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Deutsches Glossar Buddhistischer Fachbegriffe
Dieses Glossar enthält bislang nur einen Teil der Fachbegriffe, die auf unserer Webseite verwendet werden. Mit weiterem Fortschreiten der Arbeit am Glossar werden wir weitere Begriffe hinzugefügen. Die Definitionen liegen bislang noch nicht in der deutschen Übersetzung vor, wir haben daher in diese Fassung des Glossars die englischen Definitionen aufgenommen.
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A Ä B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T Ü U V W Y Z alles
| Deutsch | Englisch | Definition (Englisch) | Tibetisch | Sanskrit (Pali) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sadhana | sadhana | Literally, a method of actualization, namely a meditation method for actualizing oneself as a Buddha-figure for which one has received empowerment. Performing a sadhana entails recitation of a ritual meditation text describing the self-visualization process and a complex series of further practices based on that self-generation, such as reciting mantras and making offerings. Synonymous with "self-generation" and "antecedent practice for realization." | sgrub-thabs | sadhana |
| Samadhi | samadhi | See: absorbed concentration. | ||
| Sambhogakaya | Sambhogakaya | See: Corpus of Full Use. | ||
| Sammelsynthese | collection synthesis | See: collection mental synthesis. | ||
| Sammlungsallgemeines | collection universal | See: collection mental synthesis. | ||
| Samsara | samsara | Uncontrollably recurring rebirth under the power of disturbing emotions and attitudes and of karma. Some translators render it as "cyclic existence." | 'khor-ba | samsara |
| Sangha | Sangha | The literal meaning of the Sanskrit term is a "community"; the literal meaning of the Tibetan translation is "those intent on a constructive goal." Four or more people from any of the four groups of the monastic community: full or novice monks or nuns - the four need not necessarily be all from one group or one from each group - and who have unlabored renunciation and are intent on ridding themselves of disturbing emotions and attitudes and thus attaining liberation. | dge-'dun | sangha |
| Sanghajuwel, nominelles | Sangha Gem, nominal | See: nominal Sangha Gem. | ||
| Sanghajuwel, offensichtliches | Sangha Gem, apparent | See: apparent Sangha Gem. | ||
| Sanghajuwel, tiefstes | Sangha Gem, deepest | See: deepest Sangha Gem. | ||
| Sarma-Schulen | Sarma | See: New Translation. | gSar-ma | |
| Sautrantika | Sautrantika | A Hinayana school of Indian Buddhism that asserts the true existence of both reflexive awareness and external phenomena; a subdivision of the Sarvastivada school of Hinayana. One of the four Indian Buddhist tenet systems studied by all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. | mDo-sde-pa | |
| schädlich / destruktiv | destructive | States of mind, or physical, verbal, or mental actions motivated by them, which ripen into unhappiness or the suffering of problems or pain, to be experienced by the person on whose mental continuum they occur. Since the term carries no connotation of moral judgment, the translation "nonvirtuous" is misleading for this term. | mi-dge-ba | akushala |
| Schatztext | treasure text | Texts planted by Indian or Tibetan masters, either in a physical location, such as inside a pillar of a temple, or in the minds of disciples and hidden there for safekeeping during times that were not conducive for their practice. Often referred to by the transliterated Tibetan term "terma." | gter-ma | |
| schlafende Faktoren | dormant factor | Literally, something that is “asleep to the taste of the mind.” Affecting variables, associated with mental continuums, which are “lying down” and not rushing to manifest mind (consciousness). They include subliminal awareness, tendencies, and habits. | bag-la nyal | |
| Schleier | obscuration | A fleeting stain that temporarily "covers" or accompanies mental activity (more precisely, clear light mental activity), thereby preventing the mental activity from cognizing objects without suffering or other limitations. Some translators render the term as "obstacle." | sgrib | avarana |
| Schleier, die die Allwissenheit verhindern | obscurations preventing omniscience | See: cognitive obscurations. | ||
| Schleier, die die Befreiung verhindern | obscurations preventing liberation | See: emotional obscurations. | ||
| Schleier, emotionale | obscurations, emotional | See: emotional obscurations. | ||
