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Deutsches Glossar Buddhistischer Fachbegriffe
Dieses Glossar enthält bislang nur einen Teil der Fachbegriffe, die auf unserer Webseite verwendet werden. Mit weiterem Fortschreiten der Arbeit am Glossar werden wir weitere Begriffe hinzugefügen. Die Definitionen liegen bislang noch nicht in der deutschen Übersetzung vor, wir haben daher in diese Fassung des Glossars die englischen Definitionen aufgenommen.
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A Ä B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T Ü U V W Y Z alles
| Deutsch | Englisch | Definition (Englisch) | Tibetisch | Sanskrit (Pali) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nachfolgende Erlangung | subsequent attainment | A state of mind having the joined pair of shamatha and vipashyana, and in which absorbed concentration is focused single-pointedly on a voidness that is like an illusion. It is attained only upon rising from total absorption on space-like voidness and may occur either while still in meditation or after arising from meditation. It may be either conceptual or nonconceptual. Sometimes translated as "subsequent realization." Other translators often render the term as "post-meditation." | rjes-thob | |
| nachfolgende Phase des Erlangens | attainment, subsequent | See: subsequent attainment. | ||
| nachfolgende Verwirklichung | subsequent realization | See: subsequent attainment. | ||
| nachfolgende Wahrnehmung | subsequent cognition | One of the seven ways of knowing something: a nonfraudulent, but not fresh, cognition of an object. It is the second phase of a valid bare cognition or inferential cognition, and is asserted only by the Gelug Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Svatantrika tenet systems. | bcad-shes | |
| nahe Linie | near lineage | The lineage of a teaching that did not begin with Buddha himself, but began with an Indian or Tibetan master, usually through a pure vision. | nye-brgyud | |
| Naivität | naivety | A subcategory of unawareness. The unawareness of behavioral cause and effect or of reality that accompanies only destructive states of mind or behavior. One of the three poisonous emotions. | gti-mug | moha |
| Natur, essentielle | nature, essential | See: essential nature. | ||
| Natur, funktionelle | nature, functional | See: functional nature. | ||
| Natur, tatsächliche | nature, actual | See: actual nature. | ||
| Natur-Körper | Nature Body | See: Corpus of Essential Nature. | ||
| natürlich andauernde Familieneigenschaften | naturally abiding family-traits | (1) In the Chittamatra system, the seeds that, without beginning, are imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being and which serve as factors allowing that being to attain one of the three purified states. (2) In the Madhyamaka systems, the voidnesses imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being. | rang-bzhin gnas-rigs | |
| natürlicherweise destruktive unsägliche Handlung | naturally destructive unspeakable action | See: naturally unspeakable action. | ||
| natürlicherweise unsägliche Handlungen | naturally unspeakable action | A negative action which, because it is destructive by nature, ripens into the experience of suffering by anyone who commits it. | rang-bzhin-gyi kha-na ma-tho-ba | |
| natürliches Nirvana | natural nirvana | Equivalent to voidness (emptiness), the natural state of all phenomena being released from impossible ways of existing. Asserted only by the Mahayana tenet systems. | rang-bzhin-gyi mya-ngan 'das | |
| natürliche Untrennbarkeit | natural inseparability | The relationship between two items, in which when one is the case or is occurring, then automatically so is the other. | rang-bzhin dbyer-med | |
| natürlich untrennbare Aspekte | naturally inseparable aspects | See: natural inseparability. | ||
| Nebengelübde des Bodhisattvas | secondary bodhisattva vows | See: faulty actions. | ||
| Nebengewahrsein | subsidiary awareness | A way of cognizing an object that accompanies a primary consciousness, sharing five things in common with that consciousness, and which qualifies or helps with the cognition of the object. Also called "mental factor." | sems-byung | caitika |
| negative karmische Kraft | negative karmic force | The type of karmic force associated with a destructive action and which ripens intermittently into unhappiness and the suffering of problems and pain. Also called: "negative karmic potential." Some translators render it as "sin." See: karmic force. | sdig-pa | papa |
| negative Kraft | negative force | See: negative karmic force. | ||
| negatives Potenzial | negative potential | See: negative karmic force. | ||
