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Deutsches Glossar Buddhistischer Fachbegriffe
Dieses Glossar enthält bislang nur einen Teil der Fachbegriffe, die auf unserer Webseite verwendet werden. Mit weiterem Fortschreiten der Arbeit am Glossar werden wir weitere Begriffe hinzugefügen. Die Definitionen liegen bislang noch nicht in der deutschen Übersetzung vor, wir haben daher in diese Fassung des Glossars die englischen Definitionen aufgenommen.
Wählen Sie einen der folgenden Buchstaben. Es werden dann alle Glossareinträge mit diesem Anfangsbuchstaben angezeigt:
A Ä B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T Ü U V W Y Z alles
| Deutsch | Englisch | Definition (Teilweise Englisch) | Tibetisch / Sanskrit / Pali |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ebene / Sphäre | plane | See: three planes of samsaric existence | Tib.: khams |
| Ebene der ätherischen Formen | plane of ethereal forms | Samsaric rebirth states in which the limited beings have desire for subtle forms of physical phenomena. Usually translated by others as "form realm." | Tib.: gzugs-khams Skt.: rupadhatu |
| Ebene der Basis | basis level | Die Ebene der Basis ist die Ebene von etwas, wie beispielsweise der Buddhanatur, die ganz im Allgemeinen auftritt, unabhängig davon, ob man eine Errungenschaft auf dem buddhistischen spirituellen Weg erreicht hat oder nicht. | Tib.: gzhi |
| Ebene der Basis | level, basis | See: basis level | |
| Ebene der formlosen Wesen | plane of formless beings | Samsaric rebirth states in which the limited beings lack any gross body. Usually translated by others as "formless realm." | Tib.: gzugs-med khams Skt.: arupadhatu |
| Ebene des Ergebnisses | level, resultant | The level of a fully enlightened Buddha, attained as the result of Mahayana practice. | Tib.: 'bras-bu |
| Ebene des Pfades | level, pathway | See: pathway level | |
| Ebene des Pfades | pathway level | In the context of basis, pathway, and resultant levels of something being specified, the level of it in the context of someone engaged in the practices for attaining enlightenment. In some usages, the level of a Mahayana arya with a seeing or accustoming pathway mind. | Tib.: lam Skt.: marga |
| Ebene des Sinnesbegehrens | plane of sensory desires | Samsaric rebirth states in which the limited beings have desire for sensory objects. Usually translated by others as "desire realm." | Tib.: 'dod-khams Skt.: kamadhatu |
| Edle, der | noble one | See: arya | |
| Ehrlichkeit | sincerity | Sincerity has two factors included in it: (1) lack of hypocrisy (g.yo-med) – not hiding our own faults, (2) lack of pretension (sgyu-med) – not pretending to have qualities that we do not have. | Tib.: bsam-pa |
| Eifersucht | jealousy | A disturbing emotion that focuses on other peoples' accomplishments – such as their good qualities, possessions, or success – and is the inability to bear their accomplishments, due to excessive attachment to one's own gain or to the respect one receives. Also translated as "envy." | Tib.: phrag-dog Skt.: irshya |
| eigene Identitäten behaupten | asserting one's identity | The fourth of the four "obtainers" that constitute the ninth link of dependent arising. Equivalent to a deluded outlook toward a transitory network. | Tib.: bdag-tu smra-ba |
| eigenes Angesicht/Anlitz | own face | The manner of existence and good qualities of pure awareness (rig-pa) as can be cognized by reflexive deep awareness. | Tib.: rang-ngo |
| Eigenschaften, andauernde | traits, abiding | See: naturally abiding family-traits | |
| Eigenschaften, gute | qualities, good | See: good qualities | |
| Eigenschaften, sich entwickelnde | traits, evolving | See: evolving family-traits | |
| eigenständig erkennbar | self-sufficiently knowable | A validly knowable phenomenon that, when actually cognized, does not rely on actual cognition of or by something else, for instance actual cognition of the object's basis for labeling. | Tib.: rang-rkya thub-pa'i rdzas-yod |
| eigentliche Natur der Realität | very nature of reality | A synonym for voidness (emptiness). Some translators render the term as "thusness." | Tib.: de-kho-na-nyid Skt.: tattvam |
| einfache Wahrnehmung | straightforward cognition | Nach Gelug Prasangika, die Wahrnehmung eines Objektes, die, ohne dass man sich auf eine schlussfolgernde Argumentationskette verlassen muss, im ihr unmittelbar vorhergehenden Augenblick entsteht. Die einfache (nackte / bloße) Wahrnehmung kann entweder konzeptuell oder nichtkonzeptuell sein. | Tib.: mngon-sum Skt.: pratyaksha |
| Einfluss, erleuchtender | influence, enlightening | See: enlightening influence | |
| Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung, besonderes | taking of safe direction, special | See: special taking of safe direction | |
| Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung, bloßes | taking of safe direction, mere | See: mere taking of safe direction | |
| Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung, resultierendes | taking of safe direction, resultant | See: resultant taking of safe direction | |
| Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung, ursächliches | taking of safe direction, causal | See: causal taking of safe direction | |
| Einsicht | insight | A nontechnical term for an understanding of a deeper level of meaning of something that one did not understand so deeply before or not at all before. | |
| Einstellung, nominell störende | attitude, nominal disturbing | See: nominal disturbing attitude | |
| Emanation, wundersame | emanation, miraculous | See: miraculous emanations | |
| Emotion, störende | emotion, disturbing | See: disturbing emotion or attitude | |
| emotionale Schleier | emotional obscurations | Fleeting stains that temporarily "cover" or accompany mental activity (more precisely, clear light mental activity), thereby preventing the mental activity from cognizing phenomena without accompanying disturbing emotions or attitudes. They include the disturbing emotions and attitudes, as well as their tendencies (seeds), and prevent the attainment of liberation from samsara, Also translated as "obscurations that are the disturbing emotions and attitudes"and "obscurations preventing liberation." | Tib.: nyon-sgrib Skt.: kleshavarana |
| Empfängnis-Existenz | conception existence | The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being during which they experience conception. It lasts only one moment. Some translators render the term as "birth existence." | Tib.: skye-srid |
| Empfinden verschiedener Grade von Glücklichsein | feeling a level of happiness | One of the five ever-functioning subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors). The subsidiary awareness that accompanies each moment of sensory or mental cognition of a limited being before attaining liberation and with which that being experiences the ripenings of its own karma in the form of something within the spectrum of extreme unhappiness, through neutral, to extreme happiness. Also called "feeling." | Tib.: tshor-ba Skt.: vedana |
| Empfindung / Gefühl | feeling | See: feeling a level of happiness | |
| endgültige Lehre / eindeutige Lehre | definitive teaching | A passage in a sutra text that discusses the most profound view of voidness, and to which all other passages in all other sutra texts eventually lead or point. Such passages do not need to be explained as indicating anything more profound. | Tib.: nges-don Skt.: neyartha |
| Energie, karmische | energy, karmic | See: karmic energy | |
| Energiekanal, linker | energy-channel, left | See: left energy-channel | |
| Energiekanal, rechter | energy-channel, right | See: right energy-channel | |
| Energiekanal, zentraler | energy-channel, central | See: central energy-channel | |
| Energiewind | energy-wind | Also called: energy-wind breaths | Tib.: rlung Skt.: prana |
| Energiewind, subtiler | energy-wind, subtle | See: subtle energy-winds | |
| Energiewind-Atemzüge | energy-wind breaths | See: energy-wind | |
| eng bindende Praktik / enge Bindung | closely bonding practice | See: bonding practice | |
| enge Bindung | close bond | See: bonding practice | |
| Engstirnigkeit | closed-mindedness | Siehe: Naivität | |
| entfernte Linie | distant lineage | The lineage of a teaching that began with Buddha himself. | Tib.: ring-brgyud |
| enthüllende Berichte | revelatory accounts | One of the twelve scriptural categories. (1) Buddha's revelations of what has happened in the past or prophesies of what will occur in the future. (2) According to some explanations, scriptures of definitive meaning. | Tib.: lung-bstan-pa Skt.: vyakarana |
| Entität | entity | A truly existent "thing," either objective or metaphysical, that exists as a findable "thing" on its own, established as that "thing" by its own power from its own side. | |
| Entität, metaphysische | entity, metaphysical | See: metaphysical entities | |
| Entität, objektive | entity, objective | See: objective entities | |
| Entsagung | renunciation | (1) The definite determination to be free of samsara and to gain liberation, and with which one is willing to give up true suffering and true causes. Also translated as "determination to be free." (2) In Theravada, the mental factor to give up all attachment to worldly possessions, social status, and even one's body. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, it becomes a far-reaching attitude. | Tib.: nges-'byung Skt.: naishkramya |
