Zur Textversion für diese Seite wechseln. Zur Haupt-Navigation springen.
Deutsches Glossar Buddhistischer Fachbegriffe
Dieses Glossar enthält bislang nur einen Teil der Fachbegriffe, die auf unserer Webseite verwendet werden. Mit weiterem Fortschreiten der Arbeit am Glossar werden wir weitere Begriffe hinzugefügen. Die Definitionen liegen bislang noch nicht in der deutschen Übersetzung vor, wir haben daher in diese Fassung des Glossars die englischen Definitionen aufgenommen.
Wählen Sie einen der folgenden Buchstaben. Es werden dann alle Glossareinträge mit diesem Anfangsbuchstaben angezeigt:
A Ä B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T Ü U V W Y Z alles
| Deutsch | Englisch | Definition (Englisch) | Tibetisch | Sanskrit (Pali) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bardo | bardo | The state of existence from the moment immediately after death until the moment immediately before conception. Translated as the "inbetween state." | bar-do | antarabhava |
| Bardo-Existenz | bardo existence | The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being starting from the moment immediately after death until the moment immediately before conception. | bar-do'i srid-pa | |
| Basis für alles | basis for all | A synonym for rigpa (pure awareness), used primarily in treasure texts of the mind division. | kun-gzhi | alaya |
| beabsichtigte Bedeutung | intent | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) to obtain any object, to achieve any goal, or to do something with the object or goal once obtained or achieved, but based on prior deliberation and thus a stronger mental factor than intention . | ||
| Beachtung | regard | See: firm conviction. | ||
| Bedeutung, explizit hinweisende | meaning, explicit suggestive | See: explicit suggestive meaning. | ||
| Bedeutung, implizit hingewiesene | meaning, implicit suggested | See: implicit suggested meaning. | ||
| bedeutungsbezogene Kategorie | meaning category | The conceptual category into which fit all significances (meanings) of an audio category. | don-spyi | |
| bedeutungsbezogenes Allgemeines | meaning universal | See: meaning category. | ||
| Bedeutungs-Kategorie /Objekt-Kategorie | meaning/object category | The conceptual category into which fit all items to which an audio category refers. These items are also what the audio category signifies (means). | don-spyi | |
| bedingtes Entstehen | dependent arising | The reliance of something on something other than itself for establishing its existence. (1) The reliance of all samsaric phenomena on unawareness for establishing their existence; (2) the reliance of all functional, nonstatic phenomena on causes and conditions for establishing their existence; (3) the reliance of both static and nonstatic phenomena on their parts for establishing their existence; (4) the reliance of all phenomena on mental labeling for establishing their existence. Also translated as "dependent origination." Alternative Tibetan: rten-'brel. | rten-cing 'brel-bar 'byung-ba | pratityasamutpada |
| bedingtes Entstehen | dependent arising | See: dependent arising, Tib. rten-cing 'brel-bar 'byung-ba. | rten-'brel | pratityasamutpada |
| bedingtes Phänomen | conditioned phenomenon | See: affected phenomenon. | ||
| Bedingung | condition | A nonstatic phenomenon that helps shape the conventional identity of something that is produced or arises from causes. | rkyen | pratyaya |
| Bedingung, fokale | condition, focal | See: focal condition. | ||
| Bedingung, objektive | condition, objective | See: objective condition. | ||
| Bedingung, unmittelbar vorausgehende | condition, immediately preceding | See: immediately preceding condition. | ||
| Bedingung, ursächliche | condition, causal | See: causal condition. | ||
| beeinflussend | affecting | To influence or condition other things so that it contributes to causing effects to happen. | ||
| beeinflussende Impulse | affecting impulses | See: link of affecting impulses. | ||
| beeinflussende Impulse | link of affecting impulses | The second of the twelve links of dependent arising. A karmic impulse that will affect future lives; synonymous with "throwing karma." Some translators render the term as the "link of karmic formations." | 'du-byed-kyi yan-lag | samskara-anga |
| beeinflussende Natur | influencing nature | One of the threefold natures of pure awareness (rigpa), referring to the enlightening influence it has on others. | 'phrin-las | |
| beeinflussende Variable / Einflussvariable | affecting variable | A phenomenon that continually changes (a nonstatic phenomenon) and which influences other nonstatic phenomenon to arise, in the sense that it contributes to causing them to happen. | 'du-byed | samskara |
| beeinflusst | affected | To be influenced by or conditioned by causes and conditions. | ||
| beeinflusstes Phänomen | affected phenomenon | A phenomenon that arises because of the influence of causes and conditions, and which changes because of constantly being influenced by causes and conditions. This refers to all nonstatic phenomena. Translators often render the term as "conditioned phenomenon." | 'dus-byas-kyi chos | samskrtadharma |
| Beendigung | stopping | The total elimination of something such that it never recurs. | 'gog-pa | nirodha |