| negierend erkanntes Phänomen / durch Negierung erkanntes Phänomen | negatingly known phenomenon | See: negation phenomenon. | ||
| Negierung | negation | See: negation phenomenon. | ||
| Negierung | nullification | See: negation phenomenon. | ||
| Negierungs-Phänomen | negation phenomenon | An item, or a truth about an item, defined in terms of the exclusion of something else, in which an object to be negated is explicitly precluded by the conceptual cognition that cognizes the phenomenon. Also translated as: "negation," "nullification," "refutation." | dgag-pa | |
| Negierungs-Phänomen, implizierendes | negation phenomenon, implicative | See: implicative negation phenomenon. | ||
| Negierungs-Phänomen, nichtimplizierendes | negation phenomenon, nonimplicative | See: nonimplicative negation phenomenon. | ||
| Netzwerk des tiefen Gewahrseins | network of deep awareness | A constructive noncongruent affecting variable imputable on the moments of conceptual or nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths or of voidness, on the mental continuum of a limited being, when followed by a bodhichitta dedication, and which functions as the obtaining cause for the Dharmakaya of a Buddha. Also called: "bountiful store of deep awareness." Some translators render the term as "collection of wisdom" or "collection of insight." | ye-shes-kyi tshogs | jnanasambhara |
| Netzwerk positiver Kraft | network of positive force | A constructive noncongruent affecting variable imputable on the positive force on the mental continuum of a limited being, when dedicated with bodhichitta, and which functions as the obtaining cause for the Form Corpus of a Buddha. Also called: "bountiful store of positive force." Some translators render the term as "collection of merit." | bsod-nams-kyi tshogs | punyasambhara |
| neutrales Gefühl / neutrale Empfindung | neutral feeling | That feeling which, when it arises, one neither wants to be parted from it, nor, when it stops, one wishes to meet it again. | btang-snyoms | upeksha |
| Ngöndro | ngondro | See: preliminary practices | ||
| Nicht (mit Worten) erfassbares letztendliches Phänomen | nondenumerable ultimate phenomenon | Voidnesses that are validly cognized nonconceptually. They are “nondenumerable” in the sense that they cannot be counted among what appears to minds validly cognizing phenomena through mentally labeling them with words and concepts, thus they are voidnesses that are "beyond words and beyond concepts." | rnam-grangs ma-yin-pa'I don-dam | |
| Nicht-Anhaftung | nonattachment | See: detachment. | ||
| Nicht-Ärger | non-anger | See: imperturbability | ||
| nichtaufregend | nonupsetting | A way of being aware of something that shares five congruent features with an arya's total absorption on voidness. | zang-zing med-pa | |
| nichtbeinflusstes Phänomen | unaffected phenomenon | A phenomenon that is not affected by causes or conditions. A synonym for static phenomenon. Often rendered by other translators as "unconditioned phenomenon." | 'dus ma-byas | asamskrtadharma |
| nichtbestätigende Negierung | nonaffirming negation | See: nonimplicative negation phenomenon. | ||
| nicht-budhhistischer Extremist | non-Buddhist extremist | A follower of a non-Buddhist Indian school of philosophy that asserts either an eternalist position of an unchanging static soul (atman) of a person or a nihilist position that denies the continuity of a person after death and/or the workings of karmic cause and effect. | mu-stegs-pa | tirthika |
| nichtdual | nondual | (1) In Gelug Prasangika, the absence (the voidness) of a manner of existence that does not correspond to the actual manner in which everything exists. (2) In non-Gelug Madhyamaka, within a cognition, the absence (the voidness) of a consciousness and its object as each having truly established existence, independently of each other. (3) In Chittamatra, within a cognition, the absence (the voidness) of a consciousness and its object as deriving from different natal sources. | gnyis-med | |
| nichtduales Tantra | nondual tantra | A division of anuttarayoga tantra, specified only in the non-Gelug schools, in which there is equal emphasis on practices for generating the physical bodies of a Buddha and practices for generating the mind of a Buddha. | gnyis-med rgyud | |
| Nichtexistierende | nonexistents | Things that cannot be validly known. | med-pa | |
| nicht existierendes Phänomen | nonexistent phenomenon | See: nonexistents. | ||
| nichtimplizierendes Negierungs-Phänomen | nonimplicative negation phenomenon | An exclusion of something else in which, after the sounds of the words that exclude the object to be negated have negated that object, they do not leave behind in their wake, explicitly or implicitly, something else. Some translators render the term as a "nonaffirming negation." | med-dgag | |
