constitute the ninth link of dependent arising: (1) an obtainer deluded outlook, (2) holding deluded morality or conduct as supreme, and (3) asserting one's identity. | ||
| herbeiführendes Begehren | obtainer desire | The mental factor (subsidiary awareness) of longing desire specifically for some desirable sensory object on the plane of sensory desires. See: longing desire. Equivalent to the obtainer emotion, it is the first of the four "obtainers" that constitute the ninth link of dependent arising. | 'dod-pa nye-bar len-pa | |
| herbeiführende Ursache | obtaining cause | The cause from which a result is obtained and which transforms into the result. For example, a seed is the obtaining cause for a sprout, and a network of positive force (a collection of merit) is the obtaining cause for a Corpus of Forms (Form Body) of a Buddha. Some translators render the term as "material cause," but this term does not refer to the physical elements that make up something. | nyer-len-gyi rgyu | upadanahetu |
| herbeiführende verblendete Auffassung | obtainer deluded outlook | A set of three disturbing deluded outlooks on life that constitute the second of the four "obtainers" that constitute the ninth link of dependent arising: (1) a distorted outlook, (2) an extreme outlook, (3) holding a deluded outlook as supreme. | lta-ba nye-bar len-pa | |
| Herbeiführer | obtainer | A set of four disturbing emotions and disturbing attitudes: (1) obtainer desire, (2) an obtainer deluded outlook, (3) holding deluded morality or conduct as supreme, and (4) asserting one's identity, and which, when occurring at the time of death, constitute the ninth link of dependent arising. | len-pa | upadana |
| Hervorbringen von Erscheinungen / Erscheinungs-Hervorbringen | appearance-making | The aspect of mental activity that gives rise to (makes) a mental hologram of an object of cognition. | snang-ba | |
| Hervorbringen von Erscheinungen nichtwahrer Existenz | appearance-making of non-true existence | According to the Nyingma school, the aspect of a limited being's sensory or nonconceptual mental activity that gives rise to (makes) a mental hologram of objects of cognition without making them appear to be truly existent "this"s or "that"s, in the sense in which Madhyamaka defines true existence. | med-snang | |
| Hervorbringen von Erscheinungen wahrer Existenz | appearance-making of true existence | The aspect of a limited being's mental activity that gives rise to (makes) a mental hologram of seemingly true existence. It makes the mental holograms of objects of cognition appear to be truly existent, in the sense in which the Madhyamaka schools define true existence. In the non-Gelug systems, it occurs only with conceptual cognition and it makes appearances of objects of cognition to be truly "this"s and "that"s. | bden-snang | |
| hervorragender Gleichmut | distinguished equanimity | See: uncommon Mahayana equanimity. | ||
| herzerwärmende Liebe | heartwarming love | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) with which one has a feeling of closeness and warmth toward anyone one meets. | yid-'ong byams-pa | |
| himmlische Musiker | heavenly musician | See: those who sustain themselves on fragrances. | ||
| Hinayana | Hinayana | Literally, a "Modest Vehicle of Mind" -- levels and states of mind with a modest motivation - renunciation - and, with modest methods, lead to the modest goal of liberation. Some translators render the term as "Lesser Vehicle." | theg-dman | hinayana |
| Hindernisse, fünf | obstacles, five | See: five obscurations. | ||
| Hingabe zum Guru | guru-devotion | See: relating to a spiritual mentor in a healthy manner. | ||
| hingebungsvolles Herz | dedicated heart | See: bodhichitta. | ||
| Hinterlassenschaft | aftermath | See: karmic aftermath. | ||
| Hinterlassenschaft, karmische | aftermath, karmic | See: karmic aftermath. | ||
| hochverwirklichter Praktizierender | highly realized practitioner | See: arya. | ||
| hochverwirklichtes Wesen | highly realized being | See: arya. | ||
| höher entwickeltes Gewahrsein, den Geist anderer zu erkennen | advanced awareness of knowing other's minds | Cognition of others' thoughts and states of mind. One of the six types of advanced awareness gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental constancy (the first dhyana). | gzhan-sems shes-pa'i mngon-shes | |
| höher entwickeltes Gewahrsein / erhöhtes Gewahrsein | advanced awareness | Nonconceptual straightforward cognition of places, times, and distances that are obscure phenomena and of situations that are extremely obscure phenomena. A general term for both the five types of advanced awareness and the six extrasensory eyes, both of which are gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental constancy (the first dhyana). Sometimes also translated as "heightened awareness" or "extrasensory perception." | mngon-shes | abhijna |
| höher entwickeltes Gewahrsein außerphysischer Emanation | advanced awareness for extraphysical emanation | Cognition that is able to produce many different simultaneous emanations that are any one of three types: (1) physical emanations made of the five elements of earth, water, fire, wind, and space, (2) verbal emanations - speaking in such a way that various people can understand the words in their own languages and at their own levels of understanding, or (3) mental emanations of thoughts and levels of mind, such as awareness of many levels of meaning of a Dharma passage. One of the six types of advanced awareness gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental constancy (the first dhyana). | rdzu-'phrul-gyi mngon-shes | |
| höher entwickeltes Gewahrsein darüber, dass die befleckten Faktoren erschöpft sind | advanced awareness of the depletion of tainted factors | One of the six types of advanced awareness gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental constancy (the first dhyana). Cognition of one's own state of being rid forever of the emotional obscurations preventing liberation from samsara. | zag-pa zad-pa'i mngon-shes | |
| höher entwickeltes Gewahrsein der Erinnerung an vergangene Situationen | advanced awareness of recollection of past situations | Cognition of past lives. One of the six types of advanced awareness gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental constancy (the first dhyana). | sngon-gnas rjes-dran-gyi mngon-shes | |
| höher entwickeltes Gewahrsein des göttlichen Auges | advanced awareness of the divine eye | One of the six types of advanced awareness gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental constancy (the first dhyana). (1) According to the Karma Kagyu explanation, cognition of the different effects of karma on different beings, such as their future rebirths. (2) According to Gelug, cognition of gross (obvious) forms and subtle forms, including those at great distances in space and time. | lha'i mig-gi mngon-shes | |
| höher entwickeltes Gewahrsein des göttlichen Ohrs | advanced awareness of the divine ear | Cognition that is able to hear sounds at any distance and to understand them, regardless of language. One of the six types of advanced awareness gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental constancy (the first dhyana). | lha'i rna-ba'i mngon-shes | |
| Hörallgemeines | audio universal | See: audio category. | ||
| Hörer | hearer | See: shravaka. | ||
| Hörer | listener | See: shravaka. | ||
| horizontale geistige Synthese | horizontal mental synthesis | A kind mental synthesis that extends over many instances of the same type of phenomenon, such as many tables. | thad-ka'i spyi | |
| Hörkategorie | audio category | The conceptual category of the sound of a word or name, in which the sound of all individual pronunciations of the word or name fit, regardless of the voice, volume, or pronunciation with which it is spoken. | sgra-spyi | |
| Ich, solides | me, solid | See: solid "me." | ||
| Identitätslosigkeit | identitylessness | See: "lack of an impossible soul." | ||
| Ignoranz | ignorance | See: unawareness. | ||
| immer arbeitender geistiger Faktor | ever-functioning mental factor | See: ever-functioning subsidiary awareness. | ||
| immer arbeitendes Nebengewahrsein | ever-functioning subsidiary awareness | According to Asanga, a set of five subsidiary awarenesses that accompany every moment of cognition: feeling a level of happiness, distinguishing, an urge, contacting awareness, and paying attention or taking to mind. | kun-'gro | |
| implizierendes Negierungs-Phänomen | implicative negation phenomenon | An exclusion of something else in which, after the sounds of the words that exclude the object to be negated have negated that object, they leave behind in their wake, explicitly or implicitly, something else. Some translators render the term as "affirming negation." | ma-yin dgag | |
| implizierte Objekte / angedeutete Objekte | implied object | See: conceptualized object. | ||
| implizites Begreifen | implicit apprehension | In the Gelug system, apprehension of a cognitive object in which a cognitive appearance (mental hologram) of the involved object itself does not arise; only a cognitive appearance of the basis for imputation of the involved object arises. Compare: explicit apprehension. | shugs-la rtogs-pa | |
| implizit hingewiesene Bedeutung | implicit suggested meaning | One of the six alternative meanings. When an expression in a root tantra text has two dissimilar meanings, the meaning that is dissimilar to the literal, evident, or face value meaning of the expression. It is the meaning suggested by the literal (explicit suggestive) meaning and to which one is led by that literal meaning. | nges-don | neyartha |
| Impuls, geistiger | impulse, mental | See: karma. | ||
| Impuls, karmischer | impulse, karmic | See: karma. | ||
| Impuls, weiter zu existieren | further existence impulse | See: karmic impulse that actualizes a further existence. | ||
| Impulse, beeinflussende | impulses, affecting | See: affecting impulses | ||
| indirekte Wahrnehmung | indirect cognition | According to the non-Gelug presentation, the type of cognition that a present moment of sensory consciousness has of the immediately preceding moment of an external sense object, which no longer exists. Compare: direct cognition. | shugs-la shes-pa | |
| individualisierendes tiefes Gewahrsein | individualizing deep awareness | One of the five types of deep awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The deep awareness that singles out an object and is aware of it as a unique, individual item. Also called: deep awareness of the individuality of things. | sor-rtog ye-shes | |
| individuelle definierendes characteristisches Merkmal | individual defining characteristic mark | Something findable on the side of an object that establishes the identity or features of that object and which serves as the basis for that object being labeled by the names, words, and concepts for it, as well as for its qualities. Alternative Tibetan: rang-mtshan. | rang-gi mtshan-nyid | svalakshana |
| inhärent | inherent | The English word "inherent" means something inside an object that is there by means of the nature of that object, It is used in Buddhism to mean something inside an object, by nature of that object, which, by its own power, establishes that the object exists in general and exists specifically as "this" or "that." | ||
| inhärente Existenz | inherent existence | See: existence established by self-nature. | ||
| Initiation | initiation | See: empowerment. | ||
| inneres Mandala | inner mandala | A world-system represented by parts of the human body and used as an object of offering. | nang-gi dkyil-'khor | |
| inneres Opfer | inner offering | An offering made of the flesh of various animals and various bodily fluids and wastes, representing either the five tainted aggregates and five bodily elements or the ten energy-winds, and which are specially "elevated" and transformed into pure nectar. | nang-mchod | |
| innewohnend | innate | See: simultaneously arising. | ||
| in seinen eigenen Ort hinein auflösen | release itself in its own place | See: automatically release itself in its own place. | ||
| Inspiration | inspiration | (1) A transformation that someone or something confers, literally by means of a "brightening," into a state of heightened power and ability resembling the position or status of the person or thing that confers it. (2) In the meaning of "elevation," transformation of one's body, speech, and mind, or offering substances, into pure aspects, done during a tantric ritual. Some translators render the term as "blessing." Alternative Tibetan: byin-rlabs. | byin-gyis rlabs | adhishthana |
| Intellekt | intellect | The mental activity that gives rise to conceptual cognition -- most commonly, to verbal conceptual thought. | blo | |
| Intelligenz | intelligence | The ability to discriminate between what is correct and what is incorrect, and between what is helpful and what is harmful. | blo-gros | |
| Interesse / Besorgnis / Fürsorge | concern | See: caring attitude. | ||
| Jenang | jenang | See: subsequent permission. | ||
| Jnana-Dharmakaya | Jnana-dharmakaya | See: deep awareness Dharmakaya. | ||
| Kadam-Schule | Kadam | One of the New Translation Period traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, deriving from Atisha's visit to Tibet. After its branches were merged and reformed, it continued as the Gelug tradition. | bKa'-gdams | |
| Kagyü | Kagyu | One of the New Translation Period traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. It has two branches, Shangpa Kagyu deriving from Kyungpo Neljor and Dagpo Kagyu deriving from the line Naropa, Marpa, Milarepa, and Gampopa. | bKa'-brgyud | |
| Kama | Kama | The god of desire in Hindu mythology. | 'dod-pa'i lha | |
| Kangyur | Kangyur | The collection of the Tibetan translations of the enlightening words of the Buddha. | bKa'-'gyur | |
| Kanjur | Kanjur | See: Kangyur. | ||
| Karma | karma | (1) In all Tibetan Buddhist systems except Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika, equivalent to a subcategory of the mental factor (subsidiary awareness), an urge. It is the mental factor that brings the mind in the direction of a specific physical, verbal, or mental action. (2) In the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika, with respect to mental karmic actions, it is the mental factor of the urge that brings the mind in the direction of that action. With respect to physical or verbal karmic actions, it is (a) the revealing form of the physical impulse of the physical action or the sound of the words of the verbal action, plus (b) the nonrevealing form of the subtle invisible "vibration" of the action, which continues during and after the action. Some translators render the term "karma" as "action." (3) A general term used loosely for behavioral cause and effect. Also called: karmic impulse. | las | karma |
| karmische Energie | karmic energy | A general term for both positive and negative karmic energy. A constructive or destructive phenomenon that is the first phase of the karmic force of a karmic action.(1) In all Tibetan Buddhist systems except Vaibhashika and the Gelug Prasangika presentation, it is equivalent to the karmic action itself, from the point of view of what will ripen into a result intermittently. (2) In the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika systems, this is the case only regarding mental karmic actions. With regard to physical and verbal karmic actions, it is equivalent to the karma of the action -- both its revealing and nonrevealing forms. | ||
| karmische Gewohnheit | karmic habit | A synonym for "karmic latency." | bag-chags | vasana |
| karmische Handlung | karmic action | A physical, verbal, or mental action brought on by and sustained by a karmic impulse. | ||
| karmische Hinterlassenschaft | karmic aftermath | A general, nontechnical term for everything left over on someone's mental continuum as a consequence of having committed a karmic action. It includes karmic potentials, a network of karmic force, karmic tendencies, and karmic constant habits. According to the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika tenet systems, also included, for physical and verbal actions, is a second phase of subtle karmic energy. | ||
| karmische Kraft | karmic force | A general term for both positive and negative karmic force -- the type of karmic aftermath that is either a constructive or destructive phenomenon and which will ripen into a result intermittently. (1) In all Tibetan Buddhist systems except Vaibhashika and the Gelug Prasangika presentation, it has two phases (a) the karmic energy, referring to the karmic action itself, and (b) the karmic potential, which is the karmic force that has taken on the essential nature of a karmic tendency (karmic seed). (2) In the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika system, this is the case only regarding mental karmic actions. With regard to physical and verbal karmic actions, the karma of the action -- both its revealing and nonrevealing forms, as well as the karmic force that has taken on the essential nature of a karmic tendency. | ||
| karmische Kraft, die die essentielle Natur angenommen hat, eine karmischen Tendenz zu sein | karmic force that has taken on the essential nature of a karmic tendency | A synonym for "karmic potential." | sa-bon-gyi ngo-bor gyur-ba | |
| karmische Kraft, negative | karmic force, negative | See: negative karmic force. | ||
| karmische Kraft, positive | karmic force, positive | See: positive karmic force. | ||
| karmische Latenz | karmic latency | A general term for all karmic aftermath -- namely, karmic potentials, karmic tendencies, and karmic constant habits. | bag-chags | vasana |
| karmischer Impuls | karmic impulse | See: karma. | ||
| karmischer Impuls, der eine weitere Existenz realisiert | karmic impulse for further existence | A karmic impulse that activates the karmic aftermath of throwing karma just before one dies, thus enabling the aftermath to ripen into a next rebirth. Abbreviated as "further existence." | yang-srid sgrub-pa'i las | |
| karmisches Potenzial | karmic potential | A general term for either positive or negative karmic potential. The phase of a karmic force that is a type of either constructive or destructive karmic aftermath, imputable as a noncongruent affecting variable on one's mental continuum after having committed a karmic action and which ripens into a result intermittently. (1) In all Tibetan Buddhist systems except Vaibhashika and the Gelug Prasangika presentation, it follows immediately after the karmic action ceases. (2) In the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika systems, this is the case only with mental karmic actions. In the case of physical and verbal karmic actions, it is the phase of karmic force that follows immediately after the nonrevealing form of the action ceases. | ||
| karmische ständige Gewohnheit | karmic constant habit | A type of karmic aftermath, imputable on one's mental continuum as an unspecified (ethically neutral) noncongruent affecting variable after having committed a karmic action, and which ripens into a result every moment until a true stopping of it has been achieved. Some translators render it as "habit" or "instinct." | bag-chags | vasana |
| karmisches Vermächtnis | karmic legacy | A general term for all karmic aftermath that ripen into a result intermittently -- namely, karmic potentials and karmic tendencies. | sa-bon | bija |
| karmische Tendenz | karmic tendency | A type of karmic aftermath that is ethically neutral (unspecified as being either constructive or destructive), which is imputable on one's mental continuum after having committed a karmic action, and which ripens into a result only intermittently. Literally, a "karmic seed." | sa-bon | bija |
| karmische Winde | winds of karma | In the Kalachakra system, the subtle energy-winds that carry the impulses of karma -- either the karmic impulses that draw one into actions or the karmic impulses with which one carries out physical or verbal actions. | las-kyi rlung | |
| Kategorie / Klasse / Gruppe / Gattung | category | A phenomenon shared in common by the individuals on which it is imputed. Some translators render the term as "universal" or "generality." For a fuller definition, see: conceptual category. | spyi | |
| kausale Glieder, die realisieren | causal links that actualize | In the twelve links of dependent arising, the three links of craving, an obtainer, and further existence, which activate the karmic aftermath of throwing karma in the moments preceding death so that the karmic results will actualize. Thus, they serve as the simultaneously acting conditions for the aggregates of a next rebirth. | bsgrub-byed-kyi yan-lag | |
| kausale Glieder, die werfen | causal links that throw | In the twelve links of dependent arising, the two and a half links of unawareness, affecting impulses, and causal loaded consciousness, which describe the process through which throwing karma is built up and its karmic aftermath is "planted" on a mental continuum as the cause for a next rebirth. | 'phen-byed-kyi yan-lag | |
| kausales motivierendes Ziel | causal motivating aim | What someone intends or aims to do just before starting to do something and which causes the person to do it. | rgyu'i kun-slong | |
| Kaya | kaya | See: Corpus of a Buddha. | ||
| Klammergeist [Hungergeist] | clutching ghost | One of the three worse rebirth states, characterized by the suffering of being unable to satisfy basic needs, such as hunger and thirst, and caused primarily by miserliness. Translated by most others as "hungry ghost," which is a literal rendering of the Chinese translation for the term, adopted by the Chinese in reference to the spirits of departed ancestors that suffered when not presented with regular offerings of food. | yi-dags | preta |
| Klang-Allgemeines | sound universal | See: audio category. | ||
| klaren Lichts, Gewahrsein des | awareness, clear light | See: clear light awareness. | ||
| klar erkennende Analyse | discerning analysis | See: subtle discernment. | ||