| Schleier, fünf | obscurations, five | See: five obscurations. | ||
| Schleier des Nicht-Wissens | obscurations of not knowing | Mental blocks that come from not knowing the Dharma in general or specifically not knowing about the emotional and cognitive obscurations. These mental blocks prevent the attainment of liberation and enlightenment. | mi-shes sgrib | |
| Schleier in Form von störenden Emotionen und Geisteshaltungen | obscurations that are the disturbing emotions and attitudes | See: emotional obscurations. | ||
| Schleier über alles, was man kennen kann | obscurations about all knowables | See: cognitive obscurations. | ||
| Schlüsselpunkte | key points | The most important main points of a topic. | gnad | |
| schlussfolgernde Wahrnehmung | inferential cognition | A valid conceptual way of cognizing an obscure object through reliance on a correct line of reasoning as its basis. | rjes-dpag | anumana |
| Schwanken, unentschlossenes | wavering, indecisive | See: indecisive wavering. | ||
| schwerwiegende Handlungen | thick actions | A set of eight actions that, at either a yoga or anuttarayoga empowerment, one vows to avoid and which, if committed, weaken meditation practice and hamper progress along the tantra path. Also called: secondary tantric vows. | sbom-po | |
| sechs Existenzbereiche | six realms of existence | Literally, the six families of wandering beings. The six types of samsaric rebirth: (1) hell-beings (trapped beings in the joyless realms), (2) clutching ghosts (hungry ghosts), (3) animals (creeping creatures), (4) humans, (5) would-be divine beings (anti-gods), and (6) divine beings (gods). | 'gro-ba rigs-drug | |
| Seele | soul | According to non-Buddhist Indian tenet systems, something findable, either with or without being a conscious phenomenon, inside the body of a person, and which is static, a partless monad, separable from the body, and self-sufficiently knowable. | bdag | atman |
| Segen | blessings | See: inspiration. | ||
| segensreiche Erfahrung | boon experience | In mahamudra meditation, an experience of bliss, clarity, nonconceptuality, and bareness that arises as a bonus result of the attainment of a stilled and settled state of shamatha. With this experience, the meditator still has a dualistic sense of there being the meditator on the one side and, on the other, these four as things to be meditated on or experienced. | nyams | |
| sehnsüchtiges Verlangens | longing desire | The disturbing emotion that exaggerates the good qualities of an object that one does not possess and wishes to obtain it. | 'dod-chags | raga |
| selbst-begründend | self-establishing nature | See: self-nature. | ||
| Selbstbezogenheit / sich nur um das eigene Wohl kümmern | self-cherishing | The attitude with which one considers oneself as the most important being and has affection for and takes care of only oneself. | rang bces-par 'dzin-pa | |
| Selbstdisziplin | self-discipline | See: ethical self-discipline. | ||
| Selbstdisziplin, ethische | self-discipline, ethical | See: ethical self-discipline. | ||
| selbstentstehendes tiefes Gewahrsein | self-arising deep awareness | In Nyingma, the aspect of pure awareness (rigpa) that automatically arises with awareness of its own two truths or its own threefold nature. Synonymous with reflexive deep awareness. | rang-byung ye-shes | |
| Selbst-Erzeugung | self-generation | Synonymous with "sadhana." A meditation method in which one visualizes and imagines oneself to be a Buddha-figure for which one has received empowerment. See: sadhana. | bdag-bskyed | |
| Selbst-Initiation | self-initiation | A tantric meditation practice in which one visualizes receiving the entire empowerment (initiation) ritual for a Buddha-figure, performed in order to renew one's tantric vows. It may only be performed if one has done the serviceability retreat of that particular Buddha-figure and the fire-puja afterwards. | bdag-'jug | |
| Selbstleerheit | self-voidness | The absence of any phenomenon existing, by "self"-nature, in an impossible manner. | rang-stong | |
| Selbstnatur | self-nature | Something on the side of an object or phenomenon that (1) establishes the existence, in general, of the object or phenomenon and (2) establishes, as well, what the object or phenomenon is. A self-nature may do this either by its own power alone, or by its own power in conjunction with mental labeling. The term may also be translated as "self-establishing nature." | rang-bzhin | |