| Entsagung, kurzlebige, hocherregte | renunciation, short-lived all-excited | See: short-lived all-excited renunciation | |
| entscheidende Erklärungen | decisive explications | Precise indications of the meaning of the works in The Basket of Sutras by specifying the individual and general definitions of things. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | Tib.: gtan-la phab-pa Skt.: upadesha |
| entscheidendes Gewahrsein | decisive awareness | See: ascertainment | |
| entscheidende Wahrnehmung | decisive cognition | See: ascertainment | |
| Entschlossenheit / Entschlusskraft | resolution | One of the ten far-reaching attitudes in the Theravada tradition. An attitude of determination with which a bodhisattva never abandons what he or she needs to do in order to benefit others. | Tib.: byin-rlabs Skt.: adhisthana |
| Entschluss, außergewöhnlicher | resolve, exceptional | See: exceptional resolve | |
| Entstehen, kognitives | arising, cognitive | See: cognitive arising | |
| Entstehenlassen | arise, making | See: making arise | |
| Entstehenlassen | giving rise to | See: making arise | |
| Entstehenlassen | making arise | The mental activity of appearance-making, which causes a cognitive appearance (mental hologram) to occur as an object of cognition in a moment of a mental continuum. Also translated as: "giving rise to." | |
| epische Darstellungen | epic presentations | Presentations of the vast and profound aspects of such topics as the six far-reaching attitudes (six perfections) and ten arya bodhisattva levels of bhumi-mind (ten bhumis) of The Basket of the Mahayana or Bodhisattva Sutras. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | Tib.: shin-tu rgyas-pa Skt.: vaipulya |
| erarbeitet | labored | A state of mind, such as bodhichitta, generated by working oneself up to it, with deliberate effort, through a series of steps, each of which entails a line of reasoning. | Tib.: rtsol-bcas |
| Ergebnis, gereiftes | result, ripened | See: ripened result | |
| erhöhtes Gewahrsein | heightened awareness | See: advanced awareness | |
| Erhöhung | elevation | See: inspiration | |
| Erkentnisse, drei | recognitions, three | See: three recognitions | |
| Erklärungen, entscheidende | explications, decisive | See: decisive explications | |
| erlangen / erreichen | attain | See: actualize | |
| erlangtes Nirvana / errungenes Nirvana | acquired nirvana | Erloschene Zustände der Erlösung aus allen samsarischen Leiden und ihren wahren Ursachen, die durch die Kraft der Meditation erlangt werden. | Tib.: thob-pa'i mya-ngan 'das |
| Erlaubnis, anschließende | permission, subsequent | See: subsequent attainment | |
| erläuternde Berichte | illustrative accounts | Teachings of Buddha given with examples for ease of comprehension by the listener. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | Tib.: rtogs-par brjod-pa Skt.: avadana |
| erleuchtender Einfluss | enlightening influence | The unceasing, unending, effortless activity of a Buddha, which helps bring all limited beings to higher rebirth, liberation, and enlightenment. Such activity does not require a Buddha actually doing anything: a Buddha's attainment itself exerts a positive influence on others to pacify disturbance, stimulate the growth of good qualities, bring disorder under control, and forcefully end any harm. Also translated as: "Buddha-activity." | Tib.: 'phrin-las Skt.: samudacara |
| erleuchtende Taten | enlightening deeds | According to Mahayana, a set of twelve actions or deeds in the life of a Buddha, with which a Buddha demonstrates to all limited beings the way to achieve enlightenment. | Tib.: mdzad-pa |
| Ermächtigung | empowerment | A tantric ritual that activates and empowers Buddha-nature factors to grow so that, through repeated, sustained tantric practice, they will eventually transform into the Three Corpuses (Bodies) of a Buddha. An empowerment also plants new seeds, or potentials, that will likewise grow in the same manner. The term is often translated as "initiation." | Tib.: dbang Skt.: abhishekha |
| Ermächtigung, geheime | empowerment, secret | See: secret empowerment | |
| Ermächtigung, vierte | empowerment, fourth | See: fourth empowerment | |
| Ermächtigung des tiefen unterscheidenden tiefen Gewahrseins | empowerment, discriminating deep awareness | See: discriminating deep awareness empowerment | |
| Ermächtigung des Vajra-tiefen Gewahrseins | empowerment, vajra deep awareness | See: vajra deep awareness empowerment | |
| Ermächtigung des Wortes | empowerment, word | See: word empowerment | |