| nichtkongruent | noncongruent | The relationship between nonstatic components of a cognition, in which two or more of them do not share five things in common. See: five congruent features. See also: noncongruent affecting variables. | mtshungs-ldan med-pa | |
| nichtkongruente beeinflussende Variable | noncongruent affecting variable | One of the three types of nonstatic phenomena -- those nonstatic phenomena that do not share five things in common with the primary consciousness and subsidiary awarenesses of the cognition in which they occur, and which are neither forms of physical phenomena nor ways of being aware of something. Sometimes translated as "nonstatic abstractions." See: five congruent features. | ldan-min 'du-byed | |
| Nichtkonzeptualität | nonconceptuailty | A state of mind that cognizes an object without the filter of a concept, idea, category, or universal. | ||
| nichtkonzeptuelle Wahrnehmung | nonconceptual cognition | Cognition of an object, without that cognition being through the medium of a universal, a category, or a mental label. | rtog-med shes-pa | |
| nichtkünstlich | unartificial | See: uncontrived. | ||
| nichtkünstlich | uncontrived | A state of mind not mentally constructed by conceptual thought. Also translated as "unartificial." Alternative Tibetan: bcos-ma ma-yin-pa. | bcos-med | |
| nichtkünstlich | uncontrived | See: uncontrived, Tib. bcos-ma. | bcos-ma ma-yin-pa | |
| Nicht-Länger-Stattfinden | no-longer-happening | The past occurrence of something. According to Gelug Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, a static nonimplicative negation phenomenon; according to Gelug Prasangika, a nonstatic implicative negation phenomenon. Also translated as "passed-happening." | 'das-pa | |
| nichtoffenbarende Form | nonrevealing form | A subtle form of physical phenomenon, asserted only by the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika schools, that is caused by a strong constructive or destructive motivation, but which does not show ("reveal") that motivation. Such a phenomenon is part of a mental continuum, but is not felt on that continuum; it does not degenerate from moment to moment; it can only be an object of mental cognition; and it must be either constructive or destructive. Examples are vows and one aspect of karmic impulses. | rnam-par rig-byed ma-yin-pa'i gzugs | avijnaptirupa |
| nichtstatisch | nonstatic | See: nonstatic phenomena. | ||
| nichtstatische Abstraktion | nonstatic abstraction | See: noncongruent affecting variable. | ||
| nichtstatisches Phänomen | nonstatic phenomenon | Phenomena that are affected and supported by causes and circumstances and, consequently, change from moment to moment, and which produce effects. Their streams of continuity may have a beginning and an end, a beginning and no end, no beginning but an end, or no beginning and no end. Some translators render the term as "impermanent phenomena." They include forms of physical phenomena, ways of being aware of something, and noncongruent affecting variables, which are neither of the two. | mi-rtag-pa | anitya |
| Nichtstatischsein | nonstaticness | The noncongruent affecting variable of changing from moment to moment, under the influence of causes and circumstances. Sometimes translated as "impermanence." | mi-rtag-pa | anitya |
| nichttrügerisch / untrügerisch | nonfallacious | Not incorrect. | mi-bslu-ba | |
| nichttugendhaft | nonvirtuous | See: destructive. | ||
| nicht vermischt mit Verwirrung | unmixed with confusion | See: untainted. | ||
| nichtverweilendes Nirvana | nirvana, nonabiding | See: nonabiding nirvana. | ||
| nichtverweilendes Nirvana | nonabiding nirvana | (1) According to the Hinayana tenet systems, the static unchanging state of full enlightenment attained by a Buddha and lasting only so long as he is alive. In this state, a Buddha does not abide in either the extreme of continued samsaric suffering or in the extreme of the passivity of a Hinayana arhat's nirvana without residue. (2) According to the Mahayana tenet systems, including Gelug Prasangika, the static unchanging state of full enlightenment attained by a Buddha and lasting forever, in which a Buddha does not abide in either the extreme of continued samsaric suffering or in the extreme of the passivity of a Hinayana arhat's nirvana without residue. | mi-gnas-pa'i mya-ngan 'das | apratisthita-nirvana |