| Sem | sem | All levels of awareness (levels of mind) that are tainted with the fleeting stains of the emotional and cognitive obscurations. All levels of awareness other than rigpa. Translated as "limited awareness." | sems | |
| Semde | semdey | See: mind division. | sems-sde | |
| Sensor | sensor | See: cognitive sensor. | ||
| Sensor der Wahrnehmung | cognitive sensor | The dominating condition that determines the type of cognition a way of being aware of something is. In the case of the five types of sensory cognition, it is the photosensitive cells of the eyes, the sound-sensitive cells of the ears, the smell-sensitive cells of the nose, the taste-sensitive cells of the tongue, and the physical-sensation-sensitive cells of the body. In the case of mental cognition, it is the immediately preceding moment of cognition. Some translators render the term as "sense power." | dbang-po | indriya |
| Shakyamuni | Shakyamuni | The Able One of the Shakya Clan, the Sage of the Shakya Clan, an epithet of Buddha | shakya'i thub-pa | Shakyamuni |
| Shamatha | shamatha | See: stilled and settled state of mind. | ||
| Shine | zhinay | See: stilled and settled state of mind. | zhi-gnas | |
| Shravaka | shravaka | Literally, "listeners" to Buddha's teachings - practitioners of the Hinayana vehicle who, motivated by renunciation, strive to attain liberation from uncontrollably recurring rebirth (samsara) and to become an arhat (liberated being) of either the shravaka or pratyekabuddha class. They practice, based on having listened to Buddha's teachings. Some translators render the term as "hearer." | nyan-thos | shravaka |
| Shravaka-Arhat | shravaka arhat | A shravaka that has attained liberation. See also: shravaka. | nyan-thos dgra-bcom | shravaka arhat |
| Sichbefassen, kognitives | engagement, cognitive | See: cognitive engagement. | ||
| sich entwickelnde Eigenschaften | evolving traits | See: evolving family-traits. | ||
| sich entwickelnde Familieneigenschaften | evolving family-traits | (1) In the Chittamatra system, the tendencies (seeds) that, newly gained by listening, contemplating and meditating on Buddha's teachings, are imputable on the basis of the stained minds of each limited being and which serve as factors allowing that being to attain arya pathway minds. (2) In the Svatantrika-Madhyamaka system, the factors, imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being, that are fit to become the essential nature of a deep awareness Dharmakaya. (3) In the Prasangika-Madhyamaka system, the factors imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being that are fit to become the essential natures of a Corpus of Forms and a deep awareness Dharmakaya of a Buddha. | rgyas-'gyur-gyi rigs | |
| sichere Ausrichtung, letztendliche Quelle der | safe direction, ultimate source of | See: ultimate source of safe direction. | ||
| sichere Ausrichtung, vorläufige Quelle der | safe direction, provisional source of | See: provisional source of safe direction. | ||
| sichere Richtung / sichere Ausrichtung | safe direction | A direction that one puts in one's life that will protect one from true suffering and its true causes, and, when one reaches the goal of this direction, allows one to avoid true suffering and its true causes forever. Some translators render this as "refuge." | skyabs | sharana |
| sichere Richtung einschlagen / in ihnen eine sichere Ausrichtung suchen / einen sicheren Weg in Richtung ...einschlagen / in eine sichere Richtung gehen | take safe direction | To put a direction in one's life, which, when one goes in it, protects one from true suffering and its true causes and which, when one reaches its endpoint, allows one to avoid true suffering and its true causes forever. Some translators render this as "take refuge," but it has no connotation of merely opening up and passively receiving protection. | skyabs-'gro | |
| sichere Richtung nehmen / sichere Richtung einschlagen / sichere Ausrichtung nehmen | safe direction, take | See: take safe direction. | ||
| sichere Richtung zu den Drei Juwelen einschlagen | take safe direction from the Three Gems | To turn toward the direction indicated by the Three Rare and Supreme Gems (Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) and to put that safe direction in one's life. Some translators render this as "go for refuge to the Three Gems." | dkon-mchog-gsum-la skyabs-su-'gro | |
| sich gegenseitig ausschließend | mutually exclusive | Two sets are mutually exclusive if they do not share any common locus -- neither contains a member that also belongs to the other. Also translated as "contradictory." | 'gal-ba | |