| Beendigung, wahre | stopping, true | See: true stopping. | ||
| befleckt | tainted | Something that derives from a disturbing emotion or attitude, or is related in some way with a disturbing emotion or attitude. According to Vasubandhu, they give rise to further tainted phenomena; while according to Asanga, only some do that. Also translated as "mixed with confusion. Some translators render this term as "contaminated." | zag-bcas | sashrava |
| befleckte Aggregate | tainted aggregates | The five aggregate factors of experience that derive from a disturbing emotion or attitude, or are related in some with a disturbing emotion or attitude. Some translators render the term as "contaminated aggregates." | zag-bcas kyi phung-po | |
| befreites Wesen | liberated being | See: arhat. | ||
| Befreiung | liberation | The state of an arhat; the state in which one has attained a true stopping of true suffering and the true origins of suffering, and thus a true stopping of samsara; the state in which one has attained a true stopping of the emotional obscurations. | thar-pa | moksha (Pali: mokkha) |
| Begierde | craving | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of a strong longing desire to experience something in the future that one may or may not be experiencing at present. The Sanskrit term means, literally, "thirst." | sred-pa | trshna |
| Begierde aufgrund von Angst | craving because of fear | One of the three types of craving specified particularly in terms of the time of death. Also called: craving to be separated from what is fearful. (1) A strong longing desire to be parted from pain and unhappiness. (2) Holding on to objects of the past. | 'jigs-sred | |
| Begierde in Bezug auf Begehrenswertes | craving in relation to what is desirable | One of the three types of craving specified particularly in terms of the time of death. (1) A strong longing desire not to be parted from the ordinary forms of happiness that one is currently experiencing. (2) Holding on to objects of the present, which one is attached to keeping. | 'dod-sred | |
| Begierde in Bezug auf Weiterexistenz | craving in relation to further existence | One of the three types of craving specified particularly in terms of the time of death. (1) A strong longing desire for a neutral feeling, which one is experiencing, to continue surviving and not degenerate. (2) A strong longing desire for one's own body composed of five aggregates to continue surviving as a basis for craving in relation to what is desirable and craving because of fear. (3) Holding on to objects of the future. | srid-sred | |
| begreifen | apprehend | To cognitively take an object of cognition both correctly and decisively. | rtogs-pa | |
| Begreifen | apprehension | See: apprehend. | ||
| Begreifen, explizites | apprehension, explicit | See: explicit apprehension. | ||
| Begreifen, implizites | apprehension, implicit | See: implicit apprehension. | ||
| begrenztes Gewahrsein | limited awareness | See: sem. | ||
| begrenztes Wesen | limited being | A being still having limited awareness. Any being other than a Buddha. Often rendered as "sentient being." | sems-can | sattva |
| benennbare Geisteskräfte mit oder ohne feste Form | link of nameable mental faculties with or without gross form | The fourth of the twelve links of dependent arising. The four mental aggregates -- consciousness, feeling a level of happiness, distinguishing, and other affecting variables -- some of which are merely potentials -- together with the aggregate of forms of physical phenomena during a rebirth on the plane of sensory desires or the plane of ethereal forms, or without this aggregate during a rebirth on the plane of formless beings, during the period of time in the development of a foetus from the moment of conception up until the moment just before the cognitive faculties of seeing, hearing, and so on are differentiated. | ming-dang gzugs-kyi yan-lag | namarupa-anga |
| benennbare Geisteskräfte mit oder ohne feste Form | nameable mental faculties with or without gross form, link of | See: link of nameable mental faculties with or without gross form. | ||
| Benommenheit | dumbfoundedness | In the dzogchen system, a nominal disturbing attitude, equivalent to automatically arising unawareness regarding phenomena, which obscures rigpa's (pure awareness's) knowing its own nature. Some translators render it as "bedazzlement" or "stupidity," but it has nothing to do with intelligence. | rmongs-cha | |
| Bereich der Form | form realm | See: plane of ethereal forms. | ||
| Bereich des Begehrens | desire realm | See: plane of sensory desires. | ||
| Berichte, enthüllende | accounts, revelatory | See: revelatory accounts. | ||
| Berichte, erläuternde | accounts, illustrative | See: illustrative accounts. | ||
| Berichte, fabelhafte | accounts, fabulous | See: fabulous accounts. | ||
| Berichte von früheren Leben | accounts, past life | See: past life accounts. | ||
| Berichte von früheren Leben | past life accounts | Accounts of the difficult ascetic practices that Buddha performed in his previous lives while engaging in the conduct of the bodhisattvas. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | skyes-pa'i rabs | jataka |