| klar erkennende Meditation | discerning meditation | A method for habituating oneself to an insight, understanding, or state of mind, with which one focuses on an object and generates the desired insight, understanding, or state of mind about it, through using the mental factors of gross detection (investigation) and subtle discernment (scrutiny). The method may also entail applying a line reasoning that one has already understood and become convinced of its validity. Many translators render the term as "analytical meditation." | dpyad-sgom | |
| klares Licht, objekthaftes | clear light, object | See: object clear light. | ||
| Klarheit | clarity | As a defining characteristic of mind, the ability, mental activity, or event of making cognitive objects arise -- or giving rise to cognitive objects -- so that they can be cognized. According to the Gelug tradition, a mental hologram of the cognitive object need not even arise in the cognition, since the object may be implicitly cognized. Clarity is not some sort of light in one's head that has varying intensity and illuminates objects that are already present. Nor does it have anything to do with an object of cognition being in focus or being understood. Moreover, giving rise to a cognitive object has no implication of passivity or lack of responsibility on the one hand, or conscious will on the other. As an event, clarity just naturally happens every moment of every mental continuum. | gsal | |
| klar und scharf | in focus | The appearance of something as being sharp and clear, not blurry. | gsal-ba | |
| klebrige Anhaftung | sticky attachment | The disturbing emotion that exaggerates the good qualities of an object that one possesses, that clings to it like glue, and does not wish to let go. | chags-pa | sneha |
| Kleines Fahrzeug | Lesser Vehicle | See: Hinayana. | ||
| Klesha | klesha | See: disturbing emotion or attitude. | ||
| kognitiv aufnehmen (eines Objektes) | cognitively taking an object | Cognizing an object - taking a validly knowable phenomenon as an object of cognition in the sense of cognizing it with either a valid or invalid way of knowing. | 'dzin-pa | graha |
| kognitiv aufzunehmen, Art ein Objekt | cognitively taking an object, way of | See: way of cognitively taking an object | ||
| kognitive Anreger, die Anblicke sind | cognitive stimulators that are sights | Forms of physical phenomena that may be cognized by either visual or mental consciousness. | gzugs-kyi skye-mched | |
| kognitive Erscheinung | cognitive appearance | See: appearance. | ||
| kognitiver Anreger / Anreger der Wahrnehmung | cognitive stimulator | See: stimulators of cognition. | ||
| kognitiver offener Raum | cognitive open space | Rigpa (pure awareness) from the point of view of its essential nature as that which underlies and allows for the arising of appearances and the cognizing of them, with the latter being more prominent. Synonymous with essence rigpa and the cognitive sphere. | klong | |
| kognitiver Raum | cognitive space | See: cognitive open space. | ||
| kognitive Schleier | cognitive obscurations | Fleeting stains that temporarily "cover" or accompany mental activity (more precisely, clear light mental activity), thereby preventing the mental activity from simultaneously cognizing the two truths about all phenomena. Also translated as "obscurations about all knowables" and "obscurations preventing omniscience." | shes-sgrib | jneyavarana |
| kognitives Entstehen | cognitive arising | A cognitive appearance that has arisen on a mental continuum. | snang-ba | |
| kognitive Sphäre | cognitive sphere | Rigpa (pure awareness) from the point of view of its essential nature as that which underlies and allows for the arising of appearances and the cognizing of them, with the latter being more prominent. Synonymous with essence rigpa and the cognitive open space. | dbyings | dhatu |
| kognitives Sichbefassen | cognitive engagement | A manner of cognizing an object. | 'jug-pa | |
| kongruent | congruent | The relationship between ways of being aware of something in the same cognition, in which two or more of these ways share five things in common. Compare: congruent affecting variables. | mtshungs-ldan | |
| kongruente beinflussende Variablen teilen | sharing five congruent factors | Subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors) that share five things in common with the primary consciousness of the cognition in which they occur. (1) According to Vasubandhu: reliance, object, mental aspect, time, and natal source. (2) According to Asanga: natal source, focal aspect, essential nature, time, and plane and bhumi-level of mind. | mtshungs-ldan lnga | |
| konstruktiv | constructive | States of mind, or physical, verbal, or mental actions motivated by them, which ripen into happiness to be experienced by the person on whose mental continuum they occur. Since the term carries no connotation of moral judgment, the translation "virtuous" is misleading for this term. | dge-ba | kushala |
| Kontaktbewusstsein | contacting awareness | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that differentiates that the object of a cognition is pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral, and thus serves as the foundation for experiencing it with a feeling of happiness, unhappiness, or a neutral feeling. | reg-pa | sparsha |
| Kontinuum, geistiges | continuum, mental | See: mental continuum. | ||
| Konvention | convention | A word or phrase, agreed upon by a society or an individual, and used in speech and thought to refer to something. | tha-snyad | vyavahara |
| konventionelles allgemein verständliches Objekt | conventional commonsense object | Literally: conventional objects that one actually experiences when one cognizes them. An object of ordinary experience to which a word or concept refers, and which endures over time and extends over the sensibilia of one or more senses. | tha-snyad spyod-yul | |
| konventionelles Bodhichitta | conventional bodhichitta | A mind or heart focused first on the benefit of all limited beings and then on one's own individual not-yet-happening enlightenment, imputable on the basis of the Buddha-nature factors of one's mental continuum, with the intention to attain that enlightenment and to benefit others by means of that attainment. | kun-rdzob-gyi byang-chub-gyi sems | |
| konventionelles Objekt der Erfahrung | conventional object of experience | See: conventional common sense object. | ||
| konventionelles wahres Phänomen | conventional true phenomenon | See: superficial true phenomenon. | ||
| konventionelle Wahrheit | conventional truth | See: superficial truth. | ||
| Konzentration | concentration | See: mental fixation. | ||
| Konzentration, tiefe | concentration, absorbed | See: absorbed concentration. | ||
| Konzept | concept | A general term for a universal, a category, or a mental label. A concept of something need not be verbal. For example, one has a concept of what a pretty face looks like, what one's mother looks like, what a good soup tastes like, what a properly tuned guitar sounds like, what a valid line of reasoning is, what one plus one equals, and so on. | rtog-pa | |
| konzeptuell | conceptual | Together with a concept. | rtog-bcas | |
| konzeptuell anklammern | conceptually cling | In the context of a conceptual cognition, a category's implying an actual object that corresponds to it, as if the category were attached to that "conceptually implied object." Also translated as "conceptually imply." | zhen-pa | |
| konzeptuell darauf schließen lassen / konzeptuell implizieren | conceptually imply | See: conceptually cling. | ||
| konzeptuelle Kategorie | conceptual category | (1) A general term for both audio categories and meaning/object categories. Some translators render the term as "universal" or "generality." (2) A set to which individual items sharing a common defining characteristic belong. It is mentally constructed (mentally fabricated) by a mental synthesis of individual items that are instances of it, or by a mental synthesis of the spatial, sensorial, and/or temporal parts on which it is imputed (labeled). Sometimes translated as "mental synthesis" or just "synthesis." | spyi | |
| konzeptuell Erfassen | conceptualization | The process whereby one cognizes objects conceptually. | ||
| konzeptuell erfasstes Objekt | conceptualized object | The object about which a conceptual cognition gives rise to a universal, a category, or a mental label through which to think of it. Literally, the object on which a concept clings. Also called: implied object or conceptually implied object. | zhen-yul | |
| konzeptueller Gedanke | conceptual thought | See: conceptual cognition. | ||
| konzeptuelle Wahrnehmung | conceptual cognition | The cognition of an object through the medium of a metaphysical entity, namely a universal, a category, or a mental label. Conceptual cognition imputes (mentally labels) a metaphysical entity on the object that the mental aspect it assumes resembles, and mixes and confuses the two. | rtog-pa | |
| konzeptuell implizieren / konzeptuell darauf schließen lassen | imply, conceptually | See: conceptually cling. | ||
| konzeptuell impliziertes Objekt | conceptually implied object | See: conceptualized object. | ||
| konzeptuell isoliertes Element | conceptually isolated item | The type of “nothing-other-than” that arises in conceptual cognition and which represents the actual involved objects of the conceptual cognition. They are static phenomena, equivalent to conceptual representations. (1) According to Gelug, they are fully transparent static phenomena that are different from semitransparent conceptual categories. Equivalent to “items conceptually isolated by themselves” and “items conceptually isolated by categories.” Also called "distinguishers" or "isolates."(2) Accordant non-Gelug, they are equivalent to semitransparent conceptual categories. | ldog-pa | |
| Körper, Regenbogen- | body, rainbow | See: rainbow body. | ||
| Körper, subtiler | body, subtle | See: subtle body. | ||
| Körper, subtilster | body, subtlest | See: subtlest body. | ||
| Körper, Vajra- | body, vajra | See: vajra-body. | ||
| Körper der erleuchtenden Formen | Corpus of Enlightening Forms | See: Corpus of Forms. | ||
| Körper der essentiellen Natur | Body of Essential Nature | See: Corpus of Essential Nature. | ||
| Körper der essentiellen Natur | Corpus of Essential Nature | (1) In the Gelug non-Kalachakra system, the voidness of a Buddha's omniscient mind and its state of being parted from the two sets of obscurations. (2) In the Gelug Kalachakra system, the blissful awareness aspect of a Buddha's omniscient mind. (3) In the Non-Gelug systems, the inseparability of all the Corpuses of a Buddha - equivalent to the inseparability of the two truths. Also called: Body of Essential Nature, Nature Body. | ngo-bo-nyid sku | svabhavakaya |
| Körper der Formen | Corpus of Forms | A network of forms in which a Buddha appears in order to benefit others. It includes both the subtle forms of a Corpus of Full Use and the grosser forms of a Corpus of Emanations, Also called: Corpus of Enlightening Forms, Form Body, Body of Forms. | gzugs-sku | rupakaya |
| Körper der großen Glückseligkeit | Body of Great Bliss | See: Corpus of Great Bliss. | ||
| Körper des tiefen allumfassenden Gewahrseins | Body of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything | See: Corpus of Deep Awareness' Encompassing Everything. | ||
| Körper des tiefen allumfassenden Gewahrseins | Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything | The deep awareness aspect of a Buddha's mind, which is equally aware of the two truths simultaneously, without any break. Also called: Body of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything, Deep Awareness Dharmakaya. Some translators render this term as "Wisdom Dharmakaya." | ye-shes chos-sku | jnana-dharmakaya |
| Körper des tiefen Gewahrseins erleuchtenden Einflusses | Body of Deep Awareness' Enlightening Influence | See: Corpus of Deep Awareness' Enlightening Influence. | ||
| Körper eines Buddha | Corpus of a Buddha | A network of enlightening features or aspects of a Buddha, such as those of a Buddha's body, speech, or mind, which are attained with enlightenment and which help to lead others to enlightenment. | sku | kaya |
| Körper eines Buddha, drei | Corpuses of a Buddha, Three | See: Three Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Körper eines Buddha, fünf | Corpuses of a Buddha, Five | See: Five Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Körper eines Buddha, vier | Corpuses of a Buddha, Four | See: Four Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Körper eines Buddha, zwei | Corpuses of a Buddha, Two | See: Two Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Körper großer Glückseligkeit | Corpus of Great Bliss | In the dzogchen system, the blissful awareness aspect of a Buddha's omniscient mind. | bde-ba chen-po'i sku | mahasukhakaya |
| körperliche Sensoren der Wahrnehmung | physical cognitive sensors | Out of the six cognitive sensors, the five that are forms of physical phenomena -- namely, (1) the photosensitive cells of the eyes, (2) the sound-sensitive cells of the ears, (3) the smell-sensitive cells of the nose, (4) the taste-sensitive cells of the tongue, and (5) the physical sensation-sensitive cells of the body. | ||
| körperliches Wesen | embodied being | A being with a limited body. Any being other than a Buddha. Synonymous with "limited being," "sentient being." | lus-can | dehin |
| Körpermandala | body mandala | A network of Buddha-figures arranged inside the body of a Buddha-figure. | lus-dkyil | |
| Körper manifester Erleuchtung | Body of Manifest Enlightenment | See: Corpus of Manifest Enlightenment. | ||
| Körper manifester Erleuchtung | Corpus of Manifest Enlightenment | According to some dzogchen systems, the appearance-making aspect of the deep awareness of a Buddha's pure appearance. In other words, the appearance-making aspect of a Buddha's omniscient mind. | mngon-byang-gi sku | abhisambhodhikaya |
| Körper tiefen Gewahrseins erleuchtenden Einflusses | Corpus of Deep Awareness' Enlightening Influence | In some dzogchen systems, the spontaneous, effortless positive influence that a Buddha's omniscient mind exerts on others. Also called: Body of Deep Awareness' Enlightening Influence. Some translators render the term as "Wisdom Activity Body." | ye-shes 'phrin-las sku | |
| Körper vollen Gebrauchs | Body of Full Use | See: Corpus of Full Use. | ||
| Körper vollen Gebrauchs | Corpus of Full Use | (1) According to sutra, the network of subtle forms, which make full use of the Mahayana teachings, and in which a Buddha appears in order to teach arya bodhisattvas. (2) According to non-Kalachakra anuttarayoga tantra, the network of all the speech of a Buddha. (3) According to Kalachakra, the network of both the subtle forms and the speech of a Buddha. Also called Body of Full Use. Some translators render this term as "Enjoyment Body." Alternative Tibetan: longs-sku. | longs-spyod rdzogs-pa'i sku | sambhogakaya |
| Körper vollen Gebrauchs | Corpus of Full Use | See: Corpus of Full Use, Tib. longs-spyod rdzogs-pa'i sku | longs-sku | sambhogakaya |
| Kraft, karmische | force, karmic | See: karmic force. | ||
| Kraft, positive | force, positive | See: positive karmic force. | ||
| Kräfte, außerphysische | powers, extraphysical | See: extraphysical emanations. | ||
| Kräfte, außersinnliche | powers, extrasensory | See: advanced awareness. | ||
| kraftvolle Gottheit | forceful deity | An emanation of a Buddha in a form of great strength, usually surrounded by flames representing deep awareness, and terrifying, so as to chase away disturbing emotions, interferences, and other harm. Often translated by others as "wrathful deity," although there is no connotation here of "wrath" as in "the wrath of God." Although the Sanskrit and Tibetan terms, here, mean literally "angry," this does not refer to anger as a disturbing emotion, but rather to the strong force of anger to get rid of something detrimental to spiritual well-being and progress. | khro-bo | kroddha |
| kreative Energietropfen | creative energy-drops | Subtle forms of pure essence, found in the subtle energy-channels of the subtle body and which, through anuttarayoga complete stage practice, can function as the seed for generating of a blissful awareness. | thig-le | bindu |
| kreative Tropfen, subtile | creative drops, subtle | See: creative energy-drops. | ||
| künstlich | artificial | See: contrived. | ||
| künstlich / gekünstelt | contrived | A state of mind mentally constructed through conceptual thought, such as by going through a line of reasoning. Also translated as "artificial." Alternative Tibetan: bcos-ma. | bcos-ma | |
| kurzlebige, hocherregte Entsagung | short-lived all-exited renunciation | The enthusiastic and fanatic giving up of everything worldly, often based on blind faith that an external source will save us. | sna-thung spu-sud-kyi nges-'byung | |
| Lamrim | lamrim | See: lam-rim. | ||
| Lam-rim | lam-rim | Graded path; graded stages of the path; graded stage of motivation; graded stages of pathway minds. A course of training in the Mahayana sutra teachings through which one makes progress by developing graded stages of motivation, which act as pathway minds leading to enlightenment. | lam-rim | |
| Latenz | latency | See: karmic latency. | ||
| Latenz, karmische | latency, karmic | See: karmic latency. | ||
| lediglich anstrebender Zustand des anstrebenden Bodhichitta | merely aspiring state of aspiring bodhichitta | The initial state of aspiring bodhichitta, with which one focuses on one's own future enlightenment and merely has the intention to attain it and to benefit all beings by means of it. Also called: the mere state of aspiring bodhichitta. | smon-sems smon-pa-tsam | |
| lediglich anstrebendes Bodhichitta | merely aspiring bodhichitta | See: merely aspiring state of aspiring bodhichitta. | ||
| Leere | emptiness | See: voidness. | ||
| Leerheit | voidness | An absence of an impossible way of existing. The impossible way of existing has never existed at all. Translators often render the term as "emptiness." | stong-pa-nyid | shunyata |
| Leerheit, anderes | voidness, other | See: other-voidness. | ||
| Leerheit, selbst | voidness, self | See: self-voidness. | ||
| Leerheit-Form | void form | See: devoid form. | ||
| Leerheit verwirklichen / Leerheit erkennen | realize voidness | To gain a stable, correct understanding of voidness, either conceptually or nonconceptually, such that it brings about a lasting attainment and change in the person who has it. | stong-nyid rtogs-pa | |
| Leerheit verwirklichen / Leerheit erkennen | voidness, realize | See: realize voidness. | ||
| Lehre, auslegbare | teaching, interpretable | See: interpretable teaching. | ||
| Lehre, eindeutige / Lehre, endgültige | teaching, definitive | See: definitive teaching. | ||
| Lehrer, spiritueller | teacher, spiritual | See: spiritual teacher. | ||
| Lehrsystem | tenet system | A set of principles or assertions of a particular traditional Indian school of philosophy or of astronomical calculations. | grub-mtha' | siddhanta |
| Lehrsysteme | systems of tenets | See: tenet system. | ||
| Leiden, alles umfassendes | suffering, all-pervasive | See: all-pervasively affecting suffering. | ||
| Leiden, alles umfassendes | suffering, all-pervasively affecting | See: all-pervasively affecting suffering. | ||
| Leiden der Veränderung | suffering of change | The suffering of ordinary happiness, which never lasts, never satisfies, and which eventually turns into the suffering of suffering. | 'gyur-ba'i sdug-bsngal | |
| Leiden des Leidens | suffering of suffering | The suffering of gross pain or unhappiness. | sdug-bsngal-gyi sdug bsnal | |
| Leidenschaft | emotional affliction | See: disturbing emotion or attitude. | ||
| leidvolle Phänomene | miserable phenomena | One of the four aspects of true sufferings. The five aggregate factors from the point of view of their being under the control of the true origins (true causes) of suffering and thus are subject to one or more of the three types of suffering without any break. | sdug-bsngal-ba | du:kha (duhkha) |
| Leistungsfähigkeit, Gefühl der | fitness, sense of | See: sense of fitness. | ||
| letztendliche Ebene / höchste Ebene | ultimate level | The final, most profound level of something. Sometimes also translated as "deepest level" or "ultimate deepest level." | mthar-thug | |
| letztendliche Quelle der sicheren Ausrichtung | ultimate source of safe direction | The Buddhas, as the only ones with full sets of true stoppings and true pathway minds on their mental continuums. | mthar-thug-gi skyabs-gnas | |
| letztendliches Bodhichitta | ultimate bodhichitta | See: deepest bodhichitta. | ||
| letztendliches Fahrzeug des Geistes | ultimate vehicles of mind | According to the tenets of the Chittamatra Followers of Scripture, three vehicles of mind that lead to three different final goals -- shravaka arhatship, pratyekabuddha arhatship, and Buddhahood -- which, once one has been attained, do not allow for the person who has attained it to achieve one of the other two goals. Thus, shravaka arhats and pratyekabuddha arhats cannot attain enlightenment. | mthar-thug theg-pa | |
| letztendliches Phänomen, mit Worten erfassbares | ultimate phenomenon, denumerable | See: denumerable ultimate phenomenon. | ||
| letztendliches Phänomen, nicht mit Worten erfassbares | ultimate phenomenon, nondenumerable | See: nondenumerable ultimate phenomenon | ||
| letztendliche Wahrheit | ultimate truth | See: deepest truth. | ||
| Lichtheit | lucidity | A quality of a well-concentrated mind with which the mind remains fresh in each moment. | dvangs | |
| Liebe | love | (1) The wish for someone to be happy and to have the causes for happiness. (2) In Theravada, when conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, the ninth of the ten far-reaching attitudes -- the attitude to work to bring about the welfare and happiness of others, even when doing so requires self-sacrifice. | byams-pa | maitri (Pali: metta) |
| Liebe, fürsorgliche | love, caring | See: love. | ||
| Liebe, große | love, great | See: great love. | ||
| Liebe, herzerwärmende | love, heartwarming | See: heartwarming love. | ||
| Liebe, sich liebevoll kümmernde | love, cherishing concerned | See: cherishing concerned love. | ||