| sich kümmern (um) | taking care | See: caring attitude. | ||
| sich kümmernde Geisteshaltung | caring attitude | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that takes seriously the situations of others and oneself, and the effects of one's actions on others and on oneself, and which consequently causes one to build up as a habit constructive attitudes and behavior and safeguards against leaning toward tainted or destructive attitudes and behavior. Also translated as "carefulness." | bag-yod | apramada |
| sich kümmernde Liebe | caring love | See: love. | ||
| sich kümmerndes Herz | caring heart | See: caring attitude. | ||
| sich liebevoll kümmernde Liebe | cherishing concerned love | The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) with which, not only does one wish others to be happy and to have the causes for happiness, but with which one values the welfare of others highly and would feel sad if anything bad happened to them. | gces-zhing pham-pa'i byams-pa | |
| Sicht der Wirklichkeit, eine Meditations- und Verhaltensweise | view of reality, way of meditating, and way of behaving | A way to describe a Buddhist system that specifies it in terms of its main way for regarding and understanding reality, its main topic of meditation, and its main manner of acting in the world. | lta-sgom-spyod gsum | |
| sich wiederholendes Samsara | recurring samsara | See: samsara. | ||
| siebenteilige Anweisung über Ursachen und Wirkungen | seven-part cause and effect method | See: seven-part cause and effect quintessence teaching for developing bodhichitta. | ||
| Siegelpartner | partner, sealing | See: sealing partner. | ||
| Siegreicher, der Siegreiche | Victorious One | See: Triumphant One. | ||
| Siegreicher Meister | Vanquishing Master | See: Vanquishing Master Surpassing All | ||
| Sinnesdaten | sensibilia | Sense data; forms of physical phenomenon that, in one moment, occupy an extended location and are cognized by one of the five types of sense consciousness; the data or information concerning one moment of the sight, sound, smell, taste, or physical sensation of an object having physical qualities. | ||
| So-Gegangener | Thusly Gone One | A epithet of a Buddha -- one who has gone to the goal of enlightenment through nonconceptual cognition of voidness, the very nature of reality (thusness). | de-bzhin gshegs-pa | tathagata |
| Soheit | thusness | See: very nature of reality. | ||
| solides "Ich" | solid “me” | A "me" that exists as a concrete, autonomous entity, as if it had a line around it or were encapsulated in plastic. A general, nontechnical term for the false "me" (the "me" to be refuted), which has never existed at all. | ||
| solides "Ich" | solidly existing "me" | See: solid "me." | ||
| Speicherbewusstsein | storehouse consciousness | See: all-encompassing foundation consciousness. | ||
| spezifische Alaya des Gewahrseins | specific awareness alaya | In the Karma Kagyu system, a synonym for alayavijnana. See: all-encompassing foundation for all. | kun-shes rnam-shes | |
| spezifisches Bewusstsein | specific consciousness | See: specific awareness. | ||
| spezifisches Gewahrsein | specific awareness | In the Karma Kagyu system, the aspect of mental activity that is aware of the specific type of awareness of an object that has arisen and the specific object that it is aware of. In a looser sense, awareness of the details that have arisen and one is aware of in a cognition. | rnam-shes | vijnana |
| spiegelgleiches tiefes Gewahrsein | mirror-like deep awareness | One of the five types of deep awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The deep awareness that takes in all the information about an object of cognition. Also called: deep awareness that is like a mirror. | me-long lta-bu'i ye-shes | |
| Spiegelung | reflection | See: mental derivative. | ||
| Spiegelung, geistige / Wiederspiegelung, geistige | reflection, mental | See: mental derivative. | ||
| spiritueller Lehrer | spiritual teacher | A general term for the four levels of Buddhist teachers: a Buddhism professor, a Dharma instructor, a meditation trainer or ritual trainer, and a spiritual mentor. | ||
| spiritueller Mentor | spiritual mentor | A Buddhist teacher who has had stable realizations, who embodies the teachings in the sense of having integrated them into his or her life, and who confers vows on disciples. | dge-ba'i bshes-gnyen | kalyanamitra |
