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Deutsches Glossar Buddhistischer Fachbegriffe
Dieses Glossar enthält bislang nur einen Teil der Fachbegriffe, die auf unserer Webseite verwendet werden. Mit weiterem Fortschreiten der Arbeit am Glossar werden wir weitere Begriffe hinzugefügen. Die Definitionen liegen bislang noch nicht in der deutschen Übersetzung vor, wir haben daher in diese Fassung des Glossars die englischen Definitionen aufgenommen.
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A Ä B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T Ü U V W Y Z alles
| Deutsch | Englisch | Definition (Englisch) | Tibetisch | Sanskrit (Pali) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaibhashika | Vaibhashika | A Hinayana school of Indian Buddhism that does not assert reflexive awareness and does assert external phenomena; a subdivision of the Sarvastivada school of Hinayana. One of the four Indian Buddhist tenet systems studied by all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. | Bye-brag smra-ba | |
| Vajra-Körper | Vajra Body | See: Vajra Corpus. | ||
| Vajra-Körper | Vajra Corpus | In some dzogchen systems, the voidness factor of the deep awareness of a Buddha's pure awareness (rigpa); the unchanging nature of the other corpuses of a Buddha. Also called Vajra Body. | rdo-rje-i sku | vajrakaya |
| Vajra-Körper, unveränderlicher | Vajra Body, Immutable | See: Immutable Vajra Corpus. | ||
| Vajra-Körper, unveränderlicher | Vajra Corpus, Immutable | See: Immutable Vajra Corpus. | ||
| Vajrayana | Vajrayana | The Diamond-strong Vehicle of Mind, within Mahayana, that makes use of the tantra methods. Synonymous with "Mantrayana" and "Tantrayana." | rdo-rje theg-pa | vajrayana |
| verblendete Auffassung in Bezug auf ein vergängliches Netzwerk | deluded outlook toward a transitory network | (1) According to Vasubandhu and Asanga, the disturbing attitude that regards some transitory network from one's own samsara-perpetuating five aggregates as “me” or as “mine.” (2) According to Tsongkhapa, the disturbing attitude that focuses on the conventional "me" and regards it as a truly findable “me,” identical with the aggregates, or as “me, the possessor, controller, or inhabitant” of the aggregates. Alternative Tibetan: 'jig-lta. | 'jig-tshogs-la lta-ba | satkayadrshti |
| verblendete Auffassung in Bezug auf ein vergängliches Netzwerk | deluded outlook toward a transitory network | See: deluded outlook toward a transitory network, Tib. 'jig-tshogs-la lta-ba. | 'jig-lta | satkayadrshti |
| verblendetes Gewahrsein | deluded awareness | A primary consciousness that is aimed at the alayavijnana in the Chittamatra system, or at the alaya for habits in the dzogchen system, and grasps at it to be the "me" to be refuted. | nyon-yid | |
| Verblendung | delusion | See: disturbing emotion or attitude. | ||
| verbotene unsägliche Handlungen | prohibited unspeakable action | Ethically neutral (unspecified) actions that Buddha prohibited for certain types of practitioners, for instance monks or nuns, as detrimental to their spiritual practice. | bcas-pa'i kha-na ma-tho-ba | |
| Verbrechen, fünf unmittelbar ins Elend führende | crimes, five heinous | See: five heinous crimes. | ||
| verbundenes Paar | joined pair | A pair of items, joined inseparably, in which the initial attainment of one of the items occurs before the initial attainment of the other. | zung-'brel | |
| verbundene Untrennbarkeit | joined inseparability | The relationship between two items that do not naturally occur simultaneously and inseparably, but are made to do so through the power of meditation. Once the attainments of both are joined, then whenever one is the case or is occurring, so is the other. | sbyor-bcas dbyer-med | |
| verbunden mit Verwirrung | associated with confusion | See: tainted. | ||
| Verdienst | merit | See: positive karmic force. | ||
| vereintes Paar | unified pair | A pair of items, joined inseparably, in which the initial attainment of both items occurs simultaneously. Sometimes used as a general term whether the initial attainment of both items occurs simultaneously or sequentially. | zung-'jug | yuganaddha |
| Verfälschung / verfälschende Hinzufügung | interpolation | The projection or superimposition, onto an object, of a quality or a conventional or ultimate identity that it doesn't have. For instance, to superimpose true existence onto the conventionally existent "me." Literally, the term means "sticking feathers on to something." Some translators render it as "exaggeration," but it is not the exaggeration of something present. Rather, it is the adding of something that is not there, as if it were present. | sgro-'dogs | |