| Liebevolle Güte | loving-kindness | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) with which one not only wishes others to be happy and to have the causes for happiness, but with which one also acts towards others in a helpful manner. | brtse-ba | |
| Linie, entfernte | lineage, distant | See: distant lineage. | ||
| Linie, nahe | lineage, near | See: near lineage. | ||
| Lojong | lojong | See: attitude-training. | blo-sbyong | |
| Longde | longdey | See: open space division. | klong-sde | |
| Madhyamaka | Madhyamaka | A Mahayana school of Indian Buddhism that does not assert the true existence of anything. One of the four Indian Buddhist tenet systems studied by all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. | dbu-ma | |
| Mahamudra | mahamudra | Literally, "the great seal," a Mahayana meditation practice that focuses on the nature of the mind. | phyag-rgya chen-po | mahamudra |
| Mahamudra, Essenz- | mahamudra, essence | See: essence mahamudra. | ||
| Mahamudra, Mantra- | mahamudra, mantra | See: mantra mahamudra. | ||
| Mahamudra, Pfad- | mahamudra, pathway | See: pathway mahamudra. | ||
| Mahamudra, Sutra- | mahamudra, sutra | See: sutra mahamudra. | ||
| Mahayana | Mahayana | Literally, a "Vast Vehicle of Mind" - levels or states of mind that, with a vast motivation of bodhichitta, employ vast methods for reach the vast goal of enlightenment. Some translators render the term as "Greater Vehicle." | theg-chen | mahayana |
| Mahayana-Meister | Mahayana master | A spiritual mentor in whose presence disciples take bodhisattva vows. In a broader sense, a spiritual mentor whose teachings on compassion and bodhichitta lead disciples to develop aspiring and engaged bodhichittas, and then to take bodhisattva vows. | ||
| Mahayoga | mahayoga | Within the Nyingma classification scheme of nine vehicles of mind, the class of tantra leading to dzogchen practice but with the main emphasis and detail on generation stage practice. | ma-ha yo-ga | |
| Mandala | mandala | In general, a round symbol used to represent a meaning. Most often used to represent a world system. | dkyil- 'khor | mandala |
| Mandala, äußeres | mandala, outer | See: outer mandala. | ||
| Mandala, dreidimensionales | mandala, three-dimensional | See: three-dimensional mandala. | ||
| Mandala, inneres | mandala, inner | See: inner mandala. | ||
| Mandala, Körper- | mandala, body | See: body mandala. | ||
| Mandala, Stoff- | mandala, cloth | See: cloth mandala. | ||
| Mandala, unterstützendes | mandala, supporting | See: supporting mandala. | ||
| Mandala, unterstützes | mandala, supported | See: supported mandala. | ||
| Mandala aus gestreutem Sand | mandala, powdered sand | See: powdered sand mandala. | ||
| Mandala aus gestreutem Sand | powdered sand mandala | A two-dimensional representation, made of powdered colored minerals, which is like an architectural blueprint of the three-dimensional palace, environment, and Buddha-figures of a symbolic world system, and used for conferring a tantric empowerment. | rdul-phran-gyi dkyil-'khor | |
| manifeste Wahrnehmung | manifest cognition | A cognition in which the consciousness gives rise to a mental hologram of a cognitive object and, in which, the cognitive object appears, through that hologram, both to the person and to the consciousness of the manifest cognition. Both the person and the manifest consciousness cognitively take it – both cognize or “know” it. | shes-pa mngon-gyur-ba | |
| Mantra | mantra | Sets of syllables and, often, additional Sanskrit words and phrases, all of which represent enlightening speech and which, when repeated, protect the mind from destructive states. While repeating the mantras of a Buddha-figure, one imagines having the abilities to communicate perfectly to everyone the complete means for eliminating suffering and reaching enlightenment. Mantras shape the breath, and consequently the subtle energy-winds, enabling one to bring the winds under control for use in meditation practice. | sngags | mantra |
| Mantra-Ansammlung, Mantra-Sammlung | mantra-gathering | A tantric ritual for giving disciples confidence in the accuracy of a mantra, in which the vowels and consonants of the Sanskrit alphabet are written with colored powder in a grid on the surface of a metal mirror and the tantric master reads out, one by one, the grid location of the consonant and vowel for each syllable of the main mantra. After each specification of the consonant and vowel of a syllable, an assistant takes some colored powder from the mirror and uses it to write the syllable on the surface of another metal mirror. | sngags-btus | |
| Mantra-Mahamudra | mantra mahamudra | Meditations on the nature of the mind with regard to the subtlest mind, clear light. | sngags-kyi phyag-chen | |
| Meditation | meditation | The repeated practice of generating and focusing on a beneficial state of mind in order to build it up as a habit. | sgom | bhavana |
| Meditation, klar erkennende | meditation, discerning | See: discerning meditation. | ||
| Meditation, stabilisierende oder verankernde | meditation, stabilizing | See: stabilizing meditation. | ||
| Meditationstrainer | meditation trainer | A teacher who instructs one in the mechanics of meditation, such as the correct posture. | ||
| meditative Ausgewogenheit | meditative equipoise | See: total absorption. | ||
| Mengenlehre | set theory | Set theory has to do with the logical pervasions between two or more sets -- mutually exclusive, totally congruent, overlapping, etc. A set is a collection or a group of many items, like the set of all nonstatic phenomena. | bsdus-grva | dura |
| Mentor, spiritueller | mentor, spiritual | See: spiritual mentor. | ||
| Merkmalsbesitzer | property-possessor | A member of the set of phenomena possessing a certain property, such as voidness as its actual nature. | chos-can | |
| metaphysische Entitäten | metaphysical entities | In the Sautrantika and Chittamatra tenet systems, those phenomena, the existence of which is established by their being merely imputed by conceptual cognition and which are superficial (relative, conventional) true phenomena. According to Sautrantika, they include all static phenomena; according to Chittamatra, they include all static phenomena other than voidnesses, true stoppings, and nirvanas. (1) In the Gelug system, they are the appearing objects of only conceptual cognitions, although they are not the actual cognitive appearances in those cognitions. They may be validly cognized not only by valid conceptual cognition, but also implicitly by valid nonconceptual cognition. (2) In the non-Gelug systems, they can only be validly cognized by valid conceptual cognition. Also translated as "generally characterized phenomena." | spyi-mtshan | samanyalakshana |
| Methode der Realisierung | method of actualization | See: sadhana. | ||
| metrische Verse | metered verses | Two-to-six-lined verses composed by Buddha. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | tshigs-su bcad-pa | gatha |
| Mitgefühl | compassion | The wish for someone to be free from suffering and from the causes for suffering. | snying-rje | karuna |
| Mitgefühl | compassionate sympathy | See: compassion. | ||
| Mitgefühl, großes | compassion, great | See: great compassion. | ||
| mit klarem Kopf daran glauben, dass eine Tatsache wahr ist | clearheadedly believing a fact to be true | See: clearheaded belief in a fact. | ||
| mit Verwirrung verbunden | confusion, associated with | See: tainted. | ||
| mit Verwirrung verbunden | mixed with confusion | See: tainted. | ||
| mit Worten erfassbare letzendliche Phänomene | denumerable ultimate phenomenon | Voidnesses that are validly cognized conceptually. They are “denumerable” in the sense that they can be counted among what appears to minds validly cognizing phenomena through mentally labeling them with words and concepts. | rnam-grangs-pa'I don-dam | |
| Möchtegern-Gott | would-be divine | A class of limited beings characerized by extreme jealousy toward the divine beings, with whom they continually fight. Also translated as "quasi-divine beings," "anti-gods," or simply as "asuras." | lha ma-yin | asura |
| Moment | moment | The smallest unit of time. | skad-cig | ksana |
| Monade | monad | An undifferentiated, partless whole, either the size of an atom or the size of the universe, asserted by non-Buddhist schools of Indian philosophy as descriptive of the atman, the "soul" of a person. | gcig | |
| monastischer Sangha / Sangha der Mönche | monastic sangha | See: Sangha. | ||
| Mönchsgemeinschaft | monastic community | See: Sangha. | ||
| moralische Selbstwürde | moral self-dignity | As defined by Asanga, the sense to refrain from negative behavior because of caring how one's actions reflect on oneself. | ngo-tsha shes-pa | hri |
| Motivation | motivation | When used in Western languages, a state of mind that entails two mental factors (subsidiary awarenesses): a motivating aim and a motivating emotion. A motivating aim is the mental factor of an intention – the intention to reach a certain goal for a certain purpose. A motivating emotion is the mental factor of the positive or negative emotion, such as love and compassion, or jealousy and greed, which accompanies the intention and moves one to attain that goal. | ||
| motivierender geistiger Rahmen | motivating mental framework | A state of mind that accompanies a karmic urge or impulse and which is a cluster of three mental factors (subsidiary awarenesses): distinguishing an object on which to focus the action, the motivating aim of what one intends to do with or to that object, and a motivating emotion or attitude. | bsam-pa | |
| motivierendes Ziel | motivating aim | Synonymous with intention. See: intention. | kun-slong | |
| mühelos | unlabored | A state of mind, such as bodhichitta, generated instantly without needing to work oneself up to it, with deliberate effort, through a series of steps, each of which entails a line of reasoning. | rtsol-med | |
| müheloses Bodhichitta | unlabored bodhichitta | A bodhichitta aim that arises automatically and effortlessly, without need to build up to it through steps or by relying on lines of reasoning. | rtsol-med byang-sems | |
| mündliche Übertragung | oral transmission | A ceremony during which a spiritual teacher reads aloud or recites from memory, without any mistakes, a Buddhist text or mantra to disciples who listen attentively. The teacher needs to have heard, himself or herself, the words of the text or mantra recited faultlessly by his or her own teacher, who likewise heard it in this manner in an unbroken lineage tracing back to Buddha or to the author of the text. The ceremony insures the accurate transmission of the words, although neither the teacher reciting them nor the disciple hearing them need to understand their meaning. | lung | |
| Musiker, himmlische | musician, heavenly | See: those who sustain themselves on fragrances. | ||
| Mutter | mother-awareness | The recognition of all beings as having at some time been one's mother. The first of the seven-part cause and effect quintessence teaching for developing bodhichitta. | mar-shes | |
| nachfolgende Erlangung | subsequent attainment | A state of mind having the joined pair of shamatha and vipashyana, and in which absorbed concentration is focused single-pointedly on a voidness that is like an illusion. It is attained only upon rising from total absorption on space-like voidness and may occur either while still in meditation or after arising from meditation. It may be either conceptual or nonconceptual. Sometimes translated as "subsequent realization." Other translators often render the term as "post-meditation." | rjes-thob | |
| nachfolgende Phase des Erlangens | attainment, subsequent | See: subsequent attainment. | ||
| nachfolgende Verwirklichung | subsequent realization | See: subsequent attainment. | ||
| nachfolgende Wahrnehmung | subsequent cognition | One of the seven ways of knowing something: a nonfraudulent, but not fresh, cognition of an object. It is the second phase of a valid bare cognition or inferential cognition, and is asserted only by the Gelug Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Svatantrika tenet systems. | bcad-shes | |
| nahe Linie | near lineage | The lineage of a teaching that did not begin with Buddha himself, but began with an Indian or Tibetan master, usually through a pure vision. | nye-brgyud | |
| Naivität | naivety | A subcategory of unawareness. The unawareness of behavioral cause and effect or of reality that accompanies only destructive states of mind or behavior. One of the three poisonous emotions. | gti-mug | moha |
| Natur, essentielle | nature, essential | See: essential nature. | ||
| Natur, funktionelle | nature, functional | See: functional nature. | ||
| Natur, tatsächliche | nature, actual | See: actual nature. | ||
| Natur-Körper | Nature Body | See: Corpus of Essential Nature. | ||
| natürlich andauernde Familieneigenschaften | naturally abiding family-traits | (1) In the Chittamatra system, the seeds that, without beginning, are imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being and which serve as factors allowing that being to attain one of the three purified states. (2) In the Madhyamaka systems, the voidnesses imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being. | rang-bzhin gnas-rigs | |
| natürlicherweise destruktive unsägliche Handlung | naturally destructive unspeakable action | See: naturally unspeakable action. | ||
| natürlicherweise unsägliche Handlungen | naturally unspeakable action | A negative action which, because it is destructive by nature, ripens into the experience of suffering by anyone who commits it. | rang-bzhin-gyi kha-na ma-tho-ba | |
| natürliches Nirvana | natural nirvana | Equivalent to voidness (emptiness), the natural state of all phenomena being released from impossible ways of existing. Asserted only by the Mahayana tenet systems. | rang-bzhin-gyi mya-ngan 'das | |
| natürliche Untrennbarkeit | natural inseparability | The relationship between two items, in which when one is the case or is occurring, then automatically so is the other. | rang-bzhin dbyer-med | |
| natürlich untrennbare Aspekte | naturally inseparable aspects | See: natural inseparability. | ||
| Nebengelübde des Bodhisattvas | secondary bodhisattva vows | See: faulty actions. | ||
| Nebengewahrsein | subsidiary awareness | A way of cognizing an object that accompanies a primary consciousness, sharing five things in common with that consciousness, and which qualifies or helps with the cognition of the object. Also called "mental factor." | sems-byung | caitika |
| negative karmische Kraft | negative karmic force | The type of karmic force associated with a destructive action and which ripens intermittently into unhappiness and the suffering of problems and pain. Also called: "negative karmic potential." Some translators render it as "sin." See: karmic force. | sdig-pa | papa |
| negative Kraft | negative force | See: negative karmic force. | ||
| negatives Potenzial | negative potential | See: negative karmic force. | ||
| negierend erkanntes Phänomen / durch Negierung erkanntes Phänomen | negatingly known phenomenon | See: negation phenomenon. | ||
| Negierung | negation | See: negation phenomenon. | ||
| Negierung | nullification | See: negation phenomenon. | ||
| Negierungs-Phänomen | negation phenomenon | An item, or a truth about an item, defined in terms of the exclusion of something else, in which an object to be negated is explicitly precluded by the conceptual cognition that cognizes the phenomenon. Also translated as: "negation," "nullification," "refutation." | dgag-pa | |
| Negierungs-Phänomen, implizierendes | negation phenomenon, implicative | See: implicative negation phenomenon. | ||
| Negierungs-Phänomen, nichtimplizierendes | negation phenomenon, nonimplicative | See: nonimplicative negation phenomenon. | ||
| Netzwerk des tiefen Gewahrseins | network of deep awareness | A constructive noncongruent affecting variable imputable on the moments of conceptual or nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths or of voidness, on the mental continuum of a limited being, when followed by a bodhichitta dedication, and which functions as the obtaining cause for the Dharmakaya of a Buddha. Also called: "bountiful store of deep awareness." Some translators render the term as "collection of wisdom" or "collection of insight." | ye-shes-kyi tshogs | jnanasambhara |
| Netzwerk positiver Kraft | network of positive force | A constructive noncongruent affecting variable imputable on the positive force on the mental continuum of a limited being, when dedicated with bodhichitta, and which functions as the obtaining cause for the Form Corpus of a Buddha. Also called: "bountiful store of positive force." Some translators render the term as "collection of merit." | bsod-nams-kyi tshogs | punyasambhara |
| neutrales Gefühl / neutrale Empfindung | neutral feeling | That feeling which, when it arises, one neither wants to be parted from it, nor, when it stops, one wishes to meet it again. | btang-snyoms | upeksha |
| Ngöndro | ngondro | See: preliminary practices | ||
| Nicht (mit Worten) erfassbares letztendliches Phänomen | nondenumerable ultimate phenomenon | Voidnesses that are validly cognized nonconceptually. They are “nondenumerable” in the sense that they cannot be counted among what appears to minds validly cognizing phenomena through mentally labeling them with words and concepts, thus they are voidnesses that are "beyond words and beyond concepts." | rnam-grangs ma-yin-pa'I don-dam | |
| Nicht-Anhaftung | nonattachment | See: detachment. | ||
| Nicht-Ärger | non-anger | See: imperturbability | ||
| nichtaufregend | nonupsetting | A way of being aware of something that shares five congruent features with an arya's total absorption on voidness. | zang-zing med-pa | |
| nichtbeinflusstes Phänomen | unaffected phenomenon | A phenomenon that is not affected by causes or conditions. A synonym for static phenomenon. Often rendered by other translators as "unconditioned phenomenon." | 'dus ma-byas | asamskrtadharma |
| nichtbestätigende Negierung | nonaffirming negation | See: nonimplicative negation phenomenon. | ||
| nicht-budhhistischer Extremist | non-Buddhist extremist | A follower of a non-Buddhist Indian school of philosophy that asserts either an eternalist position of an unchanging static soul (atman) of a person or a nihilist position that denies the continuity of a person after death and/or the workings of karmic cause and effect. | mu-stegs-pa | tirthika |
| nichtdual | nondual | (1) In Gelug Prasangika, the absence (the voidness) of a manner of existence that does not correspond to the actual manner in which everything exists. (2) In non-Gelug Madhyamaka, within a cognition, the absence (the voidness) of a consciousness and its object as each having truly established existence, independently of each other. (3) In Chittamatra, within a cognition, the absence (the voidness) of a consciousness and its object as deriving from different natal sources. | gnyis-med | |
| nichtduales Tantra | nondual tantra | A division of anuttarayoga tantra, specified only in the non-Gelug schools, in which there is equal emphasis on practices for generating the physical bodies of a Buddha and practices for generating the mind of a Buddha. | gnyis-med rgyud | |
| Nichtexistierende | nonexistents | Things that cannot be validly known. | med-pa | |
| nicht existierendes Phänomen | nonexistent phenomenon | See: nonexistents. | ||
| nichtimplizierendes Negierungs-Phänomen | nonimplicative negation phenomenon | An exclusion of something else in which, after the sounds of the words that exclude the object to be negated have negated that object, they do not leave behind in their wake, explicitly or implicitly, something else. Some translators render the term as a "nonaffirming negation." | med-dgag | |
| nichtkongruent | noncongruent | The relationship between nonstatic components of a cognition, in which two or more of them do not share five things in common. See: five congruent features. See also: noncongruent affecting variables. | mtshungs-ldan med-pa | |
| nichtkongruente beeinflussende Variable | noncongruent affecting variable | One of the three types of nonstatic phenomena -- those nonstatic phenomena that do not share five things in common with the primary consciousness and subsidiary awarenesses of the cognition in which they occur, and which are neither forms of physical phenomena nor ways of being aware of something. Sometimes translated as "nonstatic abstractions." See: five congruent features. | ldan-min 'du-byed | |
| Nichtkonzeptualität | nonconceptuailty | A state of mind that cognizes an object without the filter of a concept, idea, category, or universal. | ||
| nichtkonzeptuelle Wahrnehmung | nonconceptual cognition | Cognition of an object, without that cognition being through the medium of a universal, a category, or a mental label. | rtog-med shes-pa | |
| nichtkünstlich | unartificial | See: uncontrived. | ||
| nichtkünstlich | uncontrived | A state of mind not mentally constructed by conceptual thought. Also translated as "unartificial." Alternative Tibetan: bcos-ma ma-yin-pa. | bcos-med | |
| nichtkünstlich | uncontrived | See: uncontrived, Tib. bcos-ma. | bcos-ma ma-yin-pa | |
| Nicht-Länger-Stattfinden | no-longer-happening | The past occurrence of something. According to Gelug Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, a static nonimplicative negation phenomenon; according to Gelug Prasangika, a nonstatic implicative negation phenomenon. Also translated as "passed-happening." | 'das-pa | |
| nichtoffenbarende Form | nonrevealing form | A subtle form of physical phenomenon, asserted only by the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika schools, that is caused by a strong constructive or destructive motivation, but which does not show ("reveal") that motivation. Such a phenomenon is part of a mental continuum, but is not felt on that continuum; it does not degenerate from moment to moment; it can only be an object of mental cognition; and it must be either constructive or destructive. Examples are vows and one aspect of karmic impulses. | rnam-par rig-byed ma-yin-pa'i gzugs | avijnaptirupa |
| nichtstatisch | nonstatic | See: nonstatic phenomena. | ||
| nichtstatische Abstraktion | nonstatic abstraction | See: noncongruent affecting variable. | ||