| spontan Erscheinungen hervorbringen | spontaneously establishing appearances | The functional nature of rigpa (pure awareness), which is that it automatically, without any effort, gives rise to pure appearances. | lhun-grub | |
| stabile Verwirklichung | stable realization | In mahamudra meditation, the state of mind in which the meditator has nonconceptual bare cognition of there being no dualism of meditator and meditation. | rtogs-pa | |
| stabilisierende Meditation / verankernde Meditation | stabilizing meditation | A method for habituating oneself to an insight, understanding, or state of mind in which one focuses on an object with that desired insight, understanding, or state of mind and with full conviction in its validity, but without the mental factors of gross detection (investigation) or subtle discernment (scrutiny). Also translated sometimes as "fixating meditation." | 'jog-sgom | |
| Stabilität, geistige | stability, mental | See: mental stability. | ||
| Stärken | strengthening | The special discriminating awareness employed for expanding one's discriminating awareness and not letting it be crushed by countering factors, such as attachment to anything. One of the ten Mahayana far-reaching attitudes (ten perfections). | stobs | bala |
| statisch | static | See: static phenomena. | ||
| statische Abstraktion | static abstraction | See: static phenomena. | ||
| statisches Phänomen | static phenomena | Phenomena that are unaffected by causes and circumstances and, consequently, do not change from moment to moment and do not produce any effects. Somewhat similar to unchanging facts, they are imputed about some validly knowable phenomenon and only exist and can be validly known so long as the basis for their imputation lasts. Sometimes translated as "static abstractions." Some translators render the term as "permanent phenomena." | rtag-pa | nitya |
| Statischsein | staticness | The noncongruent affecting variable of not changing from moment to moment. Sometimes translated as "permanence." | rtag-pa | nitya |
| Stattfinden, nicht länger | happening, no-longer | See: no-longer-happening. | ||
| Stattfinden, noch nicht | happening, not-yet | See: not-yet-happening. | ||
| Stattfinden, vergangenes | happening, passed | See: no-longer-happening. | ||
| still gewordener und zur Ruhe gekommener Geisteszustand | stilled and settled state of mind | A state of mind, attained through meditation, in which the mind is stilled of all mental flightiness and mental dullness, is settled down on an object and remains there, and is accompanied by an exhilarating sense of fitness. Also called a "serenely stilled and settled state of mind," "shamatha." Some translators render the term as "calm abiding" or "mental quiescence." | zhi-gnas | shamatha |
| Stoffmandala | cloth mandala | A two-dimensional representation, painted on cloth, which is like an architectural blueprint of the three-dimensional palace, environment, and Buddha-figures of a symbolic world system, and used for conferring a tantric empowerment. | ras-bris-kyi dkyil-'khor | |
| störende Emotionen und Geisteshaltungen, automatisch erscheinende | disturbing emotions and attitudes, automatically arising | See: automatically arising disturbing emotions and attitudes. | ||
| störende Emotionen und Geisteshaltungen, doktrinär bedingte | disturbing emotions and attitudes, doctrinally based | See: doctrinally-based disturbing emotions and attitudes. | ||
| störende Emotion oder Geisteshaltung | disturbing emotion or attitude | A subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that, when it arises, causes oneself to lose peace of mind and incapacitates oneself so that one loses self-control. An indication that one is experiencing a disturbing emotion or attitude is that it makes oneself and/or others feel uncomfortable. Some translators render this term as "afflictive emotions" or "emotional afflictions." | nyon-mongs | klesha |
| störende Geisteshaltung | disturbing attitude | Equivalent to a deluded outlook. | ||
| strahlendes Rigpa | effulgent rigpa | Pure awareness (rigpa) from the point of view of its aspect of spontaneously establishing appearances. Synonymous with the term "appearance-making basis rigpa." | rtsal-gyi rig-pa | |
| Strom von Kontinuität | stream of continuity | A succession of moments of something. | rgyun | |