| Beschäftigung mit dem "Ich" | self-preoccupation | An attitude of thinking only about oneself, as if one were the only one in the world, and not thinking about anyone else; narcissism. | ngar-'dzin | |
| bescheidenes Fahrzeug | Modest Vehicle | See: Hinayana. | ||
| bescheidenes Fahrzeug des Geistes | Modest Vehicle of Mind | See: Hinayana. | ||
| besondere Einsicht | special insight | See: exceptionally perceptive state of mind. | ||
| besonderes Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung | special taking of safe direction | Synonym for "resultant taking of safe direction." | skyabs-'gro khyad-par-ba | |
| besondere Verse | special verses | Praises that Buddha uttered with joy for the sake of the long life of his teachings, and not for the sake of specific individuals. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | ched-du brjod-pa | udana |
| besonnener Glaube an Tatsachen | clearheaded belief in a fact | A constructive emotion that is clear about a fact and, like a water purifier, clears the mind of disturbing emotions and attitudes about the object. | dvang-ba'i dad-pa | |
| beständige Phänomene | permanent phenomena | See: static phenomena. | ||
| Beständigkeit | permanence | See: staticness. | ||
| bestätigend erkanntes Phänomen | affirmingly known phenomenon | See: affirmation phenomenon. | ||
| Bestätigung / Affirmation | affirmation | See: affirmation phenomenon. | ||
| Bestätigungs-Phänomen | affirmation phenomenon | An item, or a truth about an item, defined in terms of the establishment of something, without an object to be negated being explicitly precluded by the sounds that express it. | sgrub-pa | |
| beteiligtes Bodhichitta | involved bodhichitta | See: engaged bodhichitta. | ||
| beteiligtes Objekt | involved object | The main object with which a particular cognition involves itself or engages. Equivalent to the object existing as cognitively taklen. | 'jug-yul | |
| Betrachtung, fehlerhafte | consideration, incorrect | See: paying attention in a discordant manner. | ||
| Bewusstsein | consciousness | A class of ways of being aware of something that cognizes merely the essential nature of its object, such as its being a sight, a sound, a mental object, etc. Consciousness may be either sensory or mental, and there are either six or eight types. The term has nothing to do with the Western concept of conscious versus unconscious. | rnam-shes | vijnana |
| Bewusstsein, alles umfassendes grundlegendes | consciousness, all-encompassing foundation | See: all-encompassing foundation consciousness. | ||
| Bewusstsein, geistiges | consciousness, mental | See: mental consciousness. | ||
| Bewusstsein, grundlegendes | consciousness, foundation | See: all-encompassing foundation consciousness. | ||
| Bewusstsein, Primär- | consciousness, primary | See: primary consciousness. | ||
| Bewusstsein, spezifisches | consciousness, specific | See: specific consciousness. | ||
| Bewusstseinsaggregat | aggregate of consciousness | See: aggregate of primary consciousnesses. | ||
| Bezeichnen, geistiges / Zuschreiben, geistiges/ Zuschreibung | labeling, mental | See: mental labeling. | ||
| Bezugsobjekt der Bezeichnung | referent object | The validly knowable phenomena that the names and concepts for them, imputed on a basis for labeling, refer to. | btags-chos | |
| Bhagavan. Der | Bhagavan | See: Vanquishing Master Surpassing All. | ||
| Bhumi-Geist | bhumi-mind | A level of mind of an arya bodhisattva with either a seeing or an accustoming pathway mind. Some translators render the term as "bodhisattva stage" or simply as "stage" or "ground." | sa | bhumi |
| bindende Faktoren, vier | binding factors, four | See: four binding factors. | ||
| bindende Praktik | bonding practice | A type of behavior or a state of mind, which, when practiced, maintains a close connection with either a certain tantra or a certain spiritual master. Also called: closely bonding practice, close bond. | dam-tshig | samaya |
| bindende Substanzen | bonding substances | Substances, such as alcohol and meat, purified, transformed, and consecrated during a tantra ritual and offered to a Buddha-figure in order to maintain a close bond (close connection) with that figure, as one has promised to do. | dam-rdzas | |
| bloß / lediglich | mere | Only this, without anything more. | tsam | |
| Blöße | bareness | See: bare absence. | ||
| Blöße / "Nacktheit oder Blöße" | starkness | The quality of something standing out sharply and dramatically in its appearance, without anything adorning it (like a rock mountain in a desert, totally devoid of any vegetation); the quality of being barren. | stong-pa | |
| bloße Abwesenheit | bare absence | The natural state of being without concepts or conceptual cognition, which is the natural state or nature of awareness (mind). Also translated as "bareness." Alternative Tibetan: stong-pa. | stong-sang | |
| bloße Abwesenheit | bare absence | See: bare absence, Tib. stong-sang. | stong-pa | |
| bloßer Gleichmut | mere equanimity | An equal attitude toward everyone that is devoid of attachment to loved ones, repulsion from enemies, and indifference toward strangers, developed in common in both Hinayana and Mahayana. | btang-snyoms tsam | |