| nichtstatisches Phänomen | nonstatic phenomenon | Phenomena that are affected and supported by causes and circumstances and, consequently, change from moment to moment, and which produce effects. Their streams of continuity may have a beginning and an end, a beginning and no end, no beginning but an end, or no beginning and no end. Some translators render the term as "impermanent phenomena." They include forms of physical phenomena, ways of being aware of something, and noncongruent affecting variables, which are neither of the two. | mi-rtag-pa | anitya |
| Nichtstatischsein | nonstaticness | The noncongruent affecting variable of changing from moment to moment, under the influence of causes and circumstances. Sometimes translated as "impermanence." | mi-rtag-pa | anitya |
| nichttrügerisch / untrügerisch | nonfallacious | Not incorrect. | mi-bslu-ba | |
| nichttugendhaft | nonvirtuous | See: destructive. | ||
| nicht vermischt mit Verwirrung | unmixed with confusion | See: untainted. | ||
| nichtverweilendes Nirvana | nirvana, nonabiding | See: nonabiding nirvana. | ||
| nichtverweilendes Nirvana | nonabiding nirvana | (1) According to the Hinayana tenet systems, the static unchanging state of full enlightenment attained by a Buddha and lasting only so long as he is alive. In this state, a Buddha does not abide in either the extreme of continued samsaric suffering or in the extreme of the passivity of a Hinayana arhat's nirvana without residue. (2) According to the Mahayana tenet systems, including Gelug Prasangika, the static unchanging state of full enlightenment attained by a Buddha and lasting forever, in which a Buddha does not abide in either the extreme of continued samsaric suffering or in the extreme of the passivity of a Hinayana arhat's nirvana without residue. | mi-gnas-pa'i mya-ngan 'das | apratisthita-nirvana |
| nichtwirksames Phänomen / unwirksames Phänomen | nonfunctional phenomenon | (1) An validly knowable, existent object that does not perform a function -- in other words, it does not produce a result -- namely, a static phenomenon. (2) A nonexistent object, such as an impossible way of existing. | dngos-med | |
| nichtzugeschrieben | unimputed | See: true unimputed existence. | ||
| Nirmanakaya | Nirmanakaya | See: Corpus of Emanations | ||
| Nirvana | nirvana | An extinguished state of release -- either an acquired one, in which all samsaric sufferings and their causes have been removed, or a naturally occurring one, in which all stains of impossible existence have always been removed. The Tibetan term means, literally, "a state beyond sorrow." | mya-ngan-'das | nirvana (Pali: nibbana) |
| Nirvana, erlangtes | nirvana, acquired | See: acquired nirvana. | ||
| Nirvana, natürliches | nirvana, natural | See: natural nirvana. | ||
| Nirvana mit Überrest | nirvana with residue | (1) According to the Hinayana tenet systems, the state of nirvana that a shravaka or pratyekabuddha arhat, or a Buddha, attains during his lifetime and which lasts only so long as the person is alive. This is so called because the person still has left a residue of tainted aggregates. (2) According to the Mahayana tenet systems other than Gelug Prasangika, the same as asserted by the Hinayana systems, but in reference only to shravaka and pratyekabuddha arhats. (3) According to Gelug Prasangika, in reference to shravaka and pratyekabuddha arhats, their state either during subsequent attainment (post-meditation) periods, when meditating on something other than voidness, or when not meditating at all. In reference to Buddhas, their Corpuses of Form. | lhag-bcas-kyi mya-ngan 'das | sopadhishesha-nirvana (Pali: saupadi-sesa-nibbana, kilesa- parinibbana) |
| Nirvana ohne Überrest | nirvana without residue | (1) According to the Hinayana tenet systems, the state of nirvana that shravaka or pratyekabuddha arhats, or a Buddha, attains immediately upon their death from the lifetime in which they attain nirvana with residue. No longer having a residue of tainted aggregates left, their mental continuum extinguishes, like a spent candle. (2) According to the Mahayana tenet systems other than Gelug Prasangika, the state that shravaka or pratyekabuddha arhats attain immediately upon their death from the lifetime in which they attain nirvana with residue. Although they no longer have a residue of tainted aggregates left, their mental continuums now go on in a purified form. (3) According to Gelug Prasangika, in reference to shravaka and pratyekabuddha arhats, their state during total absorption on voidness, when there is no appearance-making of truly established existence. H1579H1571H1563H1553H1546In reference to Buddhas, their Deep Awareness Dharmakayas. | lhag-med mya-ngan 'das, lhag-med-pa'i mya-ngan-'das | nirupadhishesha-nirvana (Pali: anpadi-sesa-nibbana, khandha- parinibbana) |
| Noch-nicht-Stattfinden | not-yet-happening | The future occurrence of something. According to Gelug Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, a static nonimplicative negation phenomenon; according to Gelug Prasangika, a nonstatic implicative negation phenomenon. | ma-'ong-pa | |
| nominelles Buddhajuwel / Buddhajuwel dem Namen nach | nominal Buddha Gem | A painting or statue of a Buddha, representing a Buddha that is an actual source of safe direction and serving as a basis for showing respect to an actual Buddha Gem. | brdar-btags-pa'i sangs-rgyas dkon-mchog | |
| nominelles Darmajuwel / Dharmajuwel dem Namen nach | nominal Dharma Gem | Printed Dharma texts, representing the Dharma that is an actual source of safe direction and serving as a basis for showing respect to the actual Dharma Gem. | brdar-btags-pa'i chos dkon-mchog | |
| nominelles Juwel / Juwel dem Namen nach | nominal gem | Representations of the Three Rare and Supreme Gems, which themselves are not actual sources of safe direction, but which serve as a basis for showing respect to them. | brdar-btags-pa'i dkon-mchog | |
| nominelles Sanghajuwel | nominal Sangha Gem | Four or more people from any of the four groups of the monastic sangha (full or novice monks or nuns), representing the Sangha that is an actual source of safe direction and serving as a basis for showing respect to the actual Sangha Gem. | brdar-btags-pa'i dge-'dun dkon-mchog | |
| normales Gewahrsein | normal awareness | In the Karma Kagyu system, a synonym for clear light mind, which is "normal" in the sense that it is the primordial, natural state that has always been the case. | tha-mal-gyi shes-pa | |
| Nur-Geist | mind-only | See: Chittamatra. | ||
| Nyingma | Nyingma | The Old Translation Period tradition of Tibetan Buddhism deriving from Guru Rinpoche, Padmasambhava. | rNying-ma | |
| oberflächliches wahres Phänom | superficial true phenomenon | In the Hinayana tenet systems, a true phenomenon that veils or conceals a deeper true phenomenon. Also called: relative true phenomenon, conventional true phenomenon, apparent true phenomenon. | kun-rdzob bden-pa | samvrttisatya |
| oberflächliche Wahrheit | superficial truth | In the Mahayana tenet systems, a true fact about a phenomenon that veils or conceals a deeper true fact about the same phenomenon. Also called: relative truth, conventional truth, apparent truth, surface truth. | kun-rdzob bden-pa | samvrttisatya |
| Objekt, beteiligtes | object, involved | See: involved object. | ||
| Objekt, erscheinendes | object, appearing | See: appearing object. | ||
| Objekt, konzeptionell erfasstes | object, conceptualized | See: conceptualized object. | ||
| Objekt, spezifisches | object, specific | See: specific object. | ||
| Objekt-Allgemeines | object universal | See: object mental synthesis. | ||
| Objekt der Ausrichtung | object, focal | See: focal object. | ||
| Objekt der Ausrichtung / Ausrichtungsobjekt | focal object | An external object on which a cognition focuses and which serves as the focal condition of the cognition. Focal objects exist prior to the cognitions of them and have their own continuums different from those of the cognitions of them. Alternative Tibetan: dmigs-rten. | dmigs-yul | |
| Objekt der Ausrichtung / Ausrichtungsobjekt | focal object | See: focal object, Tib. dmigs-yul. | dmigs-rten | |
| Objekte, die eine sichere Richtung weisen | objects that indicate a safe direction | A general term for the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha. | skyabs-yul | |
| objekthaftes klares Licht | object clear light | Voidness as the object cognized by clear light awareness. | yul-gyi 'od-gsal | |
| objektive Bedingung | objective condition | See: focal condition. | ||
| objektive Entität | objective entities | In the Sautrantika and Chittamatra tenet systems, those phenomena, the existence of which is established by their not being merely imputed by conceptual cognition. They include all nonstatic phenomena. According to Sautrantika, they include all nonstatic phenomena and are deepest true phenomena; according to Chittamatra, they include not only all nonstatic superficial true phenomena, but also the static deepest true phenomena of voidnesses, true stoppings, and nirvanas. (1) In the Gelug tradition, the appearing objects of only valid nonconceptual cognitions, although they are what actually appears and can be validly cognized in both valid nonconceptual and conceptual cognition. (2) In the non-Gelug systems, they can only be validly cognized by valid nonconceptual cognition. Also translated as "individually characterized phenomena." | rang-mtshan | svalakshana |
| Objekt-Kategorie | object category | The conceptual category into which fit all items to which an audio category refer. | don-spyi | |
| Objektsynthese | object synthesis | See: object mental synthesis. | ||
| offenbarende Form | revealing form | A form of physical phenomenon, asserted in the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika schools, that shows (reveals) the motivation behind it, and which may be a constructive, destructive or unspecified phenomenon. Examples are the shape of one's body when performing an action, the sound of the words when one speaks, the expression on someone's face, and so on. In general, such a phenomenon may be either one of the five sensory objects or one of the five sensory cognitive sensors. | rnam-par rig-byed-kyi gzugs | vijnaptirupa |
| offener Raum | open space | See: cognitive open space. | ||
| offensichtliche Ebene | apparent level Precious Gems | The level of Three Rare and Supreme Gems that are apparent to limited beings and which conceal a deeper level gem. | kun-rdzob-pa'i dkon-mchog | |
| offensichtliches Buddha-Juwel | apparent Buddha Gem | The Corpus of Forms of a Buddha, as a source of safe direction. | kun-rdzob-pa'i sangs-rgyas dkon-mchog | |
| offensichtliches Dharma-Juwel | apparent Dharma Gem | The twelve textual categories of teachings proclaimed by a Buddha's enlightening speech, as a source of safe direction. | kun-rdzob-pa'i chos dkon-mchog | |
| offensichtliches Phänomen | obvious phenomenon | A validly knowable phenomenon that can be cognized by valid nonconceptual straightforward cognition. Also defined as a validly knowable phenomenon that be apprehended through the force of personal experience. | mngon-gyur | |
| offensichtliches Sangha-Juwel | apparent Sangha Gem | The individual person of any arya, whether lay or monastic, as a source of safe direction. | kun-rdzob-pa'i dge-'dun dkon-mchog | |
| offensichtliches wahres Phänomen | apparent true phenomenon | See: superficial true phenomenon. | ||
| offensichtliche Wahrheit | apparent truth | See: superficial truth. | ||
| ohne Ausrichtung auf ein Bezugsobjekt | without a referent aim | A state of mind, such as immeasurable compassion, that lacks focus on the three circles ('khor-gsum) involved -- the action itself (in the case of compassion, wishing all beings to be free from suffering), the object, and the agent -- existing in an impossible way. Also translated as: unaimed. | dmigs-med | |
| Opfergabe der Soheit | thusness offering | See: offering of the very nature of reality. | ||
| Opferritual / Ritual zum Darbringen von Gaben | offering ritual | A tantra ceremony in which specially consecrated offerings are made to honor one's tantric master, inseparable from a Buddha-figure. | mchod-pa | puja |
| Paar, verbundenes | pair, joined | See: joined pair | ||
| Paar, vereintes | pair, unified | See: unified pair. | ||
| Paramita, die | paramita | See: far-reaching attitude. | ||
| Partner des reinen Gewahrseins | partner, pure awareness | See: pure awareness partner. | ||
| Periode der Nachmeditation | post-meditation period | See: subsequent attainment. | ||
| Person | person | An individual being, including those from any of the six realms of samsaric existence, as well as arhats and Buddhas. A noncongruent affecting variable, synonymous with a conventional "me." | gang-zag | pudgala |
| persönliche Anleitungen | personal instructions | Advice on how to practice meditation, emphasizing the quintessential points. | zhal-lung | |
| Pfad | path | See: pathway mind. | ||
| Pfad der Ansammlung | path of accumulation | See: building-up pathway mind. | ||
| Pfad der Anwendung | path of application | See: applying pathway mind. | ||
| Pfad der Meditation | path of meditation | See: accustoming pathway mind. | ||
| Pfad der Vorbereitung | path of preparation | See: applying pathway mind. | ||
| Pfad des Aufbauens | path of building up | See: building-up pathway mind. | ||
| Pfad des keinen weiteren Trainings | path of no further training | See: pathway mind needing no further training. | ||
| Pfad des Sehens | path of seeing | See: seeing pathway mind. | ||
| Pfad des Sich-Gewöhnens | path of accustoming | See: accustoming pathway mind. | ||
| Pfadgeist | pathway mind | A level or state of mind that acts or functions as a pathway toward liberation or enlightenment. Some translators render this term as "path," but it refers to mental states, not to a series of spiritual practices. Also called: pathway of mind. | lam | marga |
| Pfadgeist | pathway of mind | See: pathway mind. | ||
| Pfadgeist, der keines weiteren Trainings mehr bedarf | pathway mind needing no further training | The level of mind of shravaka arhats, pratyekabuddha arhats, and Buddhas, with which they have attained their respective purified states (bodhi) of liberation or enlightenment, and which require no further training in order to attain that purified state. Other translators sometimes render this term as "path of no learning." | mi-slob lam | ashaiksha-marga |
| Pfadgeist, wahrer | pathway mind, true | See: true pathway mind. | ||
| Pfadgeist der Anwendung | applying pathway mind | The level of mind of shravakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas with which they apply the joined pair of shamatha and vipashyana, focused conceptually on voidness -- or, in general, on the sixteen aspects of the four noble truths -- and which they gained with a building-up pathway mind, to gaining a nonconceptual focus on voidness. Other translators often render this term as "path of preparation." | sbyor-lam | prayogamarga |
| Pfadgeist der Anwendung | pathway mind, applying | See: applying pathway mind. | ||
| Pfadgeist des Aufbauens | building-up pathway mind | The level of mind with which shravakas, pratyekabuddhas, or bodhisattvas build up, among other good qualities, the joined pair of a stilled and settled state of mind (shamatha) and an exceptionally perceptive state of mind (vipashyana) focused conceptually on voidness -- or, in general, on the sixteen aspects of the four noble truths. It only pertains to shravakas and pratyekabuddhas once they have attained an unlabored determination to be free, or to bodhisattvas once, in addition, they have attained unlabored bodhichitta. Others often render this term as "path of accumulation." | tshogs-lam | sambharamarga |
| Pfadgeist des Aufbauens | pathway mind, building up | See: building up pathway mind. | ||
| Pfadgeist des Sehens | pathway mind, seeing | See: seeing pathway mind. | ||
| Pfadgeist des Sehens | seeing pathway mind | The level of mind of arya sharavakas, arya pratyekabuddhas, and arya bodhisattvas with which they first attain a joined pair of shamatha and vipashyana focused nonconceptually on voidness -- or, in general, on the sixteen aspects of the four noble truths -- and with which they rid themselves of one or both sets of doctrinally based obscurations. Often translated as "path of seeing." | mthong-lam | |
| Pfadgeist des Sich-Gewöhnens | accustoming pathway mind | The level of mind of arya shravakas, arya pratyekabuddhas, and arya bodhisattvas with which they accustom themselves to the joined pair of shamatha and vipashyana focused nonconceptually on voidness -- or, in general, on the sixteen aspects of the four noble truths -- and thereby rid themselves of either one or both sets of automatically arising obscurations. Other translators usually render it as "path of meditation." | sgom-lam | bhavanamarga |
| Pfadgeist des Sich-Gewöhnens | pathway mind, accustoming | See: accustoming pathway mind | ||
| Phänomen | phenomenon | A validly knowable object that holds its own individual self-nature. | chos | dharma |
| Phänomen, abhängiges | phenomenon, dependent | See: dependent phenomenon. | ||
| Phänomen, beinflusstes | phenomenon, affected | See: affected phenomenon. | ||
| Phänomen, bestätigtes | phenomenon, affirmation | See: affirmation phenomenon. | ||
| Phänomen, extrem verschleiertes | phenomenon, extremely obscure | See: extremely obscure phenomenon | ||
| Phänomen, funktionierendes | phenomenon, functional | See: functional phenomenon. | ||
| Phänomen, Negierungs- | phenomenon, negation | See: negation phenomenon. | ||
| Phänomen, nichtbeeinflusstes | phenomenon, unaffected | See: unaffected phenomenon. | ||
| Phänomen, nicht funktionierendes | phenomenon, nonfunctional | See: nonfunctional phenomenon. | ||
| Phänomen, offensichtliches | phenomenon, obvious | See: obvious phenomenon | ||
| Phänomen, verschleiertes | phenomenon, obscure | See: obscure phenomenon | ||
| Phänomen, von anderem beinflusstes | phenomenon, other-powered | See: dependent phenomenon. | ||
| Phänomene, vollkommen begründete | phenomenon, thoroughly established | See: thoroughly established phenomenon. | ||
| Phänomene, vollkommen konzeptionelle | phenomenon, totally conceptional | See: totally conceptional phenomenon. | ||
| Plage, Leidenschaft | affliction, emotional | See: disturbing emotion or attitude. | ||
| Platzierung des Geistes | mental placement | See: mental abiding. | ||
| Platzierung des Geistes | placement, mental | See: mental placement. | ||
| positive karmische Kraft | positive karmic force | The type of karmic force associated with a constructive action and which ripens intermittently into transitory happiness. Some translators render it as "merit." See: karmic force. | bsod-nams | punya |
| positive Kraft | positive force | See: positive karmic force. | ||
| positive Potenziale | positive potential | See: positive karmic force. | ||
| Potenzial, karmisches | potential, karmic | See: karmic potential. | ||
| Praktizierender, hoch verwirklichter | practitioner, highly realized | See: highly realized practitioner. | ||
| Pratimoksha-Gelübde | pratimoksha vows | The vows of either a layman or laywoman, a novice or full monk, or a provisional, novice, or full nun. The ethical self-discipline of keeping them purely provides the basis for the individual being keeping them to attain liberation from samsara. | so-thar sdom-pa | pratimokshasamvara |
| Pratyekabuddha | pratyekabuddha | Literally, "self-realizers" or "self-evolvers" - practitioners of the Hinayana vehicle who, motivated by renunciation, strive to attain liberation from uncontrollably recurring rebirth (samsara) and to become an arhat (liberated being). They live during dark ages when the teachings of a Buddha are no longer available. They do not study with Buddhist spiritual teachers, because there are none at such times, and they teach others only subtly, through gestures, since people are not receptive. Living either singly (“like a rhinoceros”) or in small groups, they must rely on their instincts from previous lives to recall and master the Dharma. Some translators render the term as "solitary Buddhas." | rang-rgyal | pratyekabuddha |
| Pratyekabuddha-Arhat | pratyekabuddha arhat | A pratyekabuddha that has attained liberation. See also: pratyekabuddha. | rang-rgyal dgra-bcom | pratyekabuddha arhat |
| Praxis, vorbereitende / Übung, vorbereitende | practice, preliminary | See: preliminary practice | ||
| Primärbewusstsein | primary consciousness | Within a cognition of an object, the awareness of merely the essential nature of the object that the cognition focuses on. Primary consciousness has the identity-nature of being an individualizing awareness. | rnam-shes | vijnana |
| Puja | puja | See: offering ritual. | ||
| Quelle der sicheren Ausrichtung, letztendliche | source of safe direction, ultimate | See: ultimate source of safe direction. | ||
| Quelle der sicheren Ausrichtung, provisorische | source of safe direction, provisional | See: provisional source of safe direction. | ||
| Quintessenz-Lehren | quintessence teachings | Teachings, either oral or written, that present the essential, most profound points of a more extensive topic. | man-ngag | upadesha |
| Raum, offener | sphere, open | See: open sphere. | ||
| reagierendes Gewahrsein | responsive awareness | See: responsiveness. | ||
| realisieren | actualize | To attain a spiritual goal. To make the attainment of a spiritual goal really (actually) happen. Also translated as "attain" and "attainment." | sgrub-pa | |
| Realisierung | actualization | See: actualize. | ||
| Realität | reality | A nontechnical term for what actually exists. | ||
| Realität, wahre | reality, true | See: true reality | ||
| reflexiv | reflexive | Turned in on itself. | ||
| reflexive Erscheinung | reflexive appearance | An appearance of a cognitive object that arises automatically from a person's clear light mind itself. Such an appearance may be either impure (with an appearance of truly established existence) or pure (without such an appearance). | rang-snang | |