| Stufe der Vollständigkeit / Vollständigkeitsstufe | complete stage | (1) The second stage of anuttarayoga tantra practice, in which everything is now complete for engaging in the practices that act as the immediate causes for reaching enlightenment. These practices entail working with the chakras, channels, and winds of the subtle body. (2) In some non-Gelug texts, nonconceptual meditation on the voidness of the visualizations generated during the first stage of anuttarayoga tantra practice. This meditation on a nondenumerable ultimate phenomenon is done simultaneously with the visualizations, on the same stage of practice, and makes the practice of visualization complete. Many translators render this term as "completion stage." | rdzogs-rim | sampannakrama |
| Stufe des Versprechens des anstrebenden Bodhichitta | bodhichitta, pledged state of aspiring | See: pledged state of aspiring bodhichitta. | ||
| Stufe des Versprechens des anstrebenden Bodhicitta | pledged state of aspiring bodhichitta | The advanced level of aspiring bodhichitta, with which one focuses on one's own not-yet-happening enlightenment, imputable on the bais of the Buddha-nature factors oon one's mental continuum, with the intention to attain that enlightenment and to benefit all beings by means of it, and then pledges never to give up this bodhichitta aim until one reaches that enlightenment. Abbreviated as: pledged aspiring bodhichitta. | smon-sems dam-bca'-can | |
| Stufe des Vorwärtssprunges | leap-ahead stage | See: leap-ahead. | ||
| Stupa | stupa | A monument within which are kept the relics of a great Buddhist master. Translated as a reliquary monument. | mchod-rten | stupa |
| Stütze | reliance | See: something that supports something else. | ||
| subtile geistige Aktivität | mind, subtle | See: subtle mind. | ||
| subtile geistige Aktivität | subtle mind | Mental consciousness, both conceptual and nonconceptual. | sems phra-mo | |
| subtile kreative Tropfen | subtle creative energy-drops | See: creative energy-drops. | ||
| subtiler Energiewind | subtle energy-winds | Subtle forms of energy that move within the subtle energy-channels of the subtle body and which are the "mount" (the physical basis) for consciousness, either in nonconceptual or conceptual cognition, transporting it through the subtle body. Through anuttarayoga complete stage practices, one can cause them to enter, abide, and dissolve in the central energy-channel and thereby make manifest the subtlest clear light mind. | rlung phra-mo | |
| subtiler Körper | subtle body | Within the gross body of humans, the invisible system of energy-winds, energy-channels, energy-nodes (chakras), and creative energy-drops. | lus phra-mo | |
| subtile Unbeständigkeit | subtle impermanence | A nonstatic phenomenon's drawing closer each moment to its ultimate end, like a time bomb, based on the fact that the cause for the phenomenon's final disintegration or end is its coming into being, its arising. | mi-rtag-pa phra-mo | |
| subtile Unterscheidungsfähigkeit | subtle discernment | A subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that actively understands the fine details of the nature of something, having scrutinized them thoroughly. It does not imply verbal thinking, although it may be induced by verbally thinking. According to Asanga, one of the four changeable subsidiary awarenesses. Also translated as "scrutiny," "analysis." and "discerning analysis." | dpyod-pa | |
| subtilste geistige Aktivität / subtilster Geist | subtlest mind | See: clear light awareness. | sems shin-tu phra-mo | |
| subtilster Körper | subtlest body | The subtlest life-supporting energy-wind that accompanies each moment of subtlest mind. | lus shin-tu phra-mo | |
| Sugata | Sugata | See: Blissfully Gone One. | ||
| Sünde | sin | See: negative karmic force. | ||
| Sutra | sutra | (1) Texts by Shakyamuni Buddha, both Hinayana and Mahayana, that discuss themes of practice.(2) Within the context of the Three Baskets (Tripitaka), the texts of Buddha that especially concern the training in higher concentration. (3) Within the context of Buddha's teachings divided into sutra and tantra, the division that does not entail visualization of oneself as a Buddha-figure. (3) Within the context of the twelve scriptural categories, the texts that present what Buddha had to say in a brief and condensed format. Also called: expositions on themes of practice. | mdo | sutra |
| Sutra-Mahamudra | sutra mahamudra | Meditations on the nature of the mind with regard to only gross and subtle minds -- in other words, sensory and mental consciousness -- and not with regard to the subtlest mind, clear light. | mdo'i phyag-chen | |
| Svabhavakaya | Svabhavakaya | See: Corpus of Essential Nature. |