| bloßes Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung | mere taking of safe direction | Synonymous with "causal taking of safe direction." | skyab-'gro tsam-pa-ba | |
| bloße Wahrnehmung | bare cognition | Cognition of a cognitive object without that cognition being through the medium of a concept, universal, or category. | mngon-sum | pratyaksha |
| Bodhi | bodhi | See: purified state. | ||
| Bodhichitta | bodhichitta | Usually used in the meaning of relative bodhichitta: A mind or heart focused first on the benefit of all limited beings and then on one's own individual not-yet-happening enlightenment, validly imputable on the basis of the Buddha-nature factors of one's mental continuum, with the intention to attain that enlightenment and to benefit others by means of that attainment. Alternative Tibetan: byang-sems. | byang-chub-gyi sems | bodhicitta |
| Bodhichitta, anstrebendes | bodhichitta, aspiring | See: aspiring bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, ausübendes | bodhichitta, engaged | See: engaged bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, höchstes | bodhichitta, ultimate | See: deepest bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, konventionelles | bodhichitta, conventional | See: relative bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, müheloses | bodhichitta, unlabored | See: unlabored bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, relatives | bodhichitta, relative | See: relative bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, tiefstes | bodhichitta, deepest | See: deepest bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta, versprochenes, anstrebendes | bodhichitta, pledged aspiring | See: pledged state of aspiring bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta-Ausrichtung | bodhichitta aim | The type of aim, goal, or focus that a bodhichitta mind has. Used as a synonym for bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhichitta-Motivation | bodhichitta motivation | The kind of motivation that bodhichitta is. Used as a synonym for bodhichitta. | ||
| Bodhisattva | bodhisattva | Someone who has developed unlabored bodhichitta. Alternative Tibetan: byang-sems. | byang-chub sems-dpa' | bodhisattva |
| Bodhisattva- Arhats eindeutiger Linie / Bodhisattva-Arhats der bestimmten Linie | bodhisattva arhats of definite lineage | Bodhisattvas who have been definite about their lineage as bodhisattvas from before attaining arhatship and thus who have attained arhatship as bodhisattvas and not as shravakas or pratyekabuddhas before developing bodhichitta. | rigs-nges-pa'i byang-sems | |
| Bodhisattva-Bhumis | bodhisattva bhumis | See: bhumi-mind. | ||
| Bodhisattva-Gelübde | bodhisattva vows | The set of restraints from committing certain actions (eighteen root downfalls and forty-six faulty actions) that, if committed, would be detrimental to achieving enlightenment and benefiting all others. | byang-sems sdom-pa | |
| Bön | Bon | The pre-Buddhist spiritual tradition of Tibet. | bon | |
| Bönpo | Bonpo | A follower of the Bon tradition. | bon-po | |
| Buddha | Buddha | A fully enlightened being; someone who has totally eliminated, forever, from his or her mental continuum both the emotional and cognitive obscurations. | sangs-rgyas | buddha |
| Buddhafeld | Buddha-field | A non-samsaric realm in which the circumstances are the most conducive for uninterrupted intense spiritual practice for gaining Buddhahood. It is a field in the sense of being a place in which one can grow or develop a tremendous amount of positive force (merit). It is synonymous with a pure-land. | sangs-rgyas-kyi zhing | Buddhakshetra |
| Buddhagestalt / Buddhaform | Buddha-figure | An emanated form of a Buddha, often with multiple faces, arms, and legs, which tantric practitioners visualize themselves as. This is done in order to create a close bond with the figure so as to be able to attain enlightenment, in the form of that figure, through such practice. | yi-dam | ishtadevata |
| Buddhajuwel, nominelles | Buddha Gem, nominal | See: nominal Buddha Gem. | ||
| Buddhajuwel, offensichtliches | Buddha Gem, apparent | See: apparent Buddha Gem. | ||
| Buddhajuwel, tiefstes | Buddha Gem, deepest | See: deepest Buddha Gem. | ||
| Buddhakörper | Buddha-Body | See: Corpus of a Buddha. | ||
| Buddhakörper, drei | Buddha-Bodies, Three | See: Three Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Buddhakörper, fünf | Buddha-Bodies, Five | See: Five Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Buddhakörper, vier | Buddha-Bodies, Four | See: Four Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Buddhakörper, zwei | Buddha-Bodies, Two | See: Two Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| Buddhanatur | Buddha-nature | Literally: Buddha caste-trait, Buddha family-trait. A factor imputable on the stained mind of a limited being (sentient being) that transforms into or allows for the attainment of enlightenment. | sangs-rgyas-kyi rigs | |
| Buddhismus-Professor | Buddhism professor | A teacher, either lay or monastic, Western or Asian, who imparts information about Buddhism gained from scriptural knowledge and/or scholarly research. |