| reflexives Gewahrsein | reflexive awareness | (1) The cognitive faculty within a cognition, asserted in the Sautrantika and Chittamatra tenet systems, that takes as its cognitive object the consciousness within the cognition that it is part of. It also cognizes the validity or invalidity of the cognition that it is part of, and accounts for the ability to recall the cognition. (2) In the non-Gelug schools, this cognitive faculty becomes reflexive deep awareness -- that part of an arya's nonconceptual cognition of voidness that cognizes the two truths of that nonconceptual cognition. | rang-rig | |
| reflexives tiefes Gewahrsein | reflexive deep awareness | (1) In Kagyu and Sakya, that aspect of an arya's nonconceptual cognition of voidness that cognizes its own two-truth nature. (2) In Nyingma, that aspect of pure awareness (rigpa) that cognizes its own two truths or its own threefold nature. Synonymous with self-arising deep awareness. | rang-rig yes-shes | |
| reichhaltiger Vorrat an positiver Kraft | bountiful store of positive force | See: network of positive force. | ||
| reifen / heranreifen | ripen | (1) A karmic cause developing or growing to the point at which it can bear fruit, which means produce its result. This is ripening in its definitional sense. (2) A karmic causal factor on a mental continuum exhausting and finishing its presence there as it produces its fruit. | smin-pa | vipaka |
| reifenden Ursachen | ripening cause | A destructive or tainted constructive phenomenon that, unless one has rid one's mental continuum forever of craving, has the power to produce the nonobstructive unspecified items contained in the five aggregate factors of future rebirth states, such as the body, the types of consciousness, and the feelings. | rnam-smin-gyi rgyu | vipakahetu |
| rein, ursprünglich | pure, primally | See: primal purity. | ||
| reine Erscheinung | pure appearance | An appearance of something as an enlightened mind makes it appear, namely in the form of a Buddha-figure or mandala and devoid of any of the four extremes of impossible existence. Alternative Tibetan: dag-snang. | dag-pa'i snang-ba | |
| reine Erscheinung | pure appearance | See: pure appearance, Tib. dag-pa'i snang-ba. | dag-snang | |
| reines Gewahrsein | pure awareness | In the dozgchen system, the subtlest level of awareness, which is totally untainted by any of the fleeting stains of mental obscurations. It is devoid of all grosser levels of awareness and yet permeates all of them, and it spontaneously establishes pure appearances. Often left untranslated as "rigpa." | rig-pa | |
| Reinheit, ursprüngliche | purity, primal | See: primal purity. | ||
| Reinigen der Geisteshaltungen | cleansing of attitudes | See: attitude-training. | ||
| relatives Bodhichitta | relative bodhichitta | See: conventional bodhichitta. | ||
| relative Wahrheit | relative truth | See: superficial truth. | ||
| relativ wahres Phänomen | relative true phenomenon | See: superficial true phenomenon. | ||
| Reliquien-Monument | reliquary monument | See: stupa. | ||
| Respekt | respect | See: appreciation. | ||
| resultierendes Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung | resultant taking of safe direction | A taking of safe direction (refuge) that takes as its sources of safe direction the Triple Gem that one will attain oneself in the future, based on actualizing one's own Buddha-nature. Synonymous with "special taking of safe direction." | 'bras-bu'i skyabs-'gro | |
| Reue / Bedauern | regret | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of not wishing to repeat doing something, either proper or improper, that one did or that someone else made one do. | 'gyod-pa | |
| Rezitationspraxis | recitation practice | In tantra, the meditation practice with which one recites a ritual meditation text describing the self-visualization process and a complex series of further practices based on that self-generation, such as reciting mantras and making offerings. | kha-'don | |
| Richtung, sichere / Ausrichtung, sichere | direction, safe | See: safe direction. | ||
| richtungsweisende Anleitungen | guideline instructions | Beneficial practical advice concerning spiritual practice. | gdams-ngag | |
| Rigpa | rigpa | See: pure awareness. | ||
| Rigpa, Essenz- | rigpa, essence | See: essence rigpa. | ||
| Rigpa, grundlegendes | rigpa, basis | See: basis rigpa. | ||
| Rigpa, strahlendes | rigpa, effulgent | See: effulgent rigpa. | ||
| Rigpa der all-umfassenden spontanen Präsenz | rigpa of all-embracing spontaneous presence | Pure awareness (rigpa) from the point of view of its resultant level as the Dharmakaya of a Buddha. | lhun-grub sbubs-kyi rig-pa | |
| Ritualtrainer | ritual trainer | A teacher who instructs one in how to perform Buddhist rituals. | ||
| Ritualtrainer | trainer, ritual | See: ritual trainer. | ||
| Ritualzeremonie | ritual ceremony | Also called puja. See: offering ritual. | ||
| rituelles freigebiges Festmahl | ritual bountiful feast | A specially consecrated torma offered to one's tantric master, inseparable from the Buddha-figure, during a tantra ceremonial round of offering. | tshogs | |
| Ruhepause | respite | A temporary rest or a break from a state of no leisure for Dharma practice, such as the worst states of rebirth. Some translators render the term as a "freedom" or a "liberty." | dal-ba | |
| ruhiges Verweilen | calm abiding | See: stilled and settled state of mind. | ||
| Rupakaya | Rupakaya | See: Corpus of Forms. | ||
| Sadhana | sadhana | Literally, a method of actualization, namely a meditation method for actualizing oneself as a Buddha-figure for which one has received empowerment. Performing a sadhana entails recitation of a ritual meditation text describing the self-visualization process and a complex series of further practices based on that self-generation, such as reciting mantras and making offerings. Synonymous with "self-generation" and "antecedent practice for realization." | sgrub-thabs | sadhana |
| Samadhi | samadhi | See: absorbed concentration. | ||
| Sambhogakaya | Sambhogakaya | See: Corpus of Full Use. | ||
| Sammelsynthese | collection synthesis | See: collection mental synthesis. | ||
| Sammlungsallgemeines | collection universal | See: collection mental synthesis. | ||
| Samsara | samsara | Uncontrollably recurring rebirth under the power of disturbing emotions and attitudes and of karma. Some translators render it as "cyclic existence." | 'khor-ba | samsara |
| Sangha | Sangha | The literal meaning of the Sanskrit term is a "community"; the literal meaning of the Tibetan translation is "those intent on a constructive goal." Four or more people from any of the four groups of the monastic community: full or novice monks or nuns - the four need not necessarily be all from one group or one from each group - and who have unlabored renunciation and are intent on ridding themselves of disturbing emotions and attitudes and thus attaining liberation. | dge-'dun | sangha |
| Sanghajuwel, nominelles | Sangha Gem, nominal | See: nominal Sangha Gem. | ||
| Sanghajuwel, offensichtliches | Sangha Gem, apparent | See: apparent Sangha Gem. | ||
| Sanghajuwel, tiefstes | Sangha Gem, deepest | See: deepest Sangha Gem. | ||
| Sarma-Schulen | Sarma | See: New Translation. | gSar-ma | |
| Sautrantika | Sautrantika | A Hinayana school of Indian Buddhism that asserts the true existence of both reflexive awareness and external phenomena; a subdivision of the Sarvastivada school of Hinayana. One of the four Indian Buddhist tenet systems studied by all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. | mDo-sde-pa | |
| schädlich / destruktiv | destructive | States of mind, or physical, verbal, or mental actions motivated by them, which ripen into unhappiness or the suffering of problems or pain, to be experienced by the person on whose mental continuum they occur. Since the term carries no connotation of moral judgment, the translation "nonvirtuous" is misleading for this term. | mi-dge-ba | akushala |
| Schatztext | treasure text | Texts planted by Indian or Tibetan masters, either in a physical location, such as inside a pillar of a temple, or in the minds of disciples and hidden there for safekeeping during times that were not conducive for their practice. Often referred to by the transliterated Tibetan term "terma." | gter-ma | |
| schlafende Faktoren | dormant factor | Literally, something that is “asleep to the taste of the mind.” Affecting variables, associated with mental continuums, which are “lying down” and not rushing to manifest mind (consciousness). They include subliminal awareness, tendencies, and habits. | bag-la nyal | |
| Schleier | obscuration | A fleeting stain that temporarily "covers" or accompanies mental activity (more precisely, clear light mental activity), thereby preventing the mental activity from cognizing objects without suffering or other limitations. Some translators render the term as "obstacle." | sgrib | avarana |
| Schleier, die die Allwissenheit verhindern | obscurations preventing omniscience | See: cognitive obscurations. | ||
| Schleier, die die Befreiung verhindern | obscurations preventing liberation | See: emotional obscurations. | ||
| Schleier, emotionale | obscurations, emotional | See: emotional obscurations. | ||
| Schleier, fünf | obscurations, five | See: five obscurations. | ||
| Schleier des Nicht-Wissens | obscurations of not knowing | Mental blocks that come from not knowing the Dharma in general or specifically not knowing about the emotional and cognitive obscurations. These mental blocks prevent the attainment of liberation and enlightenment. | mi-shes sgrib | |
| Schleier in Form von störenden Emotionen und Geisteshaltungen | obscurations that are the disturbing emotions and attitudes | See: emotional obscurations. | ||
| Schleier über alles, was man kennen kann | obscurations about all knowables | See: cognitive obscurations. | ||
| Schlüsselpunkte | key points | The most important main points of a topic. | gnad | |
| schlussfolgernde Wahrnehmung | inferential cognition | A valid conceptual way of cognizing an obscure object through reliance on a correct line of reasoning as its basis. | rjes-dpag | anumana |
| Schwanken, unentschlossenes | wavering, indecisive | See: indecisive wavering. | ||
| schwerwiegende Handlungen | thick actions | A set of eight actions that, at either a yoga or anuttarayoga empowerment, one vows to avoid and which, if committed, weaken meditation practice and hamper progress along the tantra path. Also called: secondary tantric vows. | sbom-po | |
| sechs Existenzbereiche | six realms of existence | Literally, the six families of wandering beings. The six types of samsaric rebirth: (1) hell-beings (trapped beings in the joyless realms), (2) clutching ghosts (hungry ghosts), (3) animals (creeping creatures), (4) humans, (5) would-be divine beings (anti-gods), and (6) divine beings (gods). | 'gro-ba rigs-drug | |
| Seele | soul | According to non-Buddhist Indian tenet systems, something findable, either with or without being a conscious phenomenon, inside the body of a person, and which is static, a partless monad, separable from the body, and self-sufficiently knowable. | bdag | atman |
| Segen | blessings | See: inspiration. | ||
| segensreiche Erfahrung | boon experience | In mahamudra meditation, an experience of bliss, clarity, nonconceptuality, and bareness that arises as a bonus result of the attainment of a stilled and settled state of shamatha. With this experience, the meditator still has a dualistic sense of there being the meditator on the one side and, on the other, these four as things to be meditated on or experienced. | nyams | |
| sehnsüchtiges Verlangens | longing desire | The disturbing emotion that exaggerates the good qualities of an object that one does not possess and wishes to obtain it. | 'dod-chags | raga |
| selbst-begründend | self-establishing nature | See: self-nature. | ||
| Selbstbezogenheit / sich nur um das eigene Wohl kümmern | self-cherishing | The attitude with which one considers oneself as the most important being and has affection for and takes care of only oneself. | rang bces-par 'dzin-pa | |
| Selbstdisziplin | self-discipline | See: ethical self-discipline. | ||
| Selbstdisziplin, ethische | self-discipline, ethical | See: ethical self-discipline. | ||
| selbstentstehendes tiefes Gewahrsein | self-arising deep awareness | In Nyingma, the aspect of pure awareness (rigpa) that automatically arises with awareness of its own two truths or its own threefold nature. Synonymous with reflexive deep awareness. | rang-byung ye-shes | |
| Selbst-Erzeugung | self-generation | Synonymous with "sadhana." A meditation method in which one visualizes and imagines oneself to be a Buddha-figure for which one has received empowerment. See: sadhana. | bdag-bskyed | |
| Selbst-Initiation | self-initiation | A tantric meditation practice in which one visualizes receiving the entire empowerment (initiation) ritual for a Buddha-figure, performed in order to renew one's tantric vows. It may only be performed if one has done the serviceability retreat of that particular Buddha-figure and the fire-puja afterwards. | bdag-'jug | |
| Selbstleerheit | self-voidness | The absence of any phenomenon existing, by "self"-nature, in an impossible manner. | rang-stong | |
| Selbstnatur | self-nature | Something on the side of an object or phenomenon that (1) establishes the existence, in general, of the object or phenomenon and (2) establishes, as well, what the object or phenomenon is. A self-nature may do this either by its own power alone, or by its own power in conjunction with mental labeling. The term may also be translated as "self-establishing nature." | rang-bzhin | |
| Sem | sem | All levels of awareness (levels of mind) that are tainted with the fleeting stains of the emotional and cognitive obscurations. All levels of awareness other than rigpa. Translated as "limited awareness." | sems | |
| Semde | semdey | See: mind division. | sems-sde | |
| Sensor | sensor | See: cognitive sensor. | ||
| Sensor der Wahrnehmung | cognitive sensor | The dominating condition that determines the type of cognition a way of being aware of something is. In the case of the five types of sensory cognition, it is the photosensitive cells of the eyes, the sound-sensitive cells of the ears, the smell-sensitive cells of the nose, the taste-sensitive cells of the tongue, and the physical-sensation-sensitive cells of the body. In the case of mental cognition, it is the immediately preceding moment of cognition. Some translators render the term as "sense power." | dbang-po | indriya |
| Shakyamuni | Shakyamuni | The Able One of the Shakya Clan, the Sage of the Shakya Clan, an epithet of Buddha | shakya'i thub-pa | Shakyamuni |
| Shamatha | shamatha | See: stilled and settled state of mind. | ||
| Shine | zhinay | See: stilled and settled state of mind. | zhi-gnas | |
| Shravaka | shravaka | Literally, "listeners" to Buddha's teachings - practitioners of the Hinayana vehicle who, motivated by renunciation, strive to attain liberation from uncontrollably recurring rebirth (samsara) and to become an arhat (liberated being) of either the shravaka or pratyekabuddha class. They practice, based on having listened to Buddha's teachings. Some translators render the term as "hearer." | nyan-thos | shravaka |
| Shravaka-Arhat | shravaka arhat | A shravaka that has attained liberation. See also: shravaka. | nyan-thos dgra-bcom | shravaka arhat |
| Sichbefassen, kognitives | engagement, cognitive | See: cognitive engagement. | ||
| sich entwickelnde Eigenschaften | evolving traits | See: evolving family-traits. | ||
| sich entwickelnde Familieneigenschaften | evolving family-traits | (1) In the Chittamatra system, the tendencies (seeds) that, newly gained by listening, contemplating and meditating on Buddha's teachings, are imputable on the basis of the stained minds of each limited being and which serve as factors allowing that being to attain arya pathway minds. (2) In the Svatantrika-Madhyamaka system, the factors, imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being, that are fit to become the essential nature of a deep awareness Dharmakaya. (3) In the Prasangika-Madhyamaka system, the factors imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being that are fit to become the essential natures of a Corpus of Forms and a deep awareness Dharmakaya of a Buddha. | rgyas-'gyur-gyi rigs | |
| sichere Ausrichtung, letztendliche Quelle der | safe direction, ultimate source of | See: ultimate source of safe direction. | ||
| sichere Ausrichtung, vorläufige Quelle der | safe direction, provisional source of | See: provisional source of safe direction. | ||
| sichere Richtung / sichere Ausrichtung | safe direction | A direction that one puts in one's life that will protect one from true suffering and its true causes, and, when one reaches the goal of this direction, allows one to avoid true suffering and its true causes forever. Some translators render this as "refuge." | skyabs | sharana |
| sichere Richtung einschlagen / in ihnen eine sichere Ausrichtung suchen / einen sicheren Weg in Richtung ...einschlagen / in eine sichere Richtung gehen | take safe direction | To put a direction in one's life, which, when one goes in it, protects one from true suffering and its true causes and which, when one reaches its endpoint, allows one to avoid true suffering and its true causes forever. Some translators render this as "take refuge," but it has no connotation of merely opening up and passively receiving protection. | skyabs-'gro | |
| sichere Richtung nehmen / sichere Richtung einschlagen / sichere Ausrichtung nehmen | safe direction, take | See: take safe direction. | ||
| sichere Richtung zu den Drei Juwelen einschlagen | take safe direction from the Three Gems | To turn toward the direction indicated by the Three Rare and Supreme Gems (Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) and to put that safe direction in one's life. Some translators render this as "go for refuge to the Three Gems." | dkon-mchog-gsum-la skyabs-su-'gro | |
| sich gegenseitig ausschließend | mutually exclusive | Two sets are mutually exclusive if they do not share any common locus -- neither contains a member that also belongs to the other. Also translated as "contradictory." | 'gal-ba | |
| sich kümmern (um) | taking care | See: caring attitude. | ||
| sich kümmernde Geisteshaltung | caring attitude | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that takes seriously the situations of others and oneself, and the effects of one's actions on others and on oneself, and which consequently causes one to build up as a habit constructive attitudes and behavior and safeguards against leaning toward tainted or destructive attitudes and behavior. Also translated as "carefulness." | bag-yod | apramada |
| sich kümmernde Liebe | caring love | See: love. | ||
| sich kümmerndes Herz | caring heart | See: caring attitude. | ||
| sich liebevoll kümmernde Liebe | cherishing concerned love | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) with which, not only does one wish others to be happy and to have the causes for happiness, but with which one values the welfare of others highly and would feel sad if anything bad happened to them. | gces-zhing pham-pa'i byams-pa | |
| Sicht der Wirklichkeit, eine Meditations- und Verhaltensweise | view of reality, way of meditating, and way of behaving | A way to describe a Buddhist system that specifies it in terms of its main way for regarding and understanding reality, its main topic of meditation, and its main manner of acting in the world. | lta-sgom-spyod gsum | |
| sich wiederholendes Samsara | recurring samsara | See: samsara. | ||
| siebenteilige Anweisung über Ursachen und Wirkungen | seven-part cause and effect method | See: seven-part cause and effect quintessence teaching for developing bodhichitta. | ||
| Siegelpartner | partner, sealing | See: sealing partner. | ||
| Siegreicher, der Siegreiche | Victorious One | See: Triumphant One. | ||
| Siegreicher Meister | Vanquishing Master | See: Vanquishing Master Surpassing All | ||
| Sinnesdaten | sensibilia | Sense data; forms of physical phenomenon that, in one moment, occupy an extended location and are cognized by one of the five types of sense consciousness; the data or information concerning one moment of the sight, sound, smell, taste, or physical sensation of an object having physical qualities. | ||
| So-Gegangener | Thusly Gone One | A epithet of a Buddha -- one who has gone to the goal of enlightenment through nonconceptual cognition of voidness, the very nature of reality (thusness). | de-bzhin gshegs-pa | tathagata |
| Soheit | thusness | See: very nature of reality. | ||
| solides "Ich" | solid “me” | A "me" that exists as a concrete, autonomous entity, as if it had a line around it or were encapsulated in plastic. A general, nontechnical term for the false "me" (the "me" to be refuted), which has never existed at all. | ||
| solides "Ich" | solidly existing "me" | See: solid "me." | ||
| Speicherbewusstsein | storehouse consciousness | See: all-encompassing foundation consciousness. | ||
| spezifische Alaya des Gewahrseins | specific awareness alaya | In the Karma Kagyu system, a synonym for alayavijnana. See: all-encompassing foundation for all. | kun-shes rnam-shes | |
| spezifisches Bewusstsein | specific consciousness | See: specific awareness. | ||
| spezifisches Gewahrsein | specific awareness | In the Karma Kagyu system, the aspect of mental activity that is aware of the specific type of awareness of an object that has arisen and the specific object that it is aware of. In a looser sense, awareness of the details that have arisen and one is aware of in a cognition. | rnam-shes | vijnana |
| spiegelgleiches tiefes Gewahrsein | mirror-like deep awareness | One of the five types of deep awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The deep awareness that takes in all the information about an object of cognition. Also called: deep awareness that is like a mirror. | me-long lta-bu'i ye-shes | |
| Spiegelung | reflection | See: mental derivative. | ||
| Spiegelung, geistige / Wiederspiegelung, geistige | reflection, mental | See: mental derivative. | ||
| spiritueller Lehrer | spiritual teacher | A general term for the four levels of Buddhist teachers: a Buddhism professor, a Dharma instructor, a meditation trainer or ritual trainer, and a spiritual mentor. | ||