| Errungenschaft, verwirklichte / Erlangung, verwirklichte | attainment, actual | See: actual attainment | |
| erscheinen | dawn | A verb used for the arising of a cognitive appearance on a mental continuum, in analogy with the sun rising at dawn, except that the cognitive appearance is not already existing somewhere hidden in the mind in some unconscious manner and then comes up to consciousness when it dawns. Also translated as "to arise." | Tib.: shar-ba |
| erscheinendes Objekt | appearing object | Das erscheinende Objekt ist ein geistiges Hologramm (geistige Darstellung) eines sich im Äußeren oder Inneren befindenden Objektes der Wahrnehmung, das durch die Wahrnehmung hervorgebracht wird. Das erscheinende Objekt ist gleichbedeutend mit dem kognitiv aufgenommenen Objekt. Manchmal wir dieser Fachbegriff synonym mit dem Begriff "geistiges Erscheinungsbild" verwendet, und zwar in dem Sinne, dass eine Wahrnehmung das "geistige Erscheinungsbild" seines ihm erscheinenden Objektes annimmt. | Tib.: snang-yul |
| Erscheinenlassen | appearance, giving rise to | See: appearance-making | |
| Erscheinenlassen | giving rise to appearances | See: appearance-making | |
| Erscheinung | appearance | Das geistige Hologramm (geistige Darstellung) eines sich im Äußeren oder Inneren befindenden Objektes der Wahrnehmung, das im Geist entsteht. | Tib.: snang-ba |
| Erscheinung, kognitive | appearance, cognitive | See: appearance | |
| Erscheinung, reflexive | appearance, reflexive | See: reflexive appearance | |
| Erscheinung, reine | appearance, pure | See: pure appearance | |
| Erscheinung, trügerische | appearance, deceptive | See: deceptive appearance | |
| Erscheinung, unreine | appearance, impure | See: impure appearance | |
| Erscheinungen hervorbringendes grundlegendes Rigpa | appearance-making basis rigpa | Reines Gewahrsein (rigpa) aus dem Blickwinkel seines Aspektes spontan Erscheinungen hervorzubringen. Synonym mit dem Fachbegriff: strahlendes Rigpa. | Tib.: gzhi-snang-gi rig-pa |
| Erscheinungen von nichtwahrer Existenz | appearances of non-true existence | Erscheinungen von nicht wahrer Existenz sind im Nyingma-System geistige Hologramme von Objekten der Wahrnehmung, die Objekte nicht so erscheinen lassen als seien sie wahrhaft als "dies" oder "das" existierende Dinge. Die Erscheinungen von nichtwahrer Existenz entstehen lediglich bei der sinnlichen und nichtkonzeptuellen geistigen Wahrnehmung auf. | Tib.: med-snang |
| Erscheinungsbild, geistiges | aspect, mental | See: mental aspect | |
| Erscheinungs-Hervorbringen, duales | appearance-making, dual | See: dualistic appearance-making | |
| Erscheinungs-hervorbringendes grundlegendes Rigpa | rigpa, appearance-making basis rigpa | See: appearance-making basis rigpa | |
| Erstarren der Erscheinung | appearance congealment | Auch übersetzt als: Erscheinung, weiße Erscheinung | Tib.: snang |
| Erzählungen, ethische | narratives, ethical | See: ethical narratives | |
| Erzählungen aus alter Zeit | ancient narratives | Stories from ancient times that Buddha told. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | Tib.: de-lta-bu byung-ba Skt.: itivrttika |
| Erzählungen aus alter Zeit | narratives, ancient | See: ancient narratives | |
| Erzeugungsstufe | generation stage | The first stage of anuttarayoga practice, during which one uses the powers of imagination to generate oneself in the form of a Buddha-figure and performs a sadhana. | Tib.: bskyed-rim |
| Erzeugung vor einem | front-generation | The part of a self-initiation in which one generates in front of oneself the supported and supporting mandalas from which one will receive the full empowerment. | Tib.: mdun-bskyed |
| essentielle Natur | essential nature | Die allgemeine Art von Phänomen, die eine Sache ist - beispielsweise ein Anblick, ein Klang und so weiter. [So ist beispielsweise die essentielle Natur des schönen Anblicks eines Sonnenuntergangs, der Anblick] | Tib.: ngo-bo |
| essentielle Natur, gleiche | essential nature, same | See: same essential nature | |
| Essenz-Mahamudra | essence mahamudra | A pathway of mahamudra practice concerning the nature of the mind in which specially qualified disciples receive the inspiration of the realizations all the lineage masters through receiving a vajra deep awareness empowerment and thereby achieve realization of mind-itself, equivalent to a seeing pathway mind. As "those for whom it happens all at once," they achieve enlightenment simultaneously with this realization. Also known as "the singular sufficient white panacea." | Tib.: snying-po'i phyag-chen |
| Essenz-Rigpa | essence rigpa | Essenz-Ripga ist das reine Gewahrsein vom Standpunkt her, dass es ursprünglich rein ist und als offener Raum dient, in dem das strahlende Rigpa fungiert. | Tib.: ngo-bo'i rig-pa |