| nichtwirksames Phänomen / unwirksames Phänomen | nonfunctional phenomenon | (1) An validly knowable, existent object that does not perform a function -- in other words, it does not produce a result -- namely, a static phenomenon. (2) A nonexistent object, such as an impossible way of existing. | dngos-med | |
| nichtzugeschrieben | unimputed | See: true unimputed existence. | ||
| Nirmanakaya | Nirmanakaya | See: Corpus of Emanations | ||
| Nirvana | nirvana | An extinguished state of release -- either an acquired one, in which all samsaric sufferings and their causes have been removed, or a naturally occurring one, in which all stains of impossible existence have always been removed. The Tibetan term means, literally, "a state beyond sorrow." | mya-ngan-'das | nirvana (Pali: nibbana) |
| Nirvana, erlangtes | nirvana, acquired | See: acquired nirvana. | ||
| Nirvana, natürliches | nirvana, natural | See: natural nirvana. | ||
| Nirvana mit Überrest | nirvana with residue | (1) According to the Hinayana tenet systems, the state of nirvana that a shravaka or pratyekabuddha arhat, or a Buddha, attains during his lifetime and which lasts only so long as the person is alive. This is so called because the person still has left a residue of tainted aggregates. (2) According to the Mahayana tenet systems other than Gelug Prasangika, the same as asserted by the Hinayana systems, but in reference only to shravaka and pratyekabuddha arhats. (3) According to Gelug Prasangika, in reference to shravaka and pratyekabuddha arhats, their state either during subsequent attainment (post-meditation) periods, when meditating on something other than voidness, or when not meditating at all. In reference to Buddhas, their Corpuses of Form. | lhag-bcas-kyi mya-ngan 'das | sopadhishesha-nirvana (Pali: saupadi-sesa-nibbana, kilesa- parinibbana) |
| Nirvana ohne Überrest | nirvana without residue | (1) According to the Hinayana tenet systems, the state of nirvana that shravaka or pratyekabuddha arhats, or a Buddha, attains immediately upon their death from the lifetime in which they attain nirvana with residue. No longer having a residue of tainted aggregates left, their mental continuum extinguishes, like a spent candle. (2) According to the Mahayana tenet systems other than Gelug Prasangika, the state that shravaka or pratyekabuddha arhats attain immediately upon their death from the lifetime in which they attain nirvana with residue. Although they no longer have a residue of tainted aggregates left, their mental continuums now go on in a purified form. (3) According to Gelug Prasangika, in reference to shravaka and pratyekabuddha arhats, their state during total absorption on voidness, when there is no appearance-making of truly established existence. H1579H1571H1563H1553H1546In reference to Buddhas, their Deep Awareness Dharmakayas. | lhag-med mya-ngan 'das, lhag-med-pa'i mya-ngan-'das | nirupadhishesha-nirvana (Pali: anpadi-sesa-nibbana, khandha- parinibbana) |
| Noch-nicht-Stattfinden | not-yet-happening | The future occurrence of something. According to Gelug Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, a static nonimplicative negation phenomenon; according to Gelug Prasangika, a nonstatic implicative negation phenomenon. | ma-'ong-pa | |
| nominelles Buddhajuwel / Buddhajuwel dem Namen nach | nominal Buddha Gem | A painting or statue of a Buddha, representing a Buddha that is an actual source of safe direction and serving as a basis for showing respect to an actual Buddha Gem. | brdar-btags-pa'i sangs-rgyas dkon-mchog | |
| nominelles Darmajuwel / Dharmajuwel dem Namen nach | nominal Dharma Gem | Printed Dharma texts, representing the Dharma that is an actual source of safe direction and serving as a basis for showing respect to the actual Dharma Gem. | brdar-btags-pa'i chos dkon-mchog | |
| nominelles Juwel / Juwel dem Namen nach | nominal gem | Representations of the Three Rare and Supreme Gems, which themselves are not actual sources of safe direction, but which serve as a basis for showing respect to them. | brdar-btags-pa'i dkon-mchog | |
| nominelles Sanghajuwel | nominal Sangha Gem | Four or more people from any of the four groups of the monastic sangha (full or novice monks or nuns), representing the Sangha that is an actual source of safe direction and serving as a basis for showing respect to the actual Sangha Gem. | brdar-btags-pa'i dge-'dun dkon-mchog | |
| normales Gewahrsein | normal awareness | In the Karma Kagyu system, a synonym for clear light mind, which is "normal" in the sense that it is the primordial, natural state that has always been the case. | tha-mal-gyi shes-pa | |
| Nur-Geist | mind-only | See: Chittamatra. | ||
| Nyingma | Nyingma | The Old Translation Period tradition of Tibetan Buddhism deriving from Guru Rinpoche, Padmasambhava. | rNying-ma |