| spiritueller Mentor | spiritual mentor | A Buddhist teacher who has had stable realizations, who embodies the teachings in the sense of having integrated them into his or her life, and who confers vows on disciples. | dge-ba'i bshes-gnyen | kalyanamitra |
| spontan Erscheinungen hervorbringen | spontaneously establishing appearances | The functional nature of rigpa (pure awareness), which is that it automatically, without any effort, gives rise to pure appearances. | lhun-grub | |
| stabile Verwirklichung | stable realization | In mahamudra meditation, the state of mind in which the meditator has nonconceptual bare cognition of there being no dualism of meditator and meditation. | rtogs-pa | |
| stabilisierende Meditation / verankernde Meditation | stabilizing meditation | A method for habituating oneself to an insight, understanding, or state of mind in which one focuses on an object with that desired insight, understanding, or state of mind and with full conviction in its validity, but without the mental factors of gross detection (investigation) or subtle discernment (scrutiny). Also translated sometimes as "fixating meditation." | 'jog-sgom | |
| Stabilität, geistige | stability, mental | See: mental stability. | ||
| Stärken | strengthening | The special discriminating awareness employed for expanding one's discriminating awareness and not letting it be crushed by countering factors, such as attachment to anything. One of the ten Mahayana far-reaching attitudes (ten perfections). | stobs | bala |
| statisch | static | See: static phenomena. | ||
| statische Abstraktion | static abstraction | See: static phenomena. | ||
| statisches Phänomen | static phenomena | Phenomena that are unaffected by causes and circumstances and, consequently, do not change from moment to moment and do not produce any effects. Somewhat similar to unchanging facts, they are imputed about some validly knowable phenomenon and only exist and can be validly known so long as the basis for their imputation lasts. Sometimes translated as "static abstractions." Some translators render the term as "permanent phenomena." | rtag-pa | nitya |
| Statischsein | staticness | The noncongruent affecting variable of not changing from moment to moment. Sometimes translated as "permanence." | rtag-pa | nitya |
| Stattfinden, nicht länger | happening, no-longer | See: no-longer-happening. | ||
| Stattfinden, noch nicht | happening, not-yet | See: not-yet-happening. | ||
| Stattfinden, vergangenes | happening, passed | See: no-longer-happening. | ||
| still gewordener und zur Ruhe gekommener Geisteszustand | stilled and settled state of mind | A state of mind, attained through meditation, in which the mind is stilled of all mental flightiness and mental dullness, is settled down on an object and remains there, and is accompanied by an exhilarating sense of fitness. Also called a "serenely stilled and settled state of mind," "shamatha." Some translators render the term as "calm abiding" or "mental quiescence." | zhi-gnas | shamatha |
| Stoffmandala | cloth mandala | A two-dimensional representation, painted on cloth, which is like an architectural blueprint of the three-dimensional palace, environment, and Buddha-figures of a symbolic world system, and used for conferring a tantric empowerment. | ras-bris-kyi dkyil-'khor | |
| störende Emotionen und Geisteshaltungen, automatisch erscheinende | disturbing emotions and attitudes, automatically arising | See: automatically arising disturbing emotions and attitudes. | ||
| störende Emotionen und Geisteshaltungen, doktrinär bedingte | disturbing emotions and attitudes, doctrinally based | See: doctrinally-based disturbing emotions and attitudes. | ||
| störende Emotion oder Geisteshaltung | disturbing emotion or attitude | A subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that, when it arises, causes oneself to lose peace of mind and incapacitates oneself so that one loses self-control. An indication that one is experiencing a disturbing emotion or attitude is that it makes oneself and/or others feel uncomfortable. Some translators render this term as "afflictive emotions" or "emotional afflictions." | nyon-mongs | klesha |
| störende Geisteshaltung | disturbing attitude | Equivalent to a deluded outlook. | ||
| strahlendes Rigpa | effulgent rigpa | Pure awareness (rigpa) from the point of view of its aspect of spontaneously establishing appearances. Synonymous with the term "appearance-making basis rigpa." | rtsal-gyi rig-pa | |
| Strom von Kontinuität | stream of continuity | A succession of moments of something. | rgyun | |
| Stufe der Vollständigkeit / Vollständigkeitsstufe | complete stage | (1) The second stage of anuttarayoga tantra practice, in which everything is now complete for engaging in the practices that act as the immediate causes for reaching enlightenment. These practices entail working with the chakras, channels, and winds of the subtle body. (2) In some non-Gelug texts, nonconceptual meditation on the voidness of the visualizations generated during the first stage of anuttarayoga tantra practice. This meditation on a nondenumerable ultimate phenomenon is done simultaneously with the visualizations, on the same stage of practice, and makes the practice of visualization complete. Many translators render this term as "completion stage." | rdzogs-rim | sampannakrama |
| Stufe des Versprechens des anstrebenden Bodhichitta | bodhichitta, pledged state of aspiring | See: pledged state of aspiring bodhichitta. | ||
| Stufe des Versprechens des anstrebenden Bodhicitta | pledged state of aspiring bodhichitta | The advanced level of aspiring bodhichitta, with which one focuses on one's own not-yet-happening enlightenment, imputable on the bais of the Buddha-nature factors oon one's mental continuum, with the intention to attain that enlightenment and to benefit all beings by means of it, and then pledges never to give up this bodhichitta aim until one reaches that enlightenment. Abbreviated as: pledged aspiring bodhichitta. | smon-sems dam-bca'-can | |
| Stufe des Vorwärtssprunges | leap-ahead stage | See: leap-ahead. | ||
| Stupa | stupa | A monument within which are kept the relics of a great Buddhist master. Translated as a reliquary monument. | mchod-rten | stupa |
| Stütze | reliance | See: something that supports something else. | ||
| subtile geistige Aktivität | mind, subtle | See: subtle mind. | ||
| subtile geistige Aktivität | subtle mind | Mental consciousness, both conceptual and nonconceptual. | sems phra-mo | |
| subtile kreative Tropfen | subtle creative energy-drops | See: creative energy-drops. | ||
| subtiler Energiewind | subtle energy-winds | Subtle forms of energy that move within the subtle energy-channels of the subtle body and which are the "mount" (the physical basis) for consciousness, either in nonconceptual or conceptual cognition, transporting it through the subtle body. Through anuttarayoga complete stage practices, one can cause them to enter, abide, and dissolve in the central energy-channel and thereby make manifest the subtlest clear light mind. | rlung phra-mo | |
| subtiler Körper | subtle body | Within the gross body of humans, the invisible system of energy-winds, energy-channels, energy-nodes (chakras), and creative energy-drops. | lus phra-mo | |
| subtile Unbeständigkeit | subtle impermanence | A nonstatic phenomenon's drawing closer each moment to its ultimate end, like a time bomb, based on the fact that the cause for the phenomenon's final disintegration or end is its coming into being, its arising. | mi-rtag-pa phra-mo | |
| subtile Unterscheidungsfähigkeit | subtle discernment | A subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that actively understands the fine details of the nature of something, having scrutinized them thoroughly. It does not imply verbal thinking, although it may be induced by verbally thinking. According to Asanga, one of the four changeable subsidiary awarenesses. Also translated as "scrutiny," "analysis." and "discerning analysis." | dpyod-pa | |
| subtilste geistige Aktivität / subtilster Geist | subtlest mind | See: clear light awareness. | sems shin-tu phra-mo | |
| subtilster Körper | subtlest body | The subtlest life-supporting energy-wind that accompanies each moment of subtlest mind. | lus shin-tu phra-mo | |
| Sugata | Sugata | See: Blissfully Gone One. | ||
| Sünde | sin | See: negative karmic force. | ||
| Sutra | sutra | (1) Texts by Shakyamuni Buddha, both Hinayana and Mahayana, that discuss themes of practice.(2) Within the context of the Three Baskets (Tripitaka), the texts of Buddha that especially concern the training in higher concentration. (3) Within the context of Buddha's teachings divided into sutra and tantra, the division that does not entail visualization of oneself as a Buddha-figure. (3) Within the context of the twelve scriptural categories, the texts that present what Buddha had to say in a brief and condensed format. Also called: expositions on themes of practice. | mdo | sutra |
| Sutra-Mahamudra | sutra mahamudra | Meditations on the nature of the mind with regard to only gross and subtle minds -- in other words, sensory and mental consciousness -- and not with regard to the subtlest mind, clear light. | mdo'i phyag-chen | |
| Svabhavakaya | Svabhavakaya | See: Corpus of Essential Nature. | ||
| Tantra | tantra | (1) An everlasting stream of continuity. On the causal level, the mental continuum, with its various aspects of Buddha-nature. On the pathway level, the continuity of practices involving Buddha-figures. On the resultant level, the continuity of the various corpuses or bodies of a Buddha. (2) The texts that discuss the above topics. | rgyud | tantra |
| Tantra, nichtduales | tantra, nondual | See: nondual tantra. | ||
| Tantra-Mahamudra | tantra mahamudra | See: mantra mahamudra. | ||
| tantrische Nebengelübde | secondary tantric vows | See: thick actions. | ||
| tantrischer Meister | tantric master | A spiritual mentor who confers on disciples tantric vows. According to some commentaries, a spiritual mentor who confers on disciples empowerments and subsequent permissions from any of the classes of tantra. | rdo-rje slob-dpon | vajracarya |
| Tathagata | Tathagata | See: Thusly Gone One. | ||
| tatsächliche Natur | actual nature | A synonym for voidness (emptiness) or, in some mahamudra and dzogchen systems, the nature of everything as the play of inseparable awareness and voidness. | chos-nyid | dharmata |
| tatsächlicher Geist des klaren Lichts | actual clear light mind | A subtlest level of consciousness that has a nonconceptual, blissful cognition of voidness. | don-gyi 'od-gsal | |
| Tauglichkeits-Retreat | retreat, serviceability | See: serviceability retreat. | ||
| Tauglichkeits-Retreat | serviceability retreat | An intensive tantric meditation practice, done over many meditation sessions, during which one performs the sadhana and recites the mantra of a Buddha-figure ten thousand, one hundred thousand, or many hundreds of thousands of times, depending on the number of syllables in the mantra. When completed and finished off with the appropriate fire puja, this intensive practice makes the mind fit to be used (fit to be put into service) for more advanced tantric practices with that Buddha-figure. | las-rung | |
| Tendenz, karmische | tendency, karmic | See: karmic tendency. | ||
| Terma | terma | See: treasure text. | ||
| tiefes Gewahrsein | deep awareness | (1) In the context of the five types of deep awareness, a type of principal awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. It is "deep" in the sense that it is a fundamental way in which the mind works and has always been there, primordially, with no beginning and no end. (2) When contrasted with "discriminating awareness" (Tib. shes-rab) in the non-Gelug usage of the term, the principal awareness that nonconceptually cognizes the deepest truth of something (its inseparable voidness and appearance), beyond all words and concepts. (3) In the context of the ten Mahayana far-reaching attitudes, when contrasted with "discriminating awareness," principal awareness that nonconceptually cognizes the two truths of something. (4) In the context of an arya's nonconceptual cognition of voidness, in the Gelug usage, either the principal awareness that explicitly and nonconceptually cognizes voidness (deepest truth) during total absorption or the principal awareness that implicitly and nonconceptually cognizes voidness during subsequent attainment. | ye-shes | jnana |
| tiefes Gewahrsein, das wie ein Spiegel ist | deep awareness that is like a mirror | See: mirror-like deep awareness. | ||
| tiefes Gewahrsein, reflexives | deep awareness, reflexive | See: reflexive deep awareness. | ||
| tiefes Gewahrsein, selbstentstehendes | deep awareness, self-arising | See: self-arising deep awareness | ||
| tiefes Gewahrsein, vollbringendes | deep awareness, accomplishing | See: accomplishing deep awareness. | ||
| tiefes Gewahrsein, wie man Werke vollbringt | deep awareness to accomplish things | See: accomplishing deep awareness. | ||
| tiefes Gewahrsein der Gleichheit der Dinge | deep awareness of the equality of things | See: equalizing deep awareness. | ||
| tiefes Gewahrsein der Individualität der Dinge | deep awareness of the individuality of things | See: individualizing deep awareness. | ||
| tiefes Gewahrsein der Realität | deep awareness of reality | One of the five types of deep awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The deep awareness of the superficial truth of something -- namely, awareness of what it is. When developed on the spiritual path, this deep awareness may also be of the deepest truth of something -- namely, its voidness. Also called: deep awareness of the sphere of reality. | chos-dbyings ye-shes | dharmadhatu-jnana |
| tiefes Gewahrsein der Wirklichkeitssphäre / der Realitätssphäre | deep awareness of the sphere of reality | See: deep awareness of reality. | ||
| tiefste Ebene | deepest level | The level of some phenomenon that is veiled or concealed by something more superficial about that phenomenon. Sometimes translated as "ultimate level" or "deepest ultimate level." | don-dam-pa | |
| tiefste Ebene der kostbaren Juwelen | deepest level Precious Gems | The level of the Three Rare and Supreme Gems that are concealed by the apparent level gems. | don-dam-pa'i dkon-mchog | |
| tiefstes Bodhichitta | deepest bodhichitta | The deep awareness that has nonconceptual cognition of voidness. | don-dam-pa'i byang-chub-gyi sems | |
| tiefstes Buddhajuwel | deepest Buddha Gem | A Buddha's Dharmakaya as a source of safe direction (refuge). | don-dam-pa'i sangs-rgyas dkon-mchog | |
| tiefstes Dharmajuwel | deepest Dharma Gem | The true stoppings and true pathway minds on the mental continuum of an arya, whether a layperson or a monastic, as a source of safe direction (refuge). | don-dam-pa'i chos dkon-mchog | |
| tiefstes Sanghajuwel | deepest Sangha Gem | The true stoppings and true pathway minds on the mental continuum of an arya, whether a layperson or monastic, as a source of safe direction (refuge). | don-dam-pa'i dge-'dun dkon-mchog | |
| tiefste Wahrheit | deepest truth | In the Mahayana tenet systems, a true fact about a phenomenon that is veiled or concealed by a more superficial true fact about the same phenomenon. Some translators render this term as "ultimate truth." | don-dam bden-pa | paramartha |
| tiefste Wahrheit | truth, deepest | See: deepest truth. | ||
| Todes-Existenz | death existence | The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being during which they experience death. Unless one successfully does advanced anuttarayoga tantra meditations at this time, this period lasts only one moment. | 'chi-srid | |
| Tonglen | tonglen | See: giving and taking. | ||
| Tradition der Amulettdose | amulet box tradition | A tradition of mahamudra meditation transmitted in the Shangpa Kagyu school. | ga'u-ma | |
| Trägheit, geistige | dullness, mental | See: mental dullness. | ||
| Trainer, Meditations- | trainer, meditation | See: meditation trainer. | ||
| Training der Geisteshaltungen | attitude-training | A spiritual training in which one cleanses disturbing attitudes from one's mind and trains to replace them with constructive attitudes. Also called: cleansing of attitudes, mind-training, Lojong. | blo-sbyong | |
| Trankopfer, goldenes | libation, golden | See: golden libation. | ||
| treibende Kraft | agent | The person who commits an action. | byed-pa-po | |
| Tropfen der Jasminblüte | drops, jasmine flower | See: jasmine flower drops. | ||
| Tropfen der Jasminblüte | jasmine flower drops | Drops of white bodhichitta; drops of subtle creative energy. | kun-da | kunda |
| trügerisch | deceptive | Being mistaken or confusing with respect to the appearance of something. | 'khrul-ba | |
| trügerische Erscheinung | deceptive appearance | A cognitive object that appears to exist in a manner different from the way in which it actually exists. | 'khrul-snang | |
| trügerische Wahrnehmung | deceptive cognition | A cognition that takes a phenomenon's mode of existence that it makes appear -- namely, an appearance of its seemingly true existence -- to be the phenomenon's actual mode of existence. The deceptive cognition may be either accurate or distorted with respect to the appearance it makes of the superficial truth of what the phenomenon conventionally is. | 'khrul-shes | |
| tugendhaft / ehrenhaft / rechtschaffen | virtuous | See: constructive. | ||
| übereinstimmende Natur | accordant nature | A synonym for voidness (emptiness). Some translators render the term as "thusness." | de-bzhin-nyid | tathata |
| überlagern | superimpose | See: interpolation. | ||
| übermäßig unserer selbst bewusst / übermäßig unserer selbst bewusst (und damit befangen) | self-conscious | Being so concerned about oneself and what others think of oneself and that one doesn't make any mistakes, that one becomes awkward and cannot act naturally. Often teenagers are like this. They have pimples on their faces and are so self-conscious about them that they think everyone is looking at them. | ||
| Übertragung, mündliche | transmission, oral | See: oral transmission. | ||
| Übertretung der tantrischen Wurzelgelübde des Kalachakra | Kalachakra tantra root downfall | A transgression of one of the version of the root tantric vows that is specific to the practice of Kalachakra. | ||
| Übertretung der tantrischen Wurzelgelübde des Kalachakra | root downfall, Kalachakra tantra | See: Kalachakra tantra root downfall | ||
| Übertretung der Wurzelgelübde | root downfall | A transgression of a root bodhisattva or root tantric vow, which, if it is a full transgression, acts as a root for falling to rebirth in one of the worse rebirth states. | rtsa-ltung | |
| Übertretung des Wurzelgelübdes | downfall, root | See: root downfall. | ||
| überzeugtes Glauben /überzeugter Glaube | confident belief | See: belief in a fact based on reason. | ||
| Überzeugtsein, festes / Überzeugung, feste | conviction, firm | See: firm conviction. | ||
| umfassend | pervasive | "x" is pervasive with "y" if, whenever "x" is the case, so is "y". Used in such formulations as "If "x" is the case, then it is pervasive that "y" is the case." | khyab | |
| umfassendes Ergebnis | comprehensive result | See: dominating result. | ||
| umfassendes Fahrzeug | Vast Vehicle | See: Vast Vehicle of Mind. | ||
| umfassendes Fahrzeug des Geistes | Vast Vehicle of Mind | See: Mahayana. | ||
| unbedingtes Phänomen | unconditioned phenomenon | See: unaffected phenomenon. | ||
| unbefleckt | untainted | Something that does not derive from a disturbing emotion or attitude, or is not related in any way with a disturbing emotion or attitude. Also translated as "unmixed with confusion" or "dissociated from confusion." Many translators render this term as "uncontaminated." | zag-med | anashrava |
| unbefleckte Aggregate | untainted aggregates | Aggregate factors of someone's experience that do not include the causes that will obtain for that being any further samsaric rebirths. | zag-med-kyi phung-po | |
| unbeständiges Phänomen | impermanent phenomenon | See: nonstatic phenomena. | ||
| Unbeständigkeit / Veränderlichkeit | impermanence | See: nonstaticness. | ||
| unentschiedene Wahrnehmung | nondetermining cognition | A cognition of an object, in which (a) the involved object is an objective entity, (b) a mental aspect (mental hologram) of the involved object arises, but (c) there is no ascertainment (certainty, decisiveness) of what the involved object is or that the cognition of it has occurred. Also called: inattentive cognition. | snang-la ma-nges-pa | |
| unentschlossenes Schwanken | indecisive wavering | The mental factor (subsidiary awareness) that entertains two opinions about what is true – in other words, wavering between accepting or rejecting what is true. One of the six root disturbing emotions and attitudes. Sometimes translated as "doubt." | the-tshoms | |
| unentschlossene Wahrnehmung | indecisive cognition | See: indecisive wavering. | ||
| Unentschlossenheit | indecisiveness | See: indecisive wavering. | ||
| unermesslich herrlicher Palast | immeasurably magnificent palace | A palace visualized in tantra practice as part of the supporting mandala. Each architectural feature of the palace represents one or another realization gained along the tantra path, and inside the palace reside one or more Buddha-figures. | gzhal-yas khang | |
| Unglücklichsein | unhappiness | That feeling which, when it arises, one wants to be parted from it. Alternative Tibetan: sdug-bsngal. | mi-bde-ba | du:kha (duhkha) |
| Unglücklichsein | unhappiness | See: unhappiness, Tib. mi-bde-ba. | sdug-bsngal | du:kha (duhkha) |
| ungültige Wahrnehmung | invalid cognition | (1) According to Gelug Sautrantika, Gelug Chittamatra, and Gelug Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, a cognition that is not fresh, or one that is fallacious, or one that is both not fresh and fallacious. (2) According to Gelug Prasangika and all tenet systems according to non-Gelug, a fallacious cognition. | tshad-min | |
| unkontrollierbare sich wiederholende Existenz | uncontrollably recurring existence | See: samsara. | ||
| unkontrollierbar sich wiederholendes Samsara | uncontrollably recurring samsara | See: samsara. | ||