| vergangenes Stattfinden | passed-happening | See: no-longer happening. | ||
| Vergegenwärtigung | mindfulness | (1) The subsidiary awareness (mental factor), similar to a mental glue, that keeps a mental hold on a cognitive object, so that it is not lost. (2) The recollection of something, with which the mind keeps a mental hold on a mental hologram that resembles and represents something previously cognized. The term is often rendered as "memory" or "remembering," but has nothing to do with the recording or storage of mental information. | dran-pa | smrti |
| Verhalten, gezügeltes/ Verhalten bezähmtes | behavior, tamed | See: tamed behavior. | ||
| verhaltensbedingte Ursache und Wirkung | behavioral cause and effect | The principles of karma, whereby certain actions produce certain effects. The cause is one's behavior – how one acts, speaks, and thinks – and the effect is what one experiences. Behavioral cause and effect is about the connection between one's behavior and what one experiences as a result. | las-'bras | |
| Verlangen | desire | See: longing desire. | ||
| Verlangen, sehnsüchtiges | desire, longing | See: longing desire. | ||
| Vermächtnis, karmisches | legacy, karmic | See: karmic legacy. | ||
| vernichten | devastate | To totally weaken the effectiveness of something, such as the positive force of a constructive act, such that it ripens into something far less and more distant in the future, but without completely eliminating its potential to ripen. | bcom | |
| Verpflichtung | commitment | A spiritual practice that one promises to do. The mental factor with which one makes such a promise. The promise may be made either formally with a ritual or informally, and either verbally or nonverbally. In the case of commitment toward a spiritual master, the mental factor with which one promises to relate to that teacher in a healthy manner, in accord with the traditional scriptural description. The term does not have the connotation of a sense of duty or an obligation. | ||
| verschleiertes Phänomen | obscure phenomenon | A validly knowable phenomenon that cannot be apprehended through the force of personal experience, but can be apprehended through the force of a line of reasoning. | lkog-gyur | |
| Verse, besondere | verses, special | See: special verses. | ||
| Verse, metrische | verses, metered | See: metered verses. | ||
| Verse, wohlklingende | verses, melodic | See: melodic verses. | ||
| versprochenes anstrebendes Bodhichtitta / anstrebendes Bodhichitta, das man gelobt hat | pledged aspiring bodhichitta | See: pledged state of aspiring bodhichitta. | ||
| vertiefe Konzentration | absorbed concentration | Perfect concentration fully absorbed or sunk into an object of focus. | ting-nge-'dzin | samadhi |
| Vertiefung, völlige | absorption, total | See: total absorption. | ||
| Vertiefung in Leerheit mit dem klaren Licht | absorption on voidness, clear light | See: clear light absorption on voidness. | ||
| Vertiefung in Leerheit mit dem klaren Licht | clear light absorption on voidness | Total absorption, with clear light awareness, on voidness (emptiness). | ||
| vertikale geistige Synthese | vertical mental synthesis | A collection or mental synthesis that extends over time, such as a human body over a lifetime. | gong-ma'i spyi | |
| Vertrauen | faith | See: believing a fact to be true. | ||
| verunreinigte Aggregate | contaminated aggregates | See: tainted aggregates. | ||
| Verunreinigung | defilement | See: disturbing emotion or attitude. | ||
| vervollständigendes Karma | completing karma | A mental urge or impulse having a relatively weak accompanying motivation and therefore having the strength to ripen, as its result, into only the circumstances that will complete the conditions of a future rebirth. | rdzogs-byed-kyi las | |
| verwirklichen / erkennen | realize | To understand correctly, in a stable manner, some point in the Dharma, such as voidness, such that it brings about a lasting attainment and change in the person who has gained it. | ||
| verwirklicht | accomplished | See: highly accomplished. | ||
| verwirklichte Errungenschaft / verwirklichte Erlangung | actual attainment | A significant spiritual goal that one actually attains or, literally, "makes actual" or "makes real" on one's mental continuum. The ordinary actual attainments refer to extrasensory and extraphysical powers, while the supreme actual attainment refers to enlightenment. | dngos-grub | siddhi |