| ethische Erzählungen | ethical narratives | Rules, codified by Buddha for those who are ordained, concerning which actions constitute a breach of their vows. One of the twelve scriptural categories. | Tib.: gleng-bzhi Skt.: nidana |
| ethische Selbstdisziplin | ethical self-discipline | (1) In Theravada, the subsidiary awareness (mental factor) to avoid doing any harm to others, by keeping one's vows, free from anger or ill-will even if others harm one. (2) In Mahayana, the mental urge to safeguard the actions of one's body, speech, and mind, which comes from having turned one's mind away from any wish to cause harm to others and from the disturbing and destructive mental factors that had motivated one to harm others. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, it becomes a far-reaching attitude. | Tib.: tshul-khrims Skt.: shila |
| ethisch neutral | ethically neutral | See: unspecified phenomenon | |
| ethisch nicht näher bezeichnet | ethically unspecified | See: unspecified phenomenon | |
| etwas, das die wirkliche Natur besitzt | something possessing the actual nature | See: property-possessor | |
| Existenz, die durch Selbstnatur begründet ist | existence established by self-nature | Existence of something established or proven by the fact that the referent object of the imputation of it can be found upon searching for it. For example, the existence of a table established or proven by the fact that when one searches for the object that the mental label "table" refers to, one can find the object, a "table." Also translated as "self-established existence," it is often translated by others as "inherent existence." | Tib.: rang-bzhin-gyis grub-pa |
| Existenz, inhärente | existence, inherent | See: existence established by self-nature | |
| Existenz, wahre | existence, true | See: true existence | |
| Existenzbereiche, sechs | realms of existence, six | See: six realms of existence | |
| Existenz vor dem Tode | predeath existence | The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being starting from the moment immediately after conception until the moment immediately before death. | Tib.: sngon-dus-kyi srid-pa |
| Existierende | existents | Validly knowable phenomena. | Tib.: yod-pa |
| existierendes Phänomen | existent phenomenon | See: existents | |
| explizites Begreifen | explicit apprehension | In the Gelug system, apprehension of a cognitive object in which a cognitive appearance (mental hologram) of the involved object of the cognition arises. Compare: implicit apprehension. | Tib.: dngos-su rtogs-pa |
| explizite Wahrnehmung | explicit cognition | See: explicit apprehension | |
| explizit hinweisende Bedeutung | explicit suggestive meaning | One of the six alternative meanings. When an expression in a root tantra text has two dissimilar meanings, the literal, evident, or face value meaning of the expression. It suggests or leads one on to the second meaning (the implicit suggested meaning), which is dissimilar to what is actually said on face value. | Tib.: drang-don Skt.: nityartha |
| extreme Auffassung | extreme outlook | The disturbing attitude that regards one's five samsara-perpetuating aggregates in either an eternalist or nihilistic way. (1) According to Vasubandhu, an extreme outlook that views the samsara-producing aggregate factors themselves as either lasting eternally or ending totally at death, with no continuity in future lives. (2) According to Tsongkhapa, a disturbing, deluded discriminating awareness that focuses on the conventional "me" and considers it either as having a truly existent identity permanently or as not having continuity in future lives. | Tib.: mthar-'dzin-pa'i lta-ba Skt.: antagrahadrshti |
| extrem kraftvoll | forceful | Using extremely strong actions or methods, such as yelling at someone or hitting someone, in order to make the person stop doing something harmful. Forceful methods are used only when all other methods to make the person stop have failed or are impossible in the situation. Some translators render the term as "wrathful," but this has an inappropriate connotation, since "wrathful," in English, is used for the Old Testament God, who, when people disobey Him, gets angry and punishes them. | Tib.: drag-po |
| extrem verschleiertes Phänomen | extremely obscure phenomenon | A validly knowable phenomenon that can be apprehended through authoritative texts or speech, such as the enlightening words of the Buddha, or that can be apprehended through the words of persons who are valid sources of information. | Tib.: shin-tu lkog-gyur |