| unmittelbar vorausgehende Bedingung | immediately preceding condition | The immediately preceding moment of awareness, which produces the appearance-making and cognizing (clarity and awareness) of the next moment of awareness as its result. | de-ma-thag rkyen | samanantarapratyaya |
| unreine Erscheinung | impure appearance | An appearance of something as a nonenlightened mind makes it appear, namely in only a mundane form and with true existence. | ma-dag-pa'i snang-ba | |
| unsägliche Handlung | unspeakable action | An action that ripens into the experience of suffering by the person who commits it or into a hindrance to his or her spiritual practice. An action that cannot be spoken about with praise. | kha-na ma-tho-ba | avadya |
| unsägliche Handlungen, die der Buddha bestimmten Individuen untersagt hat | unspeakable action, prohibited | See: prohibited unspeakable action. | ||
| uns der spezifischen Buddhagestalt anzunähern und uns selbst als sie zu realisieren | approximate and actualize oneself as a Buddha-figure | Intensive tantric meditation practice entailing visualization of oneself as a Buddha-figure and recitation of the appropriate mantras. | bsnyen-sgrub | |
| unsere geistigen Einstellungen uns selbst und anderen gegenüber gleichsetzen und austauschen | equalizing and exchanging self and others | A method for developing a bodhichitta aim, consisting of (1) developing mere equanimity, (2) developing uncommon Mahayana equanimity, as a way to regard all others equally in the same way as one regards oneself, (3) thinking of the disadvantages of a self-cherishing attitude, (4) thinking of the advantages of cherishing others, (5) giving and taking, with attitudes of love and compassion, as a way of exchanging one's attitudes about self and others, (6) exceptional resolve, and (7) developing a bodhichitta aim. | bdag-gzhan mnyam-brje | |
| unterbewusstes Gewahrsein | subliminal awareness | See: subliminal cognition. | ||
| unterbewusste Wahrnehmung | subliminal cognition | A cognition in which the consciousness gives rise to a mental hologram of a cognitive object and, in which, the cognitive object appears, through that hologram, only to the consciousness of the subliminal cognition and only that consciousness cognizes it. The cognitive object of the subliminal cognition does not appear to the person and is not cognized by the person. Nor does it appear to or is it cognized by the consciousness of the manifest cognition that is simultaneously occurring and overpowering the subliminal cognition. | bag-la nyal-gyi shes-pa | |
| unterscheiden | discriminate | (1) To differentiate decisively between two things -- for example, between what is correct and incorrect, (2) to single out something and come to a decisive conclusion about it, for example to incorrectly discriminate the shravaka teachings as being essential for only shravakas, and worthless for bodhisattvas. | ||
| Unterscheiden | distinguishing | One of the five ever-functioning subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors) that takes an uncommon characteristic feature of the appearing object of a nonconceptual cognition or an outstanding feature of the appearing object of a conceptual cognition, and ascribes a conventional significance to it, different from that of everything else that appears in the background within that cognition. It does not necessarily ascribe a name or mental label to its object, nor does it compare it with previously cognized objects. Some translators render the term as "recognition." | 'du-shes | samjna |
| unterscheidendes Gewahrsein | discriminating awareness | The mental factor that decisively discriminates between what is correct and what is incorrect, or between what is helpful and what is harmful, or between what is appropriate or what is inappropriate, or between what is reality and what is not reality. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, it becomes a far-reaching attitude. | shes-rab | prajna (Pali: pañña) |
| Unterscheidung | discrimination | See: discriminating awareness. | ||
| Unterscheidungsvermögen, subtiles | discernment, subtle | See: subtle discernment. | ||
| unterstützendes Mandala | supporting mandala | The immeasurably magnificent palace of a symbolic world system, together with the environment around it, visualized in tantra practice. | rten-pa'i dkyil-'khor | |
| unterstütztes Mandala | supported mandala | The set of Buddha-figures residing inside the immeasurably magnificent palace of a symbolic world system visualized in tantra practice. | brten-pa'i dkyil-'khor | |
| Untersuchen / Untersuchung | investigation | See: gross detection. | ||
| untrennbar | inseparable | Two facts about the same attribute of an object are inseparable if, when one is the case, so is the other. The two facts may inseparably both be the case either naturally or made to be so through the power of meditation. | dbyer-med | |
| unveränderlicher Vajra-Körper | Immutable Vajra Body | See: Immutable Vajra Corpus. | ||
| unveränderlicher Vajra-Körper | Immutable Vajra Corpus | In some Kagyu mahamudra systems, synonymous with "Vajra Corpus" in the meaning of the unchanging nature of the other four Corpuses of a Buddha. | mi-'gyur rdo-rje'i sku | |
| Unwissenheit | unawareness | (1) According to Vasubandhu and Asanga, not knowing. (2) According to Dharmakirti, knowing in an inverted (incorrect) manner. In both cases, unawareness is of either behavioral cause and effect, or of the lack of an impossible "soul" or voidness. Translators often render the term as "ignorance." | ma-rig-pa | avidya |
| Unwissenheit, automatisch erscheinende | unawareness, automatically arising | See: automatically arising unawareness. | ||
| Unwissenheit, doktrinär bedingte | unawareness, doctrinally based | See: doctrinally based unawareness. | ||
| Ursache | cause | A nonstatic phenomenon able to bring about the production or arising of something. | rgyu | hetu |
| Ursache, direkte | cause, direct | See: direct cause. | ||
| Ursache, gleichzeitig wirkende | cause, simultaneously acting | See: simultaneously acting cause. | ||
| Ursache, herbeiführende | cause, obtaining | See: obtaining cause. | ||
| Ursache der gleichen Art | cause, similar family | See: similar family cause. | ||
| Ursache der gleichen Art | similar family cause | A cause that is in the same family or category of phenomenon as is the result. For example, a model of a vase is the similar family cause for a vase that one is now making. | rigs-'dra'I rgyu | sajatiyakaranam |
| Ursache des gleichen Status | cause, equal status | See: equal status cause. | ||
| Ursachen des gleichen Status | equal status cause | Causes for which the results are later moments in the same category of phenomena as they are -- either in the same ethical category or on the same plane of existence. | skal-mnyam-gyi rgyu | |
| Ursache und Wirkung | cause and effect | See: behavioral cause and effect. | ||
| Ursache und Wirkung, verhaltensbedingte | cause and effect, behavioral | See: behavioral cause and effect. | ||
| ursächliche Bedingungen | causal conditions | All the causes that have the power to produce a specific result. | rgyu'i rkyen | hetupratyaya |
| ursächliches Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung | causal taking of safe direction | A taking of safe direction (refuge) in which the sources of that safe direction are the persons or phenomena that act as causes for one's our own attainments of the Three Gems, namely the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha already attained by others. Synonymous with "mere taking of safe direction." | rgyu'i skyabs-'gro | |
| ursprüngliche Reinheit | primal purity | The essential nature of rigpa (pure awareness), which refers to its being pure of all stains, without a beginning. | ka-dag | |
| ursprünglicher Geist | primordial mind | Awareness that, with no beginning, has been untainted by the fleeting stains of either the emotional or cognitive obscurations. A synonym for "clear light mind." | gnyug-sems | |
| ursprünglicher Zustand | primordial state | The state of having, with no beginning, been untainted by the fleeting stains of either the emotional or cognitive obscurations. Descriptive of the clear light mind. | gnyug-ma | |
| ursprüngliches tiefstes Alaya | primordial deepest alaya | In the dzogchen system, a synonym for basis rigpa. The source of all appearances of samsara and nirvana. | ye-don kun-shes | |
| ursprünglich rein | primally pure | See: primal purity. | ||
| ursprünglich reines Gewahrseins | primally pure awareness | See: primal purity. | ||
| Ursprungsquelle // Geburtsquelle | natal source | That which gives rise to something, such as a womb for a baby or an oven for a loaf of bread. | rdzas | dravya |
| Ursprungsquelle / Geburtsquelle | source, natal | See: natal source. | ||
| Vaibhashika | Vaibhashika | A Hinayana school of Indian Buddhism that does not assert reflexive awareness and does assert external phenomena; a subdivision of the Sarvastivada school of Hinayana. One of the four Indian Buddhist tenet systems studied by all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. | Bye-brag smra-ba | |
| Vajra-Körper | Vajra Body | See: Vajra Corpus. | ||
| Vajra-Körper | Vajra Corpus | In some dzogchen systems, the voidness factor of the deep awareness of a Buddha's pure awareness (rigpa); the unchanging nature of the other corpuses of a Buddha. Also called Vajra Body. | rdo-rje-i sku | vajrakaya |
| Vajra-Körper, unveränderlicher | Vajra Body, Immutable | See: Immutable Vajra Corpus. | ||
| Vajra-Körper, unveränderlicher | Vajra Corpus, Immutable | See: Immutable Vajra Corpus. | ||
| Vajrayana | Vajrayana | The Diamond-strong Vehicle of Mind, within Mahayana, that makes use of the tantra methods. Synonymous with "Mantrayana" and "Tantrayana." | rdo-rje theg-pa | vajrayana |
| verblendete Auffassung in Bezug auf ein vergängliches Netzwerk | deluded outlook toward a transitory network | (1) According to Vasubandhu and Asanga, the disturbing attitude that regards some transitory network from one's own samsara-perpetuating five aggregates as “me” or as “mine.” (2) According to Tsongkhapa, the disturbing attitude that focuses on the conventional "me" and regards it as a truly findable “me,” identical with the aggregates, or as “me, the possessor, controller, or inhabitant” of the aggregates. Alternative Tibetan: 'jig-lta. | 'jig-tshogs-la lta-ba | satkayadrshti |
| verblendete Auffassung in Bezug auf ein vergängliches Netzwerk | deluded outlook toward a transitory network | See: deluded outlook toward a transitory network, Tib. 'jig-tshogs-la lta-ba. | 'jig-lta | satkayadrshti |
| verblendetes Gewahrsein | deluded awareness | A primary consciousness that is aimed at the alayavijnana in the Chittamatra system, or at the alaya for habits in the dzogchen system, and grasps at it to be the "me" to be refuted. | nyon-yid | |
| Verblendung | delusion | See: disturbing emotion or attitude. | ||
| verbotene unsägliche Handlungen | prohibited unspeakable action | Ethically neutral (unspecified) actions that Buddha prohibited for certain types of practitioners, for instance monks or nuns, as detrimental to their spiritual practice. | bcas-pa'i kha-na ma-tho-ba | |
| Verbrechen, fünf unmittelbar ins Elend führende | crimes, five heinous | See: five heinous crimes. | ||
| verbundenes Paar | joined pair | A pair of items, joined inseparably, in which the initial attainment of one of the items occurs before the initial attainment of the other. | zung-'brel | |
| verbundene Untrennbarkeit | joined inseparability | The relationship between two items that do not naturally occur simultaneously and inseparably, but are made to do so through the power of meditation. Once the attainments of both are joined, then whenever one is the case or is occurring, so is the other. | sbyor-bcas dbyer-med | |
| verbunden mit Verwirrung | associated with confusion | See: tainted. | ||
| Verdienst | merit | See: positive karmic force. | ||
| vereintes Paar | unified pair | A pair of items, joined inseparably, in which the initial attainment of both items occurs simultaneously. Sometimes used as a general term whether the initial attainment of both items occurs simultaneously or sequentially. | zung-'jug | yuganaddha |
| Verfälschung / verfälschende Hinzufügung | interpolation | The projection or superimposition, onto an object, of a quality or a conventional or ultimate identity that it doesn't have. For instance, to superimpose true existence onto the conventionally existent "me." Literally, the term means "sticking feathers on to something." Some translators render it as "exaggeration," but it is not the exaggeration of something present. Rather, it is the adding of something that is not there, as if it were present. | sgro-'dogs | |
| vergangenes Stattfinden | passed-happening | See: no-longer happening. | ||
| Vergegenwärtigung | mindfulness | (1) The subsidiary awareness (mental factor), similar to a mental glue, that keeps a mental hold on a cognitive object, so that it is not lost. (2) The recollection of something, with which the mind keeps a mental hold on a mental hologram that resembles and represents something previously cognized. The term is often rendered as "memory" or "remembering," but has nothing to do with the recording or storage of mental information. | dran-pa | smrti |
| Verhalten, gezügeltes/ Verhalten bezähmtes | behavior, tamed | See: tamed behavior. | ||
| verhaltensbedingte Ursache und Wirkung | behavioral cause and effect | The principles of karma, whereby certain actions produce certain effects. The cause is one's behavior – how one acts, speaks, and thinks – and the effect is what one experiences. Behavioral cause and effect is about the connection between one's behavior and what one experiences as a result. | las-'bras | |
| Verlangen | desire | See: longing desire. | ||
| Verlangen, sehnsüchtiges | desire, longing | See: longing desire. | ||
| Vermächtnis, karmisches | legacy, karmic | See: karmic legacy. | ||
| vernichten | devastate | To totally weaken the effectiveness of something, such as the positive force of a constructive act, such that it ripens into something far less and more distant in the future, but without completely eliminating its potential to ripen. | bcom | |
| Verpflichtung | commitment | A spiritual practice that one promises to do. The mental factor with which one makes such a promise. The promise may be made either formally with a ritual or informally, and either verbally or nonverbally. In the case of commitment toward a spiritual master, the mental factor with which one promises to relate to that teacher in a healthy manner, in accord with the traditional scriptural description. The term does not have the connotation of a sense of duty or an obligation. | ||
| verschleiertes Phänomen | obscure phenomenon | A validly knowable phenomenon that cannot be apprehended through the force of personal experience, but can be apprehended through the force of a line of reasoning. | lkog-gyur | |
| Verse, besondere | verses, special | See: special verses. | ||
| Verse, metrische | verses, metered | See: metered verses. | ||
| Verse, wohlklingende | verses, melodic | See: melodic verses. | ||
| versprochenes anstrebendes Bodhichtitta / anstrebendes Bodhichitta, das man gelobt hat | pledged aspiring bodhichitta | See: pledged state of aspiring bodhichitta. | ||
| vertiefe Konzentration | absorbed concentration | Perfect concentration fully absorbed or sunk into an object of focus. | ting-nge-'dzin | samadhi |
| Vertiefung, völlige | absorption, total | See: total absorption. | ||
| Vertiefung in Leerheit mit dem klaren Licht | absorption on voidness, clear light | See: clear light absorption on voidness. | ||
| Vertiefung in Leerheit mit dem klaren Licht | clear light absorption on voidness | Total absorption, with clear light awareness, on voidness (emptiness). | ||
| vertikale geistige Synthese | vertical mental synthesis | A collection or mental synthesis that extends over time, such as a human body over a lifetime. | gong-ma'i spyi | |
| Vertrauen | faith | See: believing a fact to be true. | ||
| verunreinigte Aggregate | contaminated aggregates | See: tainted aggregates. | ||
| Verunreinigung | defilement | See: disturbing emotion or attitude. | ||
| vervollständigendes Karma | completing karma | A mental urge or impulse having a relatively weak accompanying motivation and therefore having the strength to ripen, as its result, into only the circumstances that will complete the conditions of a future rebirth. | rdzogs-byed-kyi las | |
| verwirklichen / erkennen | realize | To understand correctly, in a stable manner, some point in the Dharma, such as voidness, such that it brings about a lasting attainment and change in the person who has gained it. | ||
| verwirklicht | accomplished | See: highly accomplished. | ||
| verwirklichte Errungenschaft / verwirklichte Erlangung | actual attainment | A significant spiritual goal that one actually attains or, literally, "makes actual" or "makes real" on one's mental continuum. The ordinary actual attainments refer to extrasensory and extraphysical powers, while the supreme actual attainment refers to enlightenment. | dngos-grub | siddhi |
| Verwirklichung | realization | A stable, correct understanding of some point in the Dharma, such as voidness, which brings about a lasting attainment and change in the person who has it. Compare: "attainment". | rtogs-pa | |
| Verwirklichung, nachfolgende | realization, subsequent | See: subsequent realization. | ||
| Verwirklichung und Befreiung, gleichzeitige | realization and liberation, simultaneous | See: simultaneous realization and liberation | ||
| Verwirrung | bewilderment | A naive state of mind of not know what is happening. | rmongs-pa | |
| Verwirrung | confusion | A nontechnical term used in place of unawareness (ignorance) to simplify a discussion of the topic, but without any connotation of disorganization, disorientation, or dementia. | ||
| verzerrte, feindselige Geisteshaltung | distorted antagonistic thinking | The action of thinking with a distorted outlook and, in addition, wishing to repudiate, with hostility, anyone that disagrees with one's view. Also called: "thinking with a distorted, antagonistic attitude. | log-lta | |
| verzerrte Wahrnehmung | distorted cognition | A way of being aware of something that takes its object incorrectly. Conceptual distorted cognition is deceived with respect to its conceptualized object; nonconceptual distorted cognition is deceived with respect to its involved object. | log-shes | |
| vier Ausrichtungen der Vergegenwärtigung | four placements of mindfulness | See: four close placements of mindfulness. | ||
| vier Axiome | four axioms | The four axioms for examining a Dharma teaching in order to accept its validity: (1) dependency, (2) functionality, (3) establishment by reason, and (4) the nature of things. | rigs-pa bzhi | |
| vier bindende Faktoren | four binding factors | Factors which, when they accompany someone's acting in breach of a vow, bind that person to the full karmic result, in the sense of guaranteeing that the full karmic result will follow. | kun-dkris bzhi | |
| vier Buddhakörper | Four Buddha-Bodies | See: Four Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| vier feste Ausrichtungen der Vergegenwärtigung | four close placements of mindfulness | Meditation practices that focus on (a) the body, (b) feelings of levels of happiness, (c) mind, and (d) phenomena, with the subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors) of mindfulness ("mental glue") and attention to them with a certain understanding. (1) In Theravada, one is attentive to (a) the breath as affecting the body, (b) feelings of levels of happiness and unhappiness as affecting the mind, (c) disturbing emotions as affecting the thoughts, and (d) the nature of the previous three as being nonstatic and lacking an impossible "soul." (2) In Mahayana, one is attentive to (a) the body as unclean and true suffering, (b) feelings of levels of happiness as in the nature of suffering, and clinging to them as a true cause of suffering, (c) the six kinds of primary consciousness as naturally free of all stains, so as to understand true stoppings, and (d) all mental factors in terms of which to get rid of and which to cultivate, so as to understand true pathway minds. | dran-pa nyer-bzhag bzhi | smrtyupasthana (Pali: satipatthana) |
| vier Kennzeichen des Dharma | four hallmarks of the Dharma | Four points which, if contained in a system of teachings, indicate that the system is a Buddhist one: (1) all affected (conditioned) phenomena are nonstatic (impermanent), (2) all tainted phenomena are problematic (suffering), (3) all phenomena are devoid and lacking an impossible “soul,” while (4) a nirvana release is a pacification and something constructive. Also called "four sealing points for labeling an outlook as being based on enlightening words." | chos-kyi sdom-pa bzhi | |
| vier Kennzeichen des Dharma | hallmarks of the Dharma, four | See: four hallmarks of the Dharma. | ||
| vier Körper eines Buddha | Four Corpuses of a Buddha | (1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), (3) Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything (Jnanadharmakaya), and (4) Corpus of Essential Nature of a Buddha. | sku-bzhi | |
| Vinaya | vinaya | See: rules of discipline. | ||
| Vipassana | vipassana | Vipassana (Pali for vipashyana) is a state of mind that cognizes clearly, distinctly and directly the true nature of the breath, thoughts, and all other affecting variables -- namely their being nonstatic (impermanent), suffering, and, in relation to them, the lack of an impossible soul. Also, the Theravada practices leading to this state of mind. See also: exceptionally perceptive state of mind. | ||
| vollbringendes Gewahrsein | accomplishing awareness | See: accomplishing deep awareness. | ||
| vollbringendes tiefes Gewahrsein | accomplishing deep awareness | One of the five types of deep awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The deep awareness that goes out to a cognitive object and which has the willingness to accomplish something with it, or to do something with it or to it, or to relate to it in some personal way. Also called: deep awareness to accomplish things. | bya-grub ye-shes | |