| Verwirklichung | realization | A stable, correct understanding of some point in the Dharma, such as voidness, which brings about a lasting attainment and change in the person who has it. Compare: "attainment". | rtogs-pa | |
| Verwirklichung, nachfolgende | realization, subsequent | See: subsequent realization. | ||
| Verwirklichung und Befreiung, gleichzeitige | realization and liberation, simultaneous | See: simultaneous realization and liberation | ||
| Verwirrung | bewilderment | A naive state of mind of not know what is happening. | rmongs-pa | |
| Verwirrung | confusion | A nontechnical term used in place of unawareness (ignorance) to simplify a discussion of the topic, but without any connotation of disorganization, disorientation, or dementia. | ||
| verzerrte, feindselige Geisteshaltung | distorted antagonistic thinking | The action of thinking with a distorted outlook and, in addition, wishing to repudiate, with hostility, anyone that disagrees with one's view. Also called: "thinking with a distorted, antagonistic attitude. | log-lta | |
| verzerrte Wahrnehmung | distorted cognition | A way of being aware of something that takes its object incorrectly. Conceptual distorted cognition is deceived with respect to its conceptualized object; nonconceptual distorted cognition is deceived with respect to its involved object. | log-shes | |
| vier Ausrichtungen der Vergegenwärtigung | four placements of mindfulness | See: four close placements of mindfulness. | ||
| vier Axiome | four axioms | The four axioms for examining a Dharma teaching in order to accept its validity: (1) dependency, (2) functionality, (3) establishment by reason, and (4) the nature of things. | rigs-pa bzhi | |
| vier bindende Faktoren | four binding factors | Factors which, when they accompany someone's acting in breach of a vow, bind that person to the full karmic result, in the sense of guaranteeing that the full karmic result will follow. | kun-dkris bzhi | |
| vier Buddhakörper | Four Buddha-Bodies | See: Four Corpuses of a Buddha. | ||
| vier feste Ausrichtungen der Vergegenwärtigung | four close placements of mindfulness | Meditation practices that focus on (a) the body, (b) feelings of levels of happiness, (c) mind, and (d) phenomena, with the subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors) of mindfulness ("mental glue") and attention to them with a certain understanding. (1) In Theravada, one is attentive to (a) the breath as affecting the body, (b) feelings of levels of happiness and unhappiness as affecting the mind, (c) disturbing emotions as affecting the thoughts, and (d) the nature of the previous three as being nonstatic and lacking an impossible "soul." (2) In Mahayana, one is attentive to (a) the body as unclean and true suffering, (b) feelings of levels of happiness as in the nature of suffering, and clinging to them as a true cause of suffering, (c) the six kinds of primary consciousness as naturally free of all stains, so as to understand true stoppings, and (d) all mental factors in terms of which to get rid of and which to cultivate, so as to understand true pathway minds. | dran-pa nyer-bzhag bzhi | smrtyupasthana (Pali: satipatthana) |
| vier Kennzeichen des Dharma | four hallmarks of the Dharma | Four points which, if contained in a system of teachings, indicate that the system is a Buddhist one: (1) all affected (conditioned) phenomena are nonstatic (impermanent), (2) all tainted phenomena are problematic (suffering), (3) all phenomena are devoid and lacking an impossible “soul,” while (4) a nirvana release is a pacification and something constructive. Also called "four sealing points for labeling an outlook as being based on enlightening words." | chos-kyi sdom-pa bzhi | |
| vier Kennzeichen des Dharma | hallmarks of the Dharma, four | See: four hallmarks of the Dharma. | ||
| vier Körper eines Buddha | Four Corpuses of a Buddha | (1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), (3) Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything (Jnanadharmakaya), and (4) Corpus of Essential Nature of a Buddha. | sku-bzhi | |
| Vinaya | vinaya | See: rules of discipline. | ||
| Vipassana | vipassana | Vipassana (Pali for vipashyana) is a state of mind that cognizes clearly, distinctly and directly the true nature of the breath, thoughts, and all other affecting variables -- namely their being nonstatic (impermanent), suffering, and, in relation to them, the lack of an impossible soul. Also, the Theravada practices leading to this state of mind. See also: exceptionally perceptive state of mind. | ||
| vollbringendes Gewahrsein | accomplishing awareness | See: accomplishing deep awareness. | ||
| vollbringendes tiefes Gewahrsein | accomplishing deep awareness | One of the five types of deep awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The deep awareness that goes out to a cognitive object and which has the willingness to accomplish something with it, or to do something with it or to it, or to relate to it in some personal way. Also called: deep awareness to accomplish things. | bya-grub ye-shes | |
| vollendete Qualitäten/ Errungenschaft | accomplishment | The attainment of a spiritual goal. | sgrub-pa | |
| Vollendungsstufe | completion stage | See: complete stage. | ||
| völlige Vertiefung | total absorption | A state of mind having the joined pair of shamatha and vipashyana, and in which absorbed concentration is focused single-pointedly on a voidness that is like space. It may be either conceptual or nonconceptual. Sometimes translated as "meditative equipoise." | mnyam-bzhag | samahita |
| völlig konzeptionelle Phänomene | totally conceptional phenomena | (1) In the context of the Chittamatra tenet-system, all static phenomena other than the various types of voidness, true stoppings, and nirvana, plus all non-existent phenomena. (2) In the context of the Madhyamaka tenet-system, all non-existent phenomena, especially true existence. | kun-btags | parikalpita |
| vollkommen begründete Phänomene | thoroughly established phenomena | (1) In the context of the Mahayana tenet system, a synonym for deepest truths. Specifically, in the Chittamatra system, the various voidnesses, true stoppings, and nirvana. (2) In the Buddhist medical system, hereditary, congenital diseases; genetic disorders. | yongs-grub | parinishpanna |
| Vollkommenheit | perfection | See: far-reaching attitude. | ||
| vollkommen imaginäre Formen physischer Phänomene | totally imaginary forms of physical phenomena | Forms of physical phenomena included only among cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena and which appear in certain mental states, such as the sensory objects appearing in dreams and the conceptually implied objects in visualizations and imaginings. | kun-btags-pa'i gzugs | |
| vom Intellekt herrührt | intellectually derived | Descriptive of meditation with verbal thoughts based on conceptual schemes. | blos-byas | |
| von anderem beeinflusstes Phänomen | other-powered phenomena | See: dependent phenomena. | ||
| von nichts beeinflusst | unaffected | See: unaffected phenomenon. | ||
| vorangehende Praxis der Verwirklichung | antecedent practice for realization | A visualization practice in which one imagines oneself to be a Buddha-figure, for which one has received empowerment, and which one does as a method for actualizing oneself as the figure. It is "antecedent" in the sense of being a meditation practice undertaken both before and as a condition for being able to actualize oneself as the Buddha-figure. Synonymous with "sadhana." | mngon-rtogs | |
| vorbereitende Übungen / vorbereitende Praxis | preliminary practices | Practices, such as prostration, usually repeated 100,000 times, done as a method to build up positive force and cleanse negative force so as to have more success in tantra practice. Also called "ngondro." | sngon-'gro | |
| Vorbild eines Geistes des klaren Lichts | clear light mind, model | See: model clear light mind. | ||
| Vorbild eines Geistes des klaren Lichts | model clear light mind | A subtle level of consciousness that has a blissful conceptual cognition of voidness, which is attained when the subtle energy-winds are partly dissolved in the central energy-channel. Also translated as "approximating clear light mind." | dpe'i 'od-gsal | |
| vorläufige Quelle einer sicheren Ausrichtung | provisional source of safe direction | The aryas with incomplete sets of true stoppings and true pathway minds on their mental continuums. | gnas-skabs-kyi skyabs-gnas | |
| vorrangiges Ergebnis | overriding result | See: dominating result. | ||
| Vorwärtssprung | leap-ahead | The practice, and resultant stage of the practice, in dzogchen during which one "leaps ahead" from the attainment of break-through, and during which effulgent rigpa gives rises to and cognizes itself as a rainbow body. During this stage, effulgent rigpa becomes increasingly more prominent, while essence rigpa is also prominently maintained. This stage is equivalent to an accustoming pathway of mind (path of meditation). | thod-rgal |