| vollendete Qualitäten/ Errungenschaft | accomplishment | The attainment of a spiritual goal. | sgrub-pa | |
| Vollendungsstufe | completion stage | See: complete stage. | ||
| völlige Vertiefung | total absorption | A state of mind having the joined pair of shamatha and vipashyana, and in which absorbed concentration is focused single-pointedly on a voidness that is like space. It may be either conceptual or nonconceptual. Sometimes translated as "meditative equipoise." | mnyam-bzhag | samahita |
| völlig konzeptionelle Phänomene | totally conceptional phenomena | (1) In the context of the Chittamatra tenet-system, all static phenomena other than the various types of voidness, true stoppings, and nirvana, plus all non-existent phenomena. (2) In the context of the Madhyamaka tenet-system, all non-existent phenomena, especially true existence. | kun-btags | parikalpita |
| vollkommen begründete Phänomene | thoroughly established phenomena | (1) In the context of the Mahayana tenet system, a synonym for deepest truths. Specifically, in the Chittamatra system, the various voidnesses, true stoppings, and nirvana. (2) In the Buddhist medical system, hereditary, congenital diseases; genetic disorders. | yongs-grub | parinishpanna |
| Vollkommenheit | perfection | See: far-reaching attitude. | ||
| vollkommen imaginäre Formen physischer Phänomene | totally imaginary forms of physical phenomena | Forms of physical phenomena included only among cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena and which appear in certain mental states, such as the sensory objects appearing in dreams and the conceptually implied objects in visualizations and imaginings. | kun-btags-pa'i gzugs | |
| vom Intellekt herrührt | intellectually derived | Descriptive of meditation with verbal thoughts based on conceptual schemes. | blos-byas | |
| von anderem beeinflusstes Phänomen | other-powered phenomena | See: dependent phenomena. | ||
| von nichts beeinflusst | unaffected | See: unaffected phenomenon. | ||
| vorangehende Praxis der Verwirklichung | antecedent practice for realization | A visualization practice in which one imagines oneself to be a Buddha-figure, for which one has received empowerment, and which one does as a method for actualizing oneself as the figure. It is "antecedent" in the sense of being a meditation practice undertaken both before and as a condition for being able to actualize oneself as the Buddha-figure. Synonymous with "sadhana." | mngon-rtogs | |
| vorbereitende Übungen / vorbereitende Praxis | preliminary practices | Practices, such as prostration, usually repeated 100,000 times, done as a method to build up positive force and cleanse negative force so as to have more success in tantra practice. Also called "ngondro." | sngon-'gro | |
| Vorbild eines Geistes des klaren Lichts | clear light mind, model | See: model clear light mind. | ||
| Vorbild eines Geistes des klaren Lichts | model clear light mind | A subtle level of consciousness that has a blissful conceptual cognition of voidness, which is attained when the subtle energy-winds are partly dissolved in the central energy-channel. Also translated as "approximating clear light mind." | dpe'i 'od-gsal | |
| vorläufige Quelle einer sicheren Ausrichtung | provisional source of safe direction | The aryas with incomplete sets of true stoppings and true pathway minds on their mental continuums. | gnas-skabs-kyi skyabs-gnas | |
| vorrangiges Ergebnis | overriding result | See: dominating result. | ||
| Vorwärtssprung | leap-ahead | The practice, and resultant stage of the practice, in dzogchen during which one "leaps ahead" from the attainment of break-through, and during which effulgent rigpa gives rises to and cognizes itself as a rainbow body. During this stage, effulgent rigpa becomes increasingly more prominent, while essence rigpa is also prominently maintained. This stage is equivalent to an accustoming pathway of mind (path of meditation). | thod-rgal | |
| Wachsamkeit | alertness | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that checks the condition of mindfulness's mental hold on the object of focus. It sees if the mental hold has been lost or is too weak or too tight due to flightiness of mind or mental dullness. It is more, however, than just reflexive awareness or implicit apprehension, which merely notices what is happening with the meditation. It resembles an alarm system to trigger a response with restoring attention to correct any faults. | shes-bzhin | samprajanya |
| Wahnehmung, gültige | cognition, valid | See: valid cognition. | ||
| Wahnehmung, indirekte | cognition, indirect | See: indirect cognition. | ||
| wahre Beendigung | true cessation | See: true stopping. | ||
| wahre Beendigung | true stopping | The elimination, forever, of some degree of either an emotional or a cognitive obscuration from a mental continuum. They occur only on the mental continuum of aryas -- those with nonconceptual cognition of voidness. Often translated as "true cessation." Alternative Tibetan: 'gog-bden. | 'gog-pa'i bden-pa | nirodha-satya |
| wahre Beendigung | true stopping | See: true stopping, Tib. 'gog-bden. | 'gog-bden | nirodha-satya |
| wahre Existenz | true existence | (1) An impossible mode of existence mistakenly considered to be true. Existence established or proven (a) merely by the power of something on the side of an object and not in conjunction with being something imputable on a basis, according to Gelug Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, or (b) by the power of something on the side of an object, either by itself or in conjunction with being something imputable on a basis, according to Gelug Prasangika-Madhyamaka. (2) A mode of existence that is true. Existence established or proven by (a) arising from causes and conditions, according to Jetsunpa and Kunkhyen Gelug Sautrantika, or (b) the power of something on the side of an object, according to Panchen Gelug Sautrantika and Gelug Chittamatra. Also translated as "truly established existence." | bden-par grub-pa | |
| wahre nichtzugeschriebene Existenz | true unimputed existence | Existence established or proven merely by the power of something on the side of an object and not in conjunction with being something imputable on a basis. According to Madhyamaka, an impossible mode of existence mistakenly considered to be true. Also called "truly and unimputedly established existence." | bden-par grub-pa | |
| wahre Realität | true reality | A nontechnical term used for what actually exists. | ||
| wahrhaft auffindbare Existenz | true findable existence | Existence established or proven by the power of something findable on the side of an object, either by itself or in conjunction with being something imputable on a basis. According to Gelug Prasangika-Madhyamaka, an impossible mode of existence mistakenly considered to be true. Also called "truly and findably established existence." | bden-par grub-pa | |
| wahrhaft begründete Existenz | truly established existence | See: true existence. | ||
| Wahrhaftigkeit / zu seinem Wort stehen | being true to one's word | The mental state with which, once one gives one's word to do something to benefit others, one does not break one's promise. The seventh of the ten far-reaching attitudes developed by bodhisattvas according to the Theravada tradition. | bden-pa | satya (Pali: sacca) |
| wahrhaft und auffindbar begründete Existenz | truly and findably established existence | See: true findable existence. | ||
| wahrhaft und nichtzugeschrieben begründete Existenz | truly and unimputedly established existence | See. true unimputed existence. | ||
| Wahrheit, oberflächliche | truth, superficial | See: superficial truth. | ||
| Wahrheiten, zwei | truths, two | See: two truths. | ||
| wahrnehmen | cognize | See: cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung | cognition | (1) The act of cognizing or knowing something, but without necessarily knowing what it is or what it means. It may be either valid or invalid, conceptual or nonconceptual . This is the most general term for knowing something. (2) The "package" of a primary consciousness, its accompanying mental factors (subsidiary awarenesses), and the cognitive object shared by all of them. According to some systems, a cognition also includes reflexive awareness. | shes-pa | |
| Wahrnehmung | perception | A general, nontechnical term used for valid sensory cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, blosse | cognition, bare | See: bare cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, direkte | cognition, direct | See: direct cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, einfache | cognition, straightforward | See: straightforward cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, explizite | cognition, explicit | See: explicit cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, implizite | cognition, implicit | See: implicit cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, konzeptuelle | cognition, conceptual | See: conceptual cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, nachfolgende | cognition, subsequent | See: subsequent cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, nichtkonzeptuelle | cognition, nonconceptual | See: nonconceptual cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, schlussfolgernde | cognition, inferential | See: inferential cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, trügerische | cognition, deceptive | See: deceptive cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, unentschiedene | cognition, nondetermining | See: nondetermining cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, unentschlossene | cognition, indecisive | See: indecisive wavering. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, ungültige | cognition, invalid | See: invalid cognition. | ||
| Wahrnehmung, verzerrte | cognition, distorted | See: distorted cognition. | ||
| wanderndes Wesen | wandering being | A being that "wanders" from one uncontrollably recurring rebirth to the next; a being caught in samsara. Synonymous with "limited being" (sentient being). | 'gro-ba | gamin |
| Weisen, in denen man sich etwas gewahr ist | ways of being aware of something | One of the three kinds of nonstatic phenomena -- all types of mental activity cognizing an object. | shes-pa | |
| Weiterexistenz | further existence | See: karmic impulse that actualizes a further existence. Other translators often render the term as "becoming." | srid-pa | bhava |
| weitreichende Geisteshaltungen | far-reaching attitude | A mental factor that brings one to the far shore of samsara, either to liberation or to enlightenment. There are either six or ten far-reaching attitudes. Also called "perfection." Theravada and Mahayana give slightly different lists of these. According to Mahayana, the six are the far-reaching attitudes of (1) generosity, (2) ethical self-discipline, (3) patience, (4) joyful perseverance, (5) mental stability, and (6) discriminating awareness (wisdom). The Mahayana list of ten adds the far-reaching attitudes of (7) skill in means, (8) aspirational prayer, (9) strengthening, and (10) deep awareness. Alternative Tibetan: phar-phyin. | pha-rol-tu phyin-pa | paramita, (Pali: parami) |
| weitreichende Geisteshaltungen | far-reaching attitude | See: far-reaching attitude, Tib. pha-rol-tu phyin-pa. | phar-phyin | paramita, (Pali: parami) |
| Wertschätzung | appreciation | Valuing something highly, usually the kindness of someone. Often used in the context of appreciating the kindness of one's spiritual mentor. Sometimes translated as "respect." | gus-pa | |
| Wesen, gewöhnliches | being, ordinary | See: ordinary being. | ||
| Widerlegung | refutation | See: negation phenomenon. | ||
| widersprüchlich | contradictory | See: mutually exclusive. | ||
| Widmung | dedication | See: dedication prayer. | ||
| Widmungsgebet / Gebet der Widmung | dedication prayer | A prayer for the attainment of a spiritual goal or of the circumstances conducive for reaching that goal, in which the person making the prayer directs the positive force (merit) from a constructive action that he or she has done toward ripening into that attainment. | bsngo-ba | pranidhana |
| wiederkehrende Existenz | recurring existence | See: samsara. | ||
| wirklich | real | A nontechnical term for what actually exists. | ||
| wirklicher Zustand | actual state | The full definitional state of something, such as one of levels of mental constancy. | dngos-gzhi | |
| wirksames Phänomen | functional phenomenon | (1) A validly knowable, existent object that performs a function -- in other words, it produces a result -- namely, a nonstatic phenomenon. (2) In the Vaibhashika system, all validly knowable, existent phenomenon, all of which at least perform the function of acting as an object for the valid cognition of them. | dngos-po | |
| Wirkungen, die ihren Ursachen im eigenen instinktivem Verhalten ähneln | result that is similar to its cause on one's instinctive behavior | See: result that corresponds to its cause on one's behavior. | ||
| wohlklingende Verse | melodic verses | One of the twelve scriptural categories. (1) Verses that Buddha uttered during the course of and at the conclusion of his sutras. (2) According to some explanations, scriptures of interpretable meaning. | dbyangs-kyis bsnyad-pa | geya |
| Wohlwollen | benevolence | The mental factor of wishing to benefit others, wishing others well. Often translated by others as "altruism." | phan-sems | |
| wundersame Emanation | miraculous emanations | (1) In mahamudra and dzogchen texts, a descriptive synonym for the mental aspects (mental appearances, mental holograms) that are produced by the clarity aspect of the mind and which are directly cognized by conceptual or nonconceptual cognition. (2) A synonym for extraphysical emanations. | rnam-'phrul | vikurvana |
| wundersame Kräfte | miraculous powers | See: extraphysical emanations. | ||
| Wurzelgelübde des Bodhisattva | root bodhisattva vows | The eighteen primary bodhisattva vows which, if kept purely, act as a root for attaining enlightenment, and which, if fully transgressed, act as a root for rebirth in one of the worse rebirth states. | ||
| Wurzelgelübde des Tantra | root tantric vows | The fourteen primary tantric vows which, if kept purely, act as a root for attaining enlightenment, and which, if fully transgressed, act as a root for rebirth in one of the worse rebirth states. | ||
| Wurzelguru | root guru | The spiritual teacher that inspires one the most, such that his or her inspiration serves as the root giving sustenance to one's spiritual growth. | rtsa-ba'i bla-ma | |
| Wurzeln der Tugend | roots of virtue | See: roots of positive force. | ||
| Wurzeln konstruktiver Kraft | roots of constructive force | See: roots of positive force. Often translated by others as "roots of virtue." | dge-rtsa | |
| Wurzel positiver Kräfte | roots of positive force | The network of positive force (collection of merit), described from the point of view of it serving as the "root" for one to grow into a Buddha. | dge-ba'i rtsa-ba | |
| Yogachara | Yogachara | Another name for the Chittamatra school of Indian Buddhism. | rNal-'byor spyod-pa | |
| Yoga in sechs Sitzungen | Six-Session Yoga | In Gelug, a practice, recited six times daily, required of those who have received an anuttarayoga empowerment, through which they keep the nineteen closely bonding practices for the five Buddha-families. Alternative Tibetan: Thun-drug. | Thun-drug rnal-'byor | |
| Yoga in sechs Sitzungen | Six-Session Yoga | See: Six-Session Yoga, Tib. Thun-drug rnal-'byor. | Thun-drug | |
| Zeit | time | An interval imputed or measured in the continuum of the occurrence of a sequence of cause and effect. Since time is conceptually imputable, time is a function of and therefore relative to the mind that conceptually imputes it. | dus | kala |
| zeremonielle Folge der Darbringung eines rituellen Festmahls | ceremonial round of offering a ritual feast | A tantra ritual, part of a puja, in which specially consecrated offerings, usually including a torma, are made to one's spiritual master inseparable from a Buddha-figure. In anuttarayoga tantra, the offerings include consecrated alcohol and meat. Often refered to by the Tibetan "tsog." | tshogs-'khor | ganacakra |
| Ziel, gleichzeitig (stattfindendes) motivierendes | aim, contemporaneous motivating | See: contemporaneous motivating aim. | ||
| Ziel, kausales, motivierendes | aim, causal motivating | See: causal motivating aim. | ||
| Ziel, motivierendes | aim, motivating | See: motivating aim. | ||
| zu einem spirituellen Mentor eine gesunde Beziehung aufbauen | relating to a spiritual mentor in a healthy manner | Entrusting oneself, through mind and actions, to a fully qualified spiritual mentor. Also called: relying on a spiritual mentor, entrusting oneself to a spiritual mentor, whole-hearted commitment to a spiritual mentor. Often translated as: guru-devotion. | bshes-gnyen bsten-pa | |
| Zuflucht/ Zufluchtnahme | refuge | See: safe direction. | ||
| Zuflucht nehmen | refuge, take | See: take safe direction. | ||
| Zuflucht nehmen | take refuge | See: take safe direction. | ||
| Zufluchts-Präzeptor / die Zufluchten gebende Präzeptor | refuge preceptor | A spiritual mentor who has kept one of the sets of pratimoksha vows purely for a certain number of years and in whose presence spiritual seekers formally take refuge (put a safe direction in their lives), thus committing themselves to the Buddhist path. | ||
| Zuflucht zu den Drei Juwelen nehmen | go for refuge to the Three Gems | See: take safe direction from the Three Gems. | ||
| Zugang zur geistigen Aktivität des klaren Lichts | access clear light mental activity | Through advanced meditation practices of the anuttarayoga tantra complete stage, to reach the clear light level of mind -- in the sense of stopping the grosser levels of mind so that the mind operates only on the underlying clear light level, which is the subtlest level of mental activity, and which has been operating with no beginning -- and then both to recognize this subtlest level of mind for what it is and utilize it for cognizing objects. | ||
| Zugang zu Rigpa finden / in den Zustand von Rigpa eintreten | access rigpa | Through special methods used by a dzogchen master in a personal interaction with a fully prepared dzogchen practitioner, the practitioner reaching the rigpa (pure awareness) level of mind -- in the sense of making the exclusive focus of attention this underlying subtlest, untainted level of mental activity, which has been operating with no beginning -- and then both recognizing rigpa for what it is and making use of its natural properties. | ||
| Zuhören | listening | At the time when the Buddhist teachings were only available in oral form, hearing the recitation of the teachings. Nowadays, also reading the teachings. By means of listening to the teachings, one learns about them. | thos-pa | shruta |
| Zurückweisung / Nichtanerkennen | repudiation | A conceptual denial of something that is true or is present. | skur-'debs | |
| zusätzliche bindende Praktiken | auxiliary bonding practices | A set of nine practices and attitudes that, during an anuttarayoga tantra empowerment, one pledges to maintain in order to keep a close connection with tantra practice. | yan-lag-gi dam-tshig | |
| zusätzliche bindende Praktiken | bonding practices, auxiliary | See: auxiliary bonding practices. | ||
| zusätzliche schwerwiegende Handlungen | auxiliary thick actions | A set of actions, in addition to the eight thick actions, that, at either a yoga or anuttarayoga empowerment, one vows to avoid and which, if committed, weaken meditation practice and hamper progress along the tantra path. Also called: auxiliary secondary tantric vows. | yan-lag-gi sbom-po | |
| zuschreiben / Zuschreibung | imputation | See: mental labeling. | ||
| Zustand, ursprünglicher | state, primordial | See: primordial state. | ||
| Zustand getrennt vom geistigen Aufnehmen | state parted from taking to mind | The state of mind that is parted from conceptual constructs -- in other words, equivalent to the state parted from mental fabrication. | yid-byed bral-ba | |
| Zustand getrennt von geistiger Fabrikation | state parted from mental fabrication | The state of mind that is parted from conceptual constructs. | spros-bral | |
| zwei Buddhakörper | Two Buddha-Bodies | See: Two Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Zweifel | doubt | See: indecisive wavering. | ||
| zwei Körper eines Buddha | Two Corpuses of a Buddha | (1) A Corpus of Forms (Rupakaya) and (2) Corpus Encompassing Everything (Dharmakaya) of a Buddha. | sku-gnyis | |
| zwei Wahrheiten | two truths | (1) In Hinayana, two types of validly knowable phenomena into which all existent phenomena can be divided: superficially true and deepest true phenomena. (2) In Gelug Mahayana, two true facts that can be validly known about any existent phenomenon. (3) In non-Gelug Mahayana, all existent phenomena cognized with dualistic appearance-making and cognized without dualistic appearance-making. Alternative Tibetan: bden-gnyis. | bden-pa gnyis | |
| Zwischenexistenz | inbetween existence | See: bardo. | ||
| Zwischenzustand | inbetween state | See: bardo. | ||
| zwölf Anreger | twelve stimulators of cognition | The twelve classes of nonstatic phenomena that serve as focal and dominating conditions for the six types of cognition -- namely, (1) sights, (2) eye sensors, (3) sounds, (4) ear sensors, (5) smells, (6) nose sensors, (7) tastes, (8) tongue sensors, (9) physical sensations, (10) body sensors, (11) (all) phenomena, and (12) mnd sensors. | skye-mched bcu-gnyis | dvadasha ayatana |
| zwölf Glieder des abhängigen Entstehens | twelve links of dependent arising | The twelve-part mechanism whereby the existence of all samsaric phenomena, especially those of future rebirth, are established by reliance on unawareness: (1) unawareness, (2) affecting impulses, (3) loaded consciousness, (4) nameable mental faculties with or without gross form, (5) stimulators of cognition, (6) contacting awareness, (7) feeling a level of happiness, (8) craving, (9) an obtainer, (10) further existence, (11) conception, and (12) aging and dying. | rten-'brel yan-lag bcu-gnyis | |
| zyklische Existenz | cyclic existence | See: